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Lu D, Yang W, Zhang R, Li Y, Cheng T, Liao Y, Chen L, Liu H. Clinical Characteristics and Immune Responses in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia during Pneumonia Episodes: A Case-Control Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1727. [PMID: 38002818 PMCID: PMC10670724 DOI: 10.3390/children10111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the clinical features and immune responses of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) during pneumonia episodes. METHODS The 61 children with PCD who were admitted to hospital because of pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled into this study between April 2017 and August 2022. A total of 61 children with pneumonia but without chronic diseases were enrolled as the control group. The clinical characteristics, levels of inflammatory indicators, pathogens, and imaging features of the lungs were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The PCD group had higher levels of lymphocytes (42.80% versus 36.00%, p = 0.029) and eosinophils (2.40% versus 1.25%, p = 0.020), but lower neutrophil counts (3.99 versus 5.75 × 109/L, p = 0.011), percentages of neutrophils (46.39% versus 54.24%, p = 0.014), CRP (0.40 versus 4.20 mg/L, p < 0.001) and fibrinogen (257.50 versus 338.00 mg/dL, p = 0.010) levels. Children with PCD and children without chronic diseases were both most commonly infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (24.6% versus 51.9%). Children with PCD had significantly more common imaging features, including mucous plugging (p = 0.042), emphysema (p = 0.007), bronchiectasis (p < 0.001), mosaic attenuation (p = 0.012), interstitial inflammation (p = 0.015), and sinusitis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION PCD is linked to immune system impairment, which significantly contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Lu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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