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Carabajo-Hidalgo A, Sabaté S, Crespo P, Asbjornsen H. Brief windows with more favorable atmospheric conditions explain patterns of Polylepis reticulata tree water use in a high-altitude Andean forest. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:2085-2097. [PMID: 37672256 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Polylepis trees occur throughout the Andean mountain region, and it is the tree genus that grows at the highest elevation worldwide. In the humid Andes where moisture is rarely limiting, Polylepis trees must adapt to extreme environmental conditions, especially rapid fluctuations in temperature, ultraviolet radiation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). However, Polylepis' water-use patterns remain largely unknown despite the importance of understanding their response to microclimate variation to determine their capacity to maintain resilience under future environmental change. We conducted a study in a Polylepis reticulata Kunth forest in the Ecuadorian Andes to evaluate its tree water-use dynamics and to identify the main environmental drivers of transpiration. Tree sap flow was monitored simultaneously with soil volumetric water content (VWC) and microclimate during 2 years for trees growing in forest edge and interior locations. We found that sap flow was primarily controlled by VPD and that VWC exerted a secondary role in driving sap flow dynamics. The highest values for sap flow rates were found when VPD > 0.15 kPa and VCW < 0.73 cm3 cm-3, but these threshold conditions only occurred during brief periods of time and were only found in 11% of our measurements. Moreover, these brief windows of more favorable conditions occurred more frequently in forest edge compared with forest interior locations, resulting in edge trees maintaining 46% higher sap flow compared with interior trees. Our results also suggest that P. reticulata has a low stomatal control of transpiration, as the sap flow did not decline with increasing VPD. This research provides valuable information about the potential impacts of projected future increases in VPD due to climate change on P. reticulata water-use dynamics, which include higher sap flow rates leading to greater transpirational water loss due to this species' poor stomatal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldemar Carabajo-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Campus Balzay, Víctor Manuel Albornoz y los Cerezos s/n, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Santiago Sabaté
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CREAF (Centre de Recerca i Aplicacions Forestals), Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C., Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Patricio Crespo
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Campus Balzay, Víctor Manuel Albornoz y los Cerezos s/n, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | - Heidi Asbjornsen
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment and Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 114 James Hall, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Blumstein DM, MacManes MD. When the tap runs dry: the physiological effects of acute experimental dehydration in Peromyscus eremicus. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246386. [PMID: 37921453 PMCID: PMC10714145 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Desert organisms have evolved physiological, biochemical and genomic mechanisms to survive the extreme aridity of desert environments. Studying desert-adapted species provides a unique opportunity to investigate the survival strategies employed by organisms in some of the harshest habitats on Earth. Two of the primary challenges faced in desert environments are maintaining water balance and thermoregulation. We collected data in a simulated desert environment and a captive colony of cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus) and used lab-based experiments with real time physiological measurements; energy expenditure, water loss rate and respiratory exchange rate, to characterize the response to water deprivation. Mice without access to water had significantly lower energy expenditures and in turn, reduced water loss compared to mice with access to water after the first 24 h of the experiment. Additionally, we observed significant mass loss that is probably due to dehydration-associated anorexia a response to limit fluid loss by reducing waste and the solute load as well as allowing water reabsorption from the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we observed body temperature correlated with sex, with males without access to water maintaining body temperature when compared with hydrated males, whereas body temperature decreased for females without access to water, suggesting daily metabolic depression in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Blumstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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He L, Wang J, Ciais P, Ballantyne A, Yu K, Zhang W, Xiao J, Ritter F, Liu Z, Wang X, Li X, Peng S, Ma C, Zhou C, Li ZL, Xie Y, Ye JS. Non-symmetric responses of leaf onset date to natural warming and cooling in northern ecosystems. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad308. [PMID: 37780232 PMCID: PMC10538477 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The northern hemisphere has experienced regional cooling, especially during the global warming hiatus (1998-2012) due to ocean energy redistribution. However, the lack of studies about the natural cooling effects hampers our understanding of vegetation responses to climate change. Using 15,125 ground phenological time series at 3,620 sites since the 1950s and 31-year satellite greenness observations (1982-2012) covering the warming hiatus period, we show a stronger response of leaf onset date (LOD) to natural cooling than to warming, i.e. the delay of LOD caused by 1°C cooling is larger than the advance of LOD with 1°C warming. This might be because cooling leads to larger chilling accumulation and heating requirements for leaf onset, but this non-symmetric LOD response is partially offset by warming-related drying. Moreover, spring greening magnitude, in terms of satellite-based greenness and productivity, is more sensitive to LOD changes in the warming area than in the cooling. These results highlight the importance of considering non-symmetric responses of spring greening to warming and cooling when predicting vegetation-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l′Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l′Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l′Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - François Ritter
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l′Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d′Ornon 33140, France
| | - Shouzhang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Changhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenghu Zhou
- Center for Ocean Remote Sensing of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Romero-Olivares AL, Frey SD, Treseder KK. Tracking fungal species-level responses in soil environments exposed to long-term warming and associated drying. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad128. [PMID: 38059856 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is affecting fungal communities and their function in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite making progress in the understanding of how the fungal community responds to global change drivers in natural ecosystems, little is known on how fungi respond at the species level. Understanding how fungal species respond to global change drivers, such as warming, is critical, as it could reveal adaptation pathways to help us to better understand ecosystem functioning in response to global change. Here, we present a model study to track species-level responses of fungi to warming-and associated drying-in a decade-long global change field experiment; we focused on two free-living saprotrophic fungi which were found in high abundance in our site, Mortierella and Penicillium. Using microbiological isolation techniques, combined with whole genome sequencing of fungal isolates, and community level metatranscriptomics, we investigated transcription-level differences of functional categories and specific genes involved in catabolic processes, cell homeostasis, cell morphogenesis, DNA regulation and organization, and protein biosynthesis. We found that transcription-level responses were mostly species-specific but that under warming, both fungi consistently invested in the transcription of critical genes involved in catabolic processes, cell morphogenesis, and protein biosynthesis, likely allowing them to withstand a decade of chronic stress. Overall, our work supports the idea that fungi that invest in maintaining their catabolic rates and processes while growing and protecting their cells may survive under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serita D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Unites States
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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Abstract
Fungi are mediators of the nitrogen and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Examining how nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition potential differs in fungi can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving fungal ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we assessed the frequency of genes encoding for specific enzymes that facilitate nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition in 879 fungal genomes with fungal taxa grouped into trait-based categories. Our linked gene-trait data approach revealed that gene frequencies vary across and within trait-based groups and that trait-based categories differ in trait space. We present two examples of how this linked gene-trait approach can be used to address ecological questions. First, we show that this type of approach can help us better understand, and potentially predict, how fungi will respond to environmental stress. Specifically, we found that trait-based categories with high nitrogen uptake gene frequency increased in relative abundance when exposed to high soil nitrogen enrichment. Second, by comparing frequencies of nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition genes, we found that most ectomycorrhizal fungi in our dataset have similar gene frequencies to brown rot fungi. This demonstrates that gene-trait data approaches can shed light on potential evolutionary trajectories of life history traits in fungi. We present a framework for exploring nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition gene frequencies in fungal trait-based groups and provide two concise examples on how to use our framework to address ecological questions from a mechanistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Romero-Olivares
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88001, USA.
| | - E W Morrison
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - A Pringle
- Department of Botany and Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - S D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
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McKown JG, Moore GE, Payne AR, White NA, Gibson JL. Successional dynamics of a 35 year old freshwater mitigation wetland in southeastern New Hampshire. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251748. [PMID: 33999932 PMCID: PMC8128273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term ecological success of compensatory freshwater wetland projects has come into question based on follow-up monitoring studies over the past few decades. Given that wetland restoration may require many years to decades to converge to desired outcomes, long-term monitoring of successional patterns may increase our ability to fully evaluate success of wetland mitigation projects or guide adaptive management when needed. In Portsmouth, New Hampshire a 4 ha wetland was constructed in an abandoned gravel quarry as off-site compensatory mitigation for impacts to a scrub-shrub swamp associated with property expansion. Building upon prior evaluations from 1992 and 2002, we conducted a floral survey in 2020 to compare results with prior surveys to document vegetation successional trends over time. In addition, we monitored the avian community throughout the growing season as a measure of habitat quality. The plant community mirrored documented successional trends of freshwater wetland restoration projects as native hydrophytes dominated species composition. Plant species composition stabilized as the rate of turnover, the measurement of succession, declined by nearly half after 17 years. Researchers should consider long-term monitoring of specific sites to better understand successional patterns of created wetlands as we documented long time frames required for the development of scrub-shrub swamps, red maple swamps, and sedge meadows. High species richness was attributed to beaver activity, topographic heterogeneity from Carex stricta tussocks, and the seed bank from the application of peat from the original wetland. Habitat heterogeneity of open water, herbaceous cover, and woody vegetation supports a diverse avian community including 11 wetland dependent species. Although the mitigation project has not created the full area of lost scrub-shrub swamp after 35 years, it has developed a structurally complex habitat and diverse avian community that effectively provides the functions and values of the impacted system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Grant McKown
- Department of Biological Sciences and Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Gregg E. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences and Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Payne
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, & Environmental Sciences, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natalie A. White
- Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Meier SK, Ray KL, Waller NC, Gendron BC, Aytur SA, Robin DA. Network Analysis of Induced Neural Plasticity Post-Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. Brain Sci 2020; 11:E10. [PMID: 33374858 PMCID: PMC7823706 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a costly and prevalent condition that affects the lives of over 50 million individuals in the United States. Chronic pain leads to functional brain changes in those suffering from the condition. Not only does the primary pain network transform as the condition changes from acute to persistent pain, a state of hyper-connectivity also exists between the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks. Graph theory analysis has recently been used to investigate treatment-driven brain network changes. For example, current research suggests that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may reduce the chronic pain associated hyper-connectivity between the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks, as well as within the salience network. This study extended previous work by examining the associations between the three networks above and a meta-analytically derived pain network. Results indicate decreased connectivity within the pain network (including left putamen, right insula, left insula, and right thalamus) in addition to triple network connectivity changes after the four-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Meier
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (N.C.W.); (D.A.R.)
| | - Kimberly L. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Noah C. Waller
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (N.C.W.); (D.A.R.)
| | | | - Semra A. Aytur
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Donald A. Robin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (N.C.W.); (D.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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