1
|
Aslaksen AK, Hoem ML, Vikesdal GH, Voie MT, Haugen OH, Skranes J. Children had increased risks of impaired motor and visual-motor skills after prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance therapy. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 38415880 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM Preschool children prenatally exposed to opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. We aimed to investigate long-term motor and visual-motor integration outcome in children aged 5-13 Years, born to mothers in OMT. METHODS From January 2018 to June 2021, 63 children prenatally exposed to OMT and 63 comparison children matched for age and gender, were examined at two Norwegian hospitals. Motor skills were assessed by the Movement-ABC test and visual-motor integration by the Beery VMI test. A motor function neurological assessment test was used to examine neuromotor soft signs. RESULTS In the OMT-exposed group, 16% had motor impairment, 35% had motor problems and 19% had visual-motor integration problems. Forty-three percent of the exposed children had neuromotor soft signs. Strabismus had some influence on motor and visual-motor outcomes but could not explain the group differences. CONCLUSION Children prenatally exposed to opioid maintenance therapy have an increased risk of long-term motor impairment and visual-motor problems. In addition, they exhibit significantly more neuromotor soft signs, which may affect general well-being, leisure activities and school performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathinka Aslaksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine K1, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gro Horgen Vikesdal
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | - Olav H Haugen
- Department of Clinical Medicine K1, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Skranes
- Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoel S, Moe K, Sugulle M, Petrovski G, Veiby NCBB, Staff AC. Retinal oximetry and microvascular assessment after hypertensive pregnancy complications. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38342958 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanisms behind this are not fully understood, but microvascular alterations have been documented in retinal arterioles and venules. The aim of this study was to use non-invasive retinal imaging to investigate the structural and functional properties of arterioles, venules and capillaries in this patient group. METHODS We examined 27 women with previous HDP and 23 controls at 3 years postpartum. The retinal microvasculature was assessed by vessel calibre measurements, retinal oximetry and optical coherence tomography angiography. Differences were analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regression analyses, adjusted for age and body mass index. RESULTS Median arteriolar oxygen saturation (SaO2 ; 94.2% vs. 93.0%), venular oxygen saturation (SvO2 ; 60.1% vs. 62.4%) and arteriovenous saturation difference (AV-difference; 32.8% vs. 32.3%) were similar across groups. Capillary vessel density (VD; 46.2% vs. 46.3%), skeletonised VD (VSD; 21.3 vs. 21.1 mm/mm2 ) and vessel diameter index (21.65 vs. 21.86) were also comparable. In the HDP group, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was positively correlated with AV-difference (R2 = 0.209) and negatively correlated with arteriolar diameter (CRAE; r2 = 0.382). CONCLUSIONS Structural microvascular alterations appear not to be key biomarkers for CVD risk after HDP as early as 3 years postpartum in otherwise healthy women. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether such changes occur later in life. MAP was associated with AV-difference only in the HDP group, suggesting specific mechanisms affecting functional microvascular properties in these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Hoel
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjartan Moe
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia
- UKLONetwork, University St. Kliment Ohridski-Bitola, Bitola, North Macedonia
| | - Nina Charlotte B B Veiby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brunes A, Hansen MB, Heir T. General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254043. [PMID: 34214108 PMCID: PMC8253439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about self-efficacy and its significance for the quality of life of people with visual impairment is lacking. The aims of the study were to compare general self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment with the general population, and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. METHODS A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in a probability sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of vision loss, general self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction). We obtained norm data from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population (N = 1792; mean age 53.2 years; 52.5% females). RESULTS People with visual impairment had higher levels of general self-efficacy than people in the general population (Mean: 31.5 versus 29.0, p < .001). Results from linear regression analyses of the visual impairment population showed that higher education and residential in an urban municipality were associated with higher self-efficacy. Having additional impairments and a previous history of physical or sexual assaults were associated with lower self-efficacy. A linear dose-response relationship was found between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, in the visual impairment population as well as in the general population. CONCLUSIONS People with visual impairment have higher self-efficacy than people in the general population, possibly due to extensive mastery experience in how to handle life as visually impaired. Self-efficacy seems to be important in achieving the best possible life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audun Brunes
- Section for Trauma, Catastrophes and Forced Migration—Adults and Elderly, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne B. Hansen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian National Unit for Hearing Impairment and Mental Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Section for Trauma, Catastrophes and Forced Migration—Adults and Elderly, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eidet JR, Jørstad ØK, Fostad IG, Olstad OK, Sørland RØ, Moe MC, Petrovski G, Pepaj M. Unilateral acute anterior uveitis is associated with ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome that involves the LXR/RXR pathway. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2020; 10:13. [PMID: 32458144 PMCID: PMC7250997 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-020-00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) induces ipsilateral changes in the tear fluid proteome. METHODS Five patients (25-77 years old) with unilateral AAU were included. Tear fluid samples were obtained using Schirmer's test strips. The healthy eye served as control. Proteins were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Two hundred forty-two tear fluid sample proteins were identified, of which 75 were present in at least three patients. Nine proteins were at least 1.5-fold increased, whereas eight were at least 1.5-fold decreased in tears from the diseased eye compared with the healthy eye. APOBEC3A was significantly increased (1.43-fold; P = 0.04), whereas TGM2 was significantly decreased (- 1.21-fold; P = 0.03) in tears from the diseased eye relative to the healthy eye. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified LXR/RXR (P < 1.02E-4) as a top canonical pathway. CONCLUSION Unilateral AAU induced detectable changes in the ipsilateral tear fluid proteome and involvement of the inflammation-associated LXR/RXR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Roger Eidet
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Fostad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- Blood Cell Research Group, Section for Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Ø Sørland
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten C Moe
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brunes A, Heir T. Social interactions, experiences with adverse life events and depressive symptoms in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:224. [PMID: 32398122 PMCID: PMC7216619 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the high rates of depression in people with visual impairment (VI) remains unclear. The study aimed to examine whether depressive symptoms in people with VI were associated with social isolation, perceived social support and lifetime exposure to bullying, physical abuse or sexual abuse. METHODS An anonymous telephone survey was conducted from January to May 2017 in an age-stratified sample of adults with VI who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about social isolation, perceived social support, and past experiences with bullying and abuse. Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We calculated unadjusted and full-adjusted exponentiated beta-values (Exp(β)) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using generalized linear models. RESULTS Overall, 736 (61%) adults participated in the study. The mean depression scores were 5.24 (SD: 5.3, range: 0-27), 4.61 for men and 5.77 for women. Results from the full-adjusted model showed higher levels of depressive symptoms among participants who reported social isolation (Exp(β): 1.89, 95% CI: 1.63-2.20), lower levels of perceived social support (Exp(β): 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31-1.83), and past experiences of abuse (Exp(β): 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17-1.70). The strength of the associations between past exposure to bullying or abuse and depressive symptoms was similar for those with low and high levels of support. CONCLUSION Social isolation, perceived support and experiences of adverse events appear to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. Thus, social integration may be appropriate for the promotion of mental health among people with VI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audun Brunes
- Section for Trauma, Catastrophes and Forced Migration - Adults and Elderly, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, PB 181 Nydalen, Oslo, NO-0409 Norway
| | - Trond Heir
- Section for Trauma, Catastrophes and Forced Migration - Adults and Elderly, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, PB 181 Nydalen, Oslo, NO-0409 Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1171 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0318 Norway
| |
Collapse
|