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Eddy LH, Preston N, Boom S, Davison J, Brooks R, Bingham DD, Mon-Williams M, Hill LJB. The validity and reliability of school-based fundamental movement skills screening to identify children with motor difficulties. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297412. [PMID: 38359032 PMCID: PMC10868745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Assess whether school-based teacher-led screening is effective at identifying children with motor difficulties. METHODS Teachers tested 217 children aged between 5 and 11 years old, after a one hour training session, using a freely available tool (FUNMOVES). Four classes (n = 91) were scored by both researchers and teachers to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Researchers assessed 22 children using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2; considered to be the 'gold standard' in Europe for use as part of the diagnostic process for Developmental Coordination Disorder) to assess concurrent and predictive validity. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability for all individual activities within FUNMOVES ranged from 0.85-0.97 (unweighted Kappa; with 95%CI ranging from 0.77-1). For total score this was lower (κ = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.68-0.84), however when incorporating linear weighting, this improved (κ = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.89-0.99). When evaluating FUNMOVES total score against the MABC-2 total score, the specificity (1, 95%CI = 0.63-1) and positive predictive value (1; 95%CI = 0.68-1) of FUNMOVES were high, whereas sensitivity (0.57, 95%CI = 0.29-0.82) and negative predictive values (0.57, 95%CI = 0.42-0.71) were moderate. Evaluating only MABC-2 subscales which are directly related to fundamental movement skills (Aiming & Catching, and Balance) improved these values to 0.89 (95%CI = 0.52-1) and 0.93 (95%CI = 0.67-0.99) respectively. INTERPRETATION Teacher-led screening of fundamental movement skills (via FUNMOVES) is an effective method of identifying children with motor difficulties. Such universal screening in schools has the potential to identify movement difficulties and enable earlier intervention than the current norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H. Eddy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Preston
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Shania Boom
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Davison
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Brooks
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Bingham
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J. B. Hill
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Murray J, Baxter R, Lawton R, Hardicre N, Shannon R, Langley J, Partridge R, Moore S, O'Hara JK. Unpacking the Cinderella black box of complex intervention development through the Partners at Care Transitions (PACT) programme of research. Health Expect 2023. [PMID: 37186409 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex intervention development has been described as the 'Cinderella' black box in health services research. Greater transparency in the intervention development process is urgently needed to help reduce research waste. METHODS We applied a new consensus-based framework for complex intervention development to our programme of research, in which we developed an intervention to improve the safety and experience of care transitions for older people. Through this process, we aimed to reflect on the framework's utility for intervention development and identify any important gaps within it to support its continued development. FINDINGS The framework was a useful tool for transparent reporting of the process of complex intervention development. We identified potential 'action' gaps in the framework including 'consolidation of evidence' and 'development of principles' that could bracket and steer decision-making in the process. CONCLUSIONS We consider that the level of transparency demonstrated in this report, aided through use of the framework, is essential in the quest for reducing research waste. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION We have involved our dedicated patient and public involvement group in all work packages of this programme of research. Specifically, they attended and contributed to co-design workshops and contributed to finalizing the intervention for the pilot evaluation. Staff also participated by attending co-design workshops, helping us to prioritize content ideas for the intervention and supporting the development of intervention components outside of the workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Murray
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ruth Baxter
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - Natasha Hardicre
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Rosie Shannon
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Sally Moore
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jane K O'Hara
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Mooney KE, Prady SL, Barker MM, Pickett KE, Waterman AH. The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and children's working memory abilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260788. [PMID: 34855871 PMCID: PMC8639069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Working memory is an essential cognitive skill for storing and processing limited amounts of information over short time periods. Researchers disagree about the extent to which socioeconomic position affects children's working memory, yet no study has systematically synthesised the literature regarding this topic. The current review therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic position and working memory in children, regarding both the magnitude and the variability of the association. METHODS The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO and the PRISMA checklist was followed. Embase, Psycinfo and MEDLINE were comprehensively searched via Ovid from database inception until 3rd June 2021. Studies were screened by two reviewers at all stages. Studies were eligible if they included typically developing children aged 0-18 years old, with a quantitative association reported between any indicator of socioeconomic position and children's working memory task performance. Studies were synthesised using two data-synthesis methods: random effects meta-analyses and a Harvest plot. KEY FINDINGS The systematic review included 64 eligible studies with 37,737 individual children (aged 2 months to 18 years). Meta-analyses of 36 of these studies indicated that socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with significantly lower scores working memory measures; a finding that held across different working memory tasks, including those that predominantly tap into storage (d = 0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.62) as well as those that require processing of information (d = 0.52; 0.31 to 0.72). A Harvest plot of 28 studies ineligible for meta-analyses further confirmed these findings. Finally, meta-regression analyses revealed that the association between socioeconomic position and working memory was not moderated by task modality, risk of bias, socioeconomic indicator, mean age in years, or the type of effect size. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic review to investigate the association between socioeconomic position and working memory in children. Socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with lower working memory ability in children, and that this association was similar across different working memory tasks. Given the strong association between working memory, learning, and academic attainment, there is a clear need to share these findings with practitioners working with children, and investigate ways to support children with difficulties in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Mooney
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England
| | | | - Mary M. Barker
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, England
| | - Amanda H. Waterman
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, England
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Eddy LH, Bingham DD, Crossley KL, Shahid NF, Ellingham-Khan M, Otteslev A, Figueredo NS, Mon-Williams M, Hill LJB. The validity and reliability of observational assessment tools available to measure fundamental movement skills in school-age children: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237919. [PMID: 32841268 PMCID: PMC7447071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) play a critical role in ontogenesis. Many children have insufficient FMS, highlighting the need for universal screening in schools. There are many observational FMS assessment tools, but their psychometric properties are not readily accessible. A systematic review was therefore undertaken to compile evidence of the validity and reliability of observational FMS assessments, to evaluate their suitability for screening. METHODS A pre-search of 'fundamental movement skills' OR 'fundamental motor skills' in seven online databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, EBSCO SPORTDiscus, Ovid PsycINFO and Web of Science) identified 24 assessment tools for school-aged children that: (i) assess FMS; (ii) measure actual motor competence and (iii) evaluate performance on a standard battery of tasks. Studies were subsequently identified that: (a) used these tools; (b) quantified validity or reliability and (c) sampled school-aged children. Study quality was assessed using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklists. RESULTS Ninety studies were included following the screening of 1863 articles. Twenty-one assessment tools had limited or no evidence to support their psychometric properties. The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD, n = 34) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC, n = 37) were the most researched tools. Studies consistently reported good evidence for validity, reliability for the TGMD, whilst only 64% of studies reported similarly promising results for the MABC. Twelve studies found good evidence for the reliability and validity of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency but poor study quality appeared to inflate results. Considering all assessment tools, those with promising psychometric properties often measured limited aspects of validity/reliability, and/or had limited feasibility for large scale deployment in a school-setting. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence to justify the use of any observational FMS assessment tools for universal screening in schools, in their current form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H. Eddy
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty L. Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nishaat F. Shahid
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha Ellingham-Khan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ava Otteslev
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S. Figueredo
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | - Liam J. B. Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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