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Fan Z, Song W, Yang N, Lou C, Tian R, Hua W, Tang M, Du F. Insights into the Phase Purity and Storage Mechanism of Nonstoichiometric Na 3.4 Fe 2.4 (PO 4 ) 1.4 P 2 O 7 Cathode for High-Mass-Loading and High-Power-Density Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316957. [PMID: 38168896 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-anion-group Fe-based phosphate materials, such as Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 P2 O7 , have emerged as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the synthesis of pure-phase material has remained a challenge, and the phase evolution during sodium (de)intercalation is debating as well. Herein, a solid-solution strategy is proposed to partition Na4 Fe3 (PO4 )2 P2 O7 into 2NaFePO4 ⋅ Na2 FeP2 O7 from the angle of molecular composition. Via regulating the starting ratio of NaFePO4 and Na2 FeP2 O7 during the synthesis process, the nonstoichiometric pure-phase material could be successfully synthesized within a narrow NaFePO4 content between 1.6 and 1.2. Furthermore, the proposed synthesis strategy demonstrates strong applicability that helps to address the impurity issue of Na4 Co3 (PO4 )2 P2 O7 and nonstoichiometric Na3.4 Co2.4 (PO4 )1.4 P2 O7 are evidenced to be the pure phase. The model Na3.4 Fe2.4 (PO4 )1.4 P2 O7 cathode (the content of NaFePO4 equals 1.4) demonstrates exceptional sodium storage performances, including ultrahigh rate capability under 100 C and ultralong cycle life over 14000 cycles. Furthermore, combined measurements of ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance, in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy clearly reveal a two-phase transition during Na+ extraction/insertion, which provides a new insight into the ionic storage process for such kind of mixed-anion-group Fe-based phosphate materials and pave the way for the development of high-power sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wande Song
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chenjie Lou
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Hua
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fei Du
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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