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Ekstrand M, Widell E, Hammar A, Akyürek LM, Johansson M, Fagerberg B, Bergström G, Levin MC, Fogelstrand P, Borén J, Levin M. Depletion of ATP and glucose in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178877. [PMID: 28570702 PMCID: PMC5453577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Severe hypoxia develops close to the necrotic core of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, but the energy metabolic consequences of this hypoxia are not known. In animal models, plaque hypoxia is also associated with depletion of glucose and ATP. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote necrotic core expansion. To investigate if ATP depletion is present in human plaques, we analyzed the distribution of energy metabolites (ATP, glucose, glycogen and lactate) in intermediate and advanced human plaques. Approach and results Snap frozen carotid endarterectomies from 6 symptomatic patients were analyzed. Each endarterectomy included a large plaque ranging from the common carotid artery (CCA) to the internal carotid artery (ICA). ATP, glucose, and glycogen concentrations were lower in advanced (ICA) compared to intermediate plaques (CCA), whereas lactate concentrations were higher. The lowest concentrations of ATP, glucose and glycogen were detected in the perinecrotic zone of advanced plaques. Conclusions Our study demonstrates severe ATP depletion and glucose deficiency in the perinecrotic zone of human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. ATP depletion may impair healing of plaques and promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Ekstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Widell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Hammar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Levent M. Akyürek
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- Department of Pathology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C. Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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