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Björkman K, Valkama M, Bruun E, Pätsi P, Kulmala P, Tulppo MP, Leskinen M, Ojaniemi M. Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Preterm-Born Young Adults and Association with Vitamin D: A Wearable Device Assessment. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7504. [PMID: 38137574 PMCID: PMC10743414 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prematurity has been associated with impaired parasympathetic cardiac regulation later in life. Changes in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate a risk for future cardiac dysfunction. The putative role of Vitamin D on cardiac autonomic function in individuals born preterm (PT) remains unknown. This study involves monitoring autonomic cardiac regulation and Vitamin D concentrations in 30 PT and 16 full-term (FT) young adults in a free-living context. The PT subjects were born between 1994 and 1997 at Oulu University Hospital. The inclusion criteria were (1) being born ≤ 32 gestation weeks or (2) being born < 34 gestation weeks with a birth weight under 1500 g. Participants wore an Oura ring sleep tracer, a smart ring device, for 2 weeks to monitor cardiac autonomic function. Parameters related to autonomic cardiac regulation, lowest nighttime resting HR, and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) to describe HRV were collected. PT males exhibited a tendency toward lower RMSSD (71.8 ± 22.6) compared to FT males (95.63 ± 29.0; p = 0.10). Female participants had a similar mean RMSSD in the FT and PT groups at 72.04 ± 33.2 and 74.0 ± 35.0, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration did not correlate with cardiac autonomic function parameters. When assessing the lowest resting nighttime HRs and HRVs in a long-term, real-world context, healthy female PT young adults performed similarly to their FT peers. In contrast, the present study's results suggest that male PT young adults exhibit impaired autonomic cardiac function, potentially putting them at risk for cardiovascular disease later in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Björkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Marita Valkama
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Ella Bruun
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Pauli Pätsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Petri Kulmala
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko P. Tulppo
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Leskinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Pohde, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
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