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Wan W, Zhang L, Pruitt R, Zaidem M, Brugman R, Ma X, Krol E, Perraki A, Kilian J, Grossmann G, Stahl M, Shan L, Zipfel C, van Kan JAL, Hedrich R, Weigel D, Gust AA, Nürnberger T. Comparing Arabidopsis receptor kinase and receptor protein-mediated immune signaling reveals BIK1-dependent differences. New Phytol 2019; 221:2080-2095. [PMID: 30252144 PMCID: PMC6367016 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense microbial patterns and activate innate immunity against attempted microbial invasions. The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RK) FLS2 and EFR, and the LRR receptor protein (LRR-RP) receptors RLP23 and RLP42, respectively, represent prototypical members of these two prominent and closely related PRR families. We conducted a survey of Arabidopsis thaliana immune signaling mediated by these receptors to address the question of commonalities and differences between LRR-RK and LRR-RP signaling. Quantitative differences in timing and amplitude were observed for several early immune responses, with RP-mediated responses typically being slower and more prolonged than those mediated by RKs. Activation of RLP23, but not FLS2, induced the production of camalexin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that RLP23-regulated genes represent only a fraction of those genes differentially expressed upon FLS2 activation. Several positive and negative regulators of FLS2-signaling play similar roles in RLP23 signaling. Intriguingly, the cytoplasmic receptor kinase BIK1, a positive regulator of RK signaling, acts as a negative regulator of RP-type immune receptors in a manner dependent on BIK1 kinase activity. Our study unveiled unexpected differences in two closely related receptor systems and reports a new negative role of BIK1 in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Lin Wan
- Department of Plant BiochemistryCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Plant BiochemistryCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Rory Pruitt
- Department of Plant BiochemistryCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Maricris Zaidem
- Department of Molecular BiologyMax‐Planck‐Institute for Developmental BiologyMax‐Planck‐Str. 5D‐72076TübingenGermany
- Center for Genomics & Systems BiologyNew York University12 Waverly PlaceNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Rik Brugman
- Centre for Organismal Studies & Excellence Cluster Cell NetworksHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 23069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Xiyu Ma
- Institute for Plant Genomics & BiotechnologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Elzbieta Krol
- Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius Maximilians University WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 297082WürzburgGermany
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of BiologyMaria Curie‐Skłodowska UniversityAkademicka 1920‐033LublinPoland
| | - Artemis Perraki
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Joachim Kilian
- Analytics UnitCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies & Excellence Cluster Cell NetworksHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 23069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Mark Stahl
- Analytics UnitCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Libo Shan
- Institute for Plant Genomics & BiotechnologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843USA
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Jan A. L. van Kan
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius Maximilians University WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 297082WürzburgGermany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular BiologyMax‐Planck‐Institute for Developmental BiologyMax‐Planck‐Str. 5D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Andrea A. Gust
- Department of Plant BiochemistryCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant BiochemistryCentre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls University TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 32D‐72076TübingenGermany
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
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Cao FY, DeFalco TA, Moeder W, Li B, Gong Y, Liu XM, Taniguchi M, Lumba S, Toh S, Shan L, Ellis B, Desveaux D, Yoshioka K. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 8 (ERF8) has dual functions in ABA signaling and immunity. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 30261844 PMCID: PMC6161326 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) 8 is a member of one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) superfamily. Members of this superfamily have been implicated in a wide variety of processes such as development and environmental stress responses. RESULTS In this study we demonstrated that ERF8 is involved in both ABA and immune signaling. ERF8 overexpression induced programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. This PCD was salicylic acid (SA)-independent, suggesting that ERF8 acts downstream or independent of SA. ERF8-induced PCD was abolished by mutations within the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, indicating ERF8 induces cell death through its transcriptional repression activity. Two immunity-related mitogen-activated protein kinases, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) and MPK11, were identified as ERF8-interacting proteins and directly phosphorylated ERF8 in vitro. Four putative MPK phosphorylation sites were identified in ERF8, one of which (Ser103) was determined to be the predominantly phosphorylated residue in vitro, while mutation of all four putative phosphorylation sites partially suppressed ERF8-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and pathogen growth assays confirmed a positive role of ERF8 in mediating immunity, as ERF8 knockdown or overexpression lines conferred compromised or enhanced resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Together these data reveal that the ABA-inducible transcriptional repressor ERF8 has dual roles in ABA signaling and pathogen defense, and further highlight the complex influence of ABA on plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi Cao
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Thomas A. DeFalco
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Yunchen Gong
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Masatoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Kyoto Research Laboratories, YMC CO., LTD., 59 Yonnotsubo-cho Iwakuraminami, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0033 Japan
| | - Shelley Lumba
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Brian Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Darrell Desveaux
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2 Canada
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