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Tao S, Wu J, He Y, Jiao F. Numerical Studies on the Motions of Magnetically Tagged Cells Driven by a Micromagnetic Matrix. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2224. [PMID: 38138393 PMCID: PMC10745660 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlling magnetically tagged cells in a complex environment is crucial to constructing a magneto-microfluidic platform. We propose a two-dimensional model for capturing magnetic beads from non-magnetic fluids under a micromagnetic matrix. A qualitative description of the relationship between the capture trajectory and the micromagnetic matrix with an alternating polarity configuration was obtained by computing the force curve of the magnetic particles. Three stages comprise the capture process: the first, where motion is a parabolic fall in weak fields; the second, where the motion becomes unpredictable due to the competition between gravity and magnetic force; and the third, where the micromagnetic matrix finally captures cells. Since it is not always obvious how many particles are adhered to the surface, attachment density is utilized to illustrate how the quantity of particles influences the capture path. The longitudinal magnetic load is calculated to measure the acquisition efficiency. The optimal adhesion density is 13%, and the maximum adhesion density is 18%. It has been demonstrated that a magnetic ring model with 100% adhesion density can impede the capture process. The results offer a theoretical foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of rare cell capture in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjia Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Yongqing He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano System and Intelligent Transduction, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Hewlin RL, Tindall JM. Computational Assessment of Magnetic Nanoparticle Targeting Efficiency in a Simplified Circle of Willis Arterial Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032545. [PMID: 36768867 PMCID: PMC9916571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the methodology and computational results of simulated medical drug targeting (MDT) via induced magnetism intended for administering intravenous patient-specific doses of therapeutic agents in a Circle of Willis (CoW) model. The multi-physics computational model used in this work is from our previous works. The computational model is used to analyze pulsatile blood flow, particle motion, and particle capture efficiency in a magnetized region using the magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) and equations describing the magnetic forces acting on particles produced by an external cylindrical electromagnetic coil. A Eulerian-Lagrangian technique is implemented to resolve the hemodynamic flow and the motion of particles under the influence of a range of magnetic field strengths (Br = 2T, 4T, 6T, and 8T). Particle diameter sizes of 10 nm to 4 µm in diameter were assessed. Two dimensionless numbers are also investigated a priori in this study to characterize relative effects of Brownian motion (BM), magnetic force-induced particle motion, and convective blood flow on particle motion. Similar to our previous works, the computational simulations demonstrate that the greatest particle capture efficiency results for particle diameters within the micron range, specifically in regions where flow separation and vortices are at a minimum. Additionally, it was observed that the capture efficiency of particles decreases substantially with smaller particle diameters, especially in the superparamagnetic regime. The highest capture efficiency observed for superparamagnetic particles was 99% with an 8T magnetic field strength and 95% with a 2T magnetic field strength when analyzing 100 nm particles. For 10 nm particles and an 8T magnetic field strength, the particle capture efficiency was 48%, and for a 2T magnetic field strength the particle capture efficiency was 33%. Furthermore, it was found that larger magnetic field strengths, large particle diameter sizes (1 µm and above), and slower blood flow velocity increase the particle capture efficiency. The key finding in this work is that favorable capture efficiencies for superparamagnetic particles were observed in the CoW model for weak fields (Br < 4T) which demonstrates MDT as a possible viable treatment candidate for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodward L. Hewlin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science (CBES), Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph M. Tindall
- Applied Energy and Electromechanical Systems (AEES), Department of Engineering Technology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Amos BA, Cardé RT. Verifying the efficiency of the Biogents Sentinel trap in the field and investigating microclimatic influences on responding Aedes aegypti behavior. J Vector Ecol 2022; 47:166-170. [PMID: 36314670 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Successful surveillance and control of mosquito arbovirus vectors requires effective and sensitive trapping methods for adult insects. The Biogents Sentinel (BGS) trap is widely used for mosquito trapping but has low capture efficiency for both female and male Aedes aegypti under semi-field conditions. Efficiency refers to the proportion of mosquitoes that are trapped of those encountering the trap. We verified the efficiency of the BGS under field conditions in suburban Riverside, California, U.S.A., following our previous work determining the efficiency under semi-field conditions in Cairns, Northern Australia. The efficiency of the BGS with CO2 and a human skin odor mimic (BG-Lure) for both Ae. aegypti sexes in the field was 9%. This closely aligns with the results of our previous study, the efficiency for females being 5% and males being 9%. In the present study microclimatic conditions were monitored and capture occurred during periods of significantly lower mean temperature. There were no discernible changes in wind directionality or strength in the 60 s leading up to mosquito capture by the BGS. Our results support our previous findings that capture efficiency of the BGS for Ae. aegypti is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan A Amos
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.,
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
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Kang F, Yang Y, Li J, Chen E, Hong T, Zhao L, Du M. pH-Regulated Strategy and Mechanism of Antibody Orientation on Magnetic Beads for Improving Capture Performance of Staphylococcus Species. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36429188 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) have been widely used to capture and isolate target pathogens from complex food samples. The orientation of the antibody immobilized on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs) is closely related to the effective recognition with an antigen. We put forward an available strategy to orient the antibody on the surface of MBs by changing the charged amino group ratio of the reactive amino groups at optimal pH value. Quantum dots labeling antigen assay, antigen-binding fragment (Fab) accessibility assay and lysine mimicking were used for the first time to skillfully illustrate the antibody orientation mechanism. This revealed that the positively charged ε-NH2 group of lysine on the Fc relative to the uncharged amino terminus on Fab was preferentially adsorbed on the surface of MBs with a negatively charged group at pH 8.0, resulting in antigen binding sites of antibody fully exposed. This study contributes to the understanding of the antibody orientation on the surface of MBs and the potential application of IMBs in the separation and detection of pathogenic bacteria in food samples.
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Ming R, Jiang Y, Fan J, An C, Li J, Chen T, Li X. High-Efficiency Capture of Cells by Softening Cell Membrane. Small 2022; 18:e2106547. [PMID: 35112794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by nanostructured substrate surface is a useful method for early diagnosis of cancer. At present, most methods used to improve the cell capture efficiency are based on changing substrate surface properties. However, there are still some gaps between these methods and practical applications. Here, a method is presented for improving cell capture efficiency from a different perspective, that is, changing the properties of the cells. Concretely, the mechanical properties of the cell membrane are changed by adding Cytochalasin D to soften the cell membrane. Furthermore, a corresponding theoretical model is proposed to explain the experimental results. It is found that cell softening can reduce the resistance of cell adhesion, which makes the adhesion ability stronger. The high-efficiency capture of cells by softening the cell membrane provides a potential method to improve the detection performance of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chunchun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Milosavljević I, Hoddle CD, Mafra-Neto A, Gómez-Marco F, Hoddle MS. Use of Digital Video Cameras to Determine the Efficacy of Two Trap Types for Capturing Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:3028-3031. [PMID: 32996571 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficacies of two trap types, bucket and Picusan traps, for capturing and retaining Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.), an invasive palm pest responsible for killing thousands of ornamental Canary Islands date palms (Phoenix canariensis Chabaud [Arecales: Arecaceae]) in San Diego County, CA, were compared. Digital video data were analyzed to determine how R. palmarum behavior toward each trap type affected capture and retention rates. Videography was conducted 24 h/d, 7 d/wk, for more than 7 mo resulting in 20,211 h of digital data for analysis. Weevil attraction to traps was observed only during daylight hours and no patterns in diel activity were found. Neither trap type tested captured 100% of weevils attracted to traps. Bucket traps suspended 1.5 m above the ground attracted 30% more weevils than ground deployed Picusan traps. Of those weevils attracted to bucket traps, 89% entered, 82% escaped, and 18% that entered traps were retained. Weevils that were not retained spent an average of 19 min 20 s entering and exiting entry holes and walking and flying around the bucket trap. By contrast, Picusan traps captured 89% of weevils that entered the trap. The time between weevils arriving (via walking or flight) on the sides of the Picusan trap and retention in the trap ranged between 90 and 376 s. These visual observations suggest that Picusan traps are more efficient than bucket traps for R. palmarum capture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
- Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA
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Proulx G, Cattet M, Serfass TL, Baker SE. Updating the AIHTS Trapping Standards to Improve Animal Welfare and Capture Efficiency and Selectivity. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1262. [PMID: 32722315 PMCID: PMC7459571 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1999, after pressure from the European Union, an Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards (AIHTS) that would result in the banning of the steel-jawed leghold traps in the European Community, Canada, and Russia was signed. The United States implemented these standards through an Agreed Minute with the European Community. Over the last two decades, scientists have criticized the AIHTS for (1) omitting species that are commonly trapped; (2) threshold levels of trap acceptance that are not representative of state-of-the-art trap technology; (3) excluding popular traps which are commonly used by trappers although they are known to cause prolonged pain and stress to captured animals; (4) inadequate coverage of capture efficiency and species selectivity (i.e., number of captures of target and non-target species) performance. Concerns about the ability of standards and test procedures to ensure animal welfare, and about the implementation of standards, have also been voiced by wildlife biologists, managers, and conservation groups. In this review, we present a synopsis of current trapping standards and test procedures, and we compare the standards to a then contemporary 1985-1993 Canadian trap research and development program. On the basis of the above-noted concerns about AIHTS, and our experience as wildlife professionals involved in the capture of mammals, we formulated the following hypotheses: (1) the list of mammal species included in the AIHTS is incomplete; (2) the AIHTS have relatively low animal welfare performance thresholds of killing trap acceptance and do not reflect state-of-the-art trapping technology; (3) the AIHTS animal welfare indicators and injuries for restraining traps are insufficient; (4) the AIHTS testing procedures are neither thorough nor transparent; (5) the AIHTS protocols for the use of certified traps are inadequate; (6) the AIHTS procedures for the handling and dispatching of animals are nonexistent; (7) the AIHTS criteria to assess trap capture efficiency and species selectivity are inappropriate. We conclude that the AIHTS do not reflect state-of-the-art trapping technology, and assessment protocols need to be updated to include trap components and sets, animal handling and dispatching, and trap visit intervals. The list of traps and species included in the standards should be updated. Finally, the concepts of capture efficiency and trap selectivity should be developed and included in the standards. Based on our review, it is clear that mammal trapping standards need to be revisited to implement state-of-the-art trapping technology and improve capture efficiency and species selectivity. We believe that a committee of international professionals consisting of wildlife biologists and veterinarians with extensive experience in the capture of mammals and animal welfare could produce new standards within 1-2 years. We propose a series of measures to fund trap testing and implement new standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Proulx
- Alpha Wildlife Research & Management Ltd., 229 Lilac Terrace, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 1W3, Canada
| | - Marc Cattet
- RGL Recovery Wildlife Health & Veterinary Services, 415 Mount Allison Crescent, Saskatoon, SK S7H 4A6, Canada;
| | - Thomas L. Serfass
- Department of Biology and Natural Resources, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA;
| | - Sandra E. Baker
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK;
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8
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Ma GC, Lin WH, Huang CE, Chang TY, Liu JY, Yang YJ, Lee MH, Wu WJ, Chang YS, Chen M. A Silicon-based Coral-like Nanostructured Microfluidics to Isolate Rare Cells in Human Circulation: Validation by SK-BR-3 Cancer Cell Line and Its Utility in Circulating Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E132. [PMID: 30781548 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating fetal cells (CFCs) in maternal blood are rare but have a strong potential to be the target for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). "Cell RevealTM system" is a silicon-based microfluidic platform capable to capture rare cell populations in human circulation. The platform is recently optimized to enhance the capture efficiency and system automation. In this study, spiking tests of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells were used for the evaluation of capture efficiency. Then, peripheral bloods from 14 pregnant women whose fetuses have evidenced non-maternal genomic markers (e.g., de novo pathogenic copy number changes) were tested for the capture of circulating fetal nucleated red blood cells (fnRBCs). Captured cells were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on chip or recovered by an automated cell picker for molecular genetic analyses. The capture rate for the spiking tests is estimated as 88.1%. For the prenatal study, 2⁻71 fnRBCs were successfully captured from 2 mL of maternal blood in all pregnant women. The captured fnRBCs were verified to be from fetal origin. Our results demonstrated that the Cell RevealTM system has a high capture efficiency and can be used for fnRBC capture that is feasible for the genetic diagnosis of fetuses without invasive procedures.
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Abstract
A cone hood is an efficient device for capturing dust releases generated by a variety of process equipment. For stationary airflow conditions, a circular cone hood with a round flange is the most efficient design. The goal of this article is to determine the effect that inflow velocity, suction velocity, and terminal settling velocity of dust particles have on the aspiration coefficient in combination with hood length and inclination angle. No studies have yet addressed the efficiency of an exhaust hood facing an updraft flow of air with suspended dust particles. To simulate the moving fluid, we used the discrete vortices method accounting for flow separation at sharp edges of the cone hood. A custom test bench was built to validate the velocity field distribution around the exhaust hood. To evaluate capture efficiency, we determined the aspiration coefficient using plotted limiting trajectories of dust particles by solving equations of particle dynamics numerically in view of gravity and streamlining airflow patterns. In order to validate our estimate of the aspiration coefficient, we compared our findings with regularities identified by earlier researchers for a simpler problem of dust-air mixture approaching a circular exhaust opening. The following conditions were considered: the ratio of updraft velocity to the exhaust hood suction velocity varying between 0.01 and 0.5; the ratio of dust particle terminal velocity to the suction velocity varying between 0.000625 and 0.2; flange angle varying between 0° and 90°; and the ratio of flange length to the exhaust opening radius varying between 1 and 4. Using regularities discovered by us, exhaust hood designs can be tailored to a variety of application conditions in terms of dust release capture efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Logachev
- a Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov , Belgorod , Russia
| | - A M Ziganshin
- b Department of Thermal Power Engineering, Gas Supply and Ventilation Department, Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering , Kazan , Tatarstan , Russia
| | - O A Averkova
- a Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov , Belgorod , Russia
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Pei N, Cai L, Yang K, Ma J, Gong Y, Wang Q, Huang Z. Uniform magnetic targeting of magnetic particles attracted by a new ferromagnetic biological patch. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:98-107. [PMID: 29251353 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new non-toxic ferromagnetic biological patch (MBP) was designed in this paper. The MBP consisted of two external layers that were made of transparent silicone, and an internal layer that was made of a mixture of pure iron powder and silicon rubber. Finite-element analysis showed that the local inhomogeneous magnetic field (MF) around the MBP was generated when MBP was placed in a uniform MF. The local MF near the MBP varied with the uniform MF and shape of the MBP. Therefore, not only could the accumulation of paramagnetic particles be adjusted by controlling the strength of the uniform MF, but also the distribution of the paramagnetic particles could be improved with the different shape of the MBP. The relationship of the accumulation of paramagnetic particles or cells, magnetic flux density, and fluid velocity were studied through in vitro experiments and theoretical considerations. The accumulation of paramagnetic particles first increased with increment in the magnetic flux density of the uniform MF. But when the magnetic flux density of the uniform MF exceeded a specific value, the magnetic flux density of the MBP reached saturation, causing the accumulation of paramagnetic particles to fall. In addition, the adsorption morphology of magnetic particles or cells could be improved and the uniform distribution of magnetic particles could be achieved by changing the shape of the MBP. Also, MBP may be used as a new implant to attract magnetic drug carrier particles in magnetic drug targeting. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:98-107, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pei
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Cai
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Gong
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xing Z, Liu Y, Cai W, Huang X, Wu S, Lei Z. Efficiency of Trichome-Based Plant Defense in Phaseolus vulgaris Depends on Insect Behavior, Plant Ontogeny, and Structure. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2006. [PMID: 29225609 PMCID: PMC5705610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes often function as physical barriers in preventing arthropod feeding and oviposition. Even though insects are frequently reported being entrapped and killed by trichome traps, the actual trapping behavior has not yet been described in detail. Capture experiments showed that capture efficiency during the plant's vegetative stage was considerably higher than in the fruiting and cotyledon stages. The ventral surface of the leaf was more effective in trapping flies than other parts of the plant. Capture-events monitoring showed that the mouthparts, legs, and ovipositor of Liriomyza trifolii adults are the body parts involved in entrapment by surface trichomes on Phaseolus vulgaris plants, and subsequently, deter their ability to feed, walk, and oviposit. Of the three main body parts normally affected, mouthparts was found to be the body part most susceptible to the trichomes. Entrapments were most often caused by landing, followed by puncturing or feeding, and occasionally by walking or fighting. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, we determined the susceptible positions of each body part and found that the flies were all trapped by hooked trichomes. This study revealed the process by which leafminer flies are entrapped by surface trichomes of the host plant and evaluated the capture efficiency. The results will contribute to our understanding of physical defenses against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Xiong K, Wei W, Jin Y, Wang S, Zhao D, Wang S, Gao X, Qiao C, Yue H, Ma G, Xie HY. Biomimetic Immuno-Magnetosomes for High-Performance Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells. Adv Mater 2016; 28:7929-7935. [PMID: 27376951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomimetic immuno-magnetosome (IMS) is developed by coating a leukocyte membrane (decorated with anti-epithelial cell-adhesion molecule antibody) on a magnetic nanocluster. In addition to the good stability and magnetic controllability, the IMS also exhibits satisfactory binding avidity to circulating tumor cells but stealth property to leukocytes. As a result, rare tumor cells can be effectively enriched with undetectable leukocyte background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Jin
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chenmeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
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Pei N, Cheng X, Huang Z, Wang X, Yang K, Wang Y, Gong Y. Aggregation process of paramagnetic particles in fluid in the magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:323-30. [PMID: 27126920 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic targeting is a promising therapeutic strategy for localizing systemically delivered magnetic responsive drugs or cells to target tissue, but excessive aggregation of magnetic particles could result in vascular embolization. To analyze the reason for embolization, the attractive process of magnetic particles in magnetic field (MF) was studied in this paper by analyzing the form of the aggregated paramagnetic particles while the particle suspension flowed through a tube, which served as a model of blood vessels. The effects of magnetic flux density and fluid velocity on the formation of aggregated paramagnetic particles were investigated. The number of large aggregated clusters dramatically increased with increment in the magnetic flux density and decreased with increment in the fluid velocity. The analysis of accumulative process demonstrates the MF around initially attracted particles was focused, which induced the formation of clusters and increased the possibility of embolism. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:323-330, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pei
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Gong
- Physical Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Bonthoux F. Factors Affecting the Capture Efficiency of a Fume Extraction Torch for Gas Metal Arc Welding. Ann Occup Hyg 2016; 60:761-70. [PMID: 27074798 PMCID: PMC4915519 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mew016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Welding fumes are classified as Group 2B ‘possibly carcinogenic’ and this prompts to the implementation of local exhaust ventilation (LEV). The fume extraction torch with LEV integrated into the tool is the most attractive solution but its capture efficiency is often disappointing in practice. This study assesses the main parameters affecting fume capture efficiency namely the extraction flow rate, the positioning of the suction openings on the torch, the angle of inclination of the torch to the workpiece during welding, the metal transfer modes, and the welding deposition rate. The theoretical velocity induced by suction, estimated from the extraction flow rate and the position of the suction openings, is the main parameter affecting effectiveness of the device. This is the design parameter and its value should never be <0.25 m s−1. The angle of the torch relative to the workpiece also has a great deal of influence. To improve efficiency, work station layouts need to favour positions where the torch is held with angles closer to perpendicular (<15°). Welding with high deposition rates (>1.1g s−1) and spray transfer leads to low capture efficiency if induced velocities are <0.5 m s−1. The results of the study can be used in the design of integrated on-torch extraction systems and provide information for fixing system objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bonthoux
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 54519 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France
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Chen JK. Flow characteristics of an inclined air-curtain range hood in a draft. Ind Health 2015; 53:346-353. [PMID: 25810445 PMCID: PMC4551065 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The inclined air-curtain technology was applied to build an inclined air-curtain range hood. A draft generator was applied to affect the inclined air-curtain range hood in three directions: lateral (θ=0°), oblique (θ=45°), and front (θ=90°). The three suction flow rates provided by the inclined air-curtain range hood were 10.1, 10.9, and 12.6 m(3)/min. The laser-assisted flow visualization technique and the tracer-gas test method were used to investigate the performance of the range hood under the influence of a draft. The results show that the inclined air-curtain range hood has a strong ability to resist the negative effect of a front draft until the draft velocity is greater than 0.5 m/s. The oblique draft affected the containment ability of the inclined air-curtain range hood when the draft velocity was larger than 0.3 m/s. When the lateral draft effect was applied, the capture efficiency of the inclined air-curtain range hood decreased quickly in the draft velocity from 0.2 m/s to 0.3 m/s. However, the capture efficiencies of the inclined air-curtain range hood under the influence of the front draft were higher than those under the influence of the oblique draft from 0.3 m/s to 0.5 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kun Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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16
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Huang Z, Shen Y, Pei N, Sun A, Xu J, Song Y, Huang G, Sun X, Zhang S, Qin Q. The effect of nonuniform magnetic targeting of intracoronary-delivering mesenchymal stem cells on coronary embolisation. Biomaterials. 2013;34:9905-9916. [PMID: 24055521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic targeting has been recently introduced to enhance cell retention in animals with acute myocardial infarction. However, it is unclear whether the magnetic accumulation of intravascular cells increases the risk of coronary embolism. Upon finite element analysis, we found that the permanent magnetic field was nonuniform, manifestated as attenuation along the vertical axis and polarisation along the horizontal axis. In the in vitro experiments, iron-labelled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were accumulated in layers predominantly at the edge of the magnet. In an ischaemic rat model subjected to intracavitary MSCs injection, magnetic targeting induced unfavourable vascular embolisation and an inhomogeneous distribution of the donor cells, which prevented the enhanced cell retention from translating into additional functional benefit. These potential complications of magnetic targeting should be thoroughly investigated and overcome before clinical application.
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Huang YY, Hoshino K, Chen P, Wu CH, Lane N, Huebschman M, Liu H, Sokolov K, Uhr JW, Frenkel EP, Zhang X. Immunomagnetic nanoscreening of circulating tumor cells with a motion controlled microfluidic system. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 15:673-681. [PMID: 23109037 PMCID: PMC3584207 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining the power of immunomagnetic assay and microfluidic microchip operations, we successfully detected rare CTCs from clinical blood samples. The microfluidic system is operated in a flip-flop mode, where a computer-controlled rotational holder with an array of microfluidic chips inverts the microchannels. We have demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the direction of red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation with regards to the magnetic force required for cell separation is important for capture efficiency, throughput, and purity. The flip-flop operation reduces the stagnation of RBCs and non-specific binding on the capture surface by alternating the direction of the magnetic field with respect to gravity. The developed immunomagnetic microchip-based screening system exhibits high capture rates (more than 90%) for SkBr3, PC3, and Colo205 cell lines in spiked screening experiments and successfully isolates CTCs from patient blood samples. The proposed motion controlled microchip-based immunomagnetic system shows great promise as a clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712-0238, USA
| | - Kazunori Hoshino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712-0238, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712-0238, USA
| | - Chung-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712-0238, USA
| | - Nancy Lane
- Harold C. Simons Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX, 7390-852, USA
| | - Michael Huebschman
- Harold C. Simons Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX, 7390-852, USA
| | - Huaying Liu
- Harold C. Simons Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX, 7390-852, USA
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Uhr
- Harold C. Simons Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX, 7390-852, USA
| | - Eugene P. Frenkel
- Harold C. Simons Comprehensive Cancer Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX, 7390-852, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712-0238, USA
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Henry LM, Roitberg BD, Gillespie DR. Covariance of phenotypically plastic traits induces an adaptive shift in host selection behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:2893-9. [PMID: 17015365 PMCID: PMC1664631 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexibility in adult body size allows generalist parasitoids to use many host species at a cost of producing a range of adult sizes. Consequently, host selection behaviour must also maintain a level of flexibility as adult size is related to capture efficiency. In the present study, we investigated covariance of two plastic traits--size at pupation and host size selection behaviour-using Aphidius ervi reared on either Acyrthosiphon pisum or Aulacorthum solani, generating females of disparate sizes. Natal host was shown to change the ranking of perceived host quality with relation to host size. Parasitoids preferentially attacked hosts that corresponded to the size of the second instar of their natal host species. This resulted in optimal host selection behaviour when parasitoids were exposed to the same host species from which they emerged. Parasitoid size was positively correlated with host size preference, indicating that females use relative measurements when selecting suitable hosts. These coadapted gene complexes allow generalist parasitoids to effectively use multiple host species over several generations. However, the fixed nature of the behavioural response, within a parasitoid's lifetime, suggests that these traits may have evolved in a patchy host species environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Henry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 Canada.
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