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Cespedes-Gonzalez A, Osuna-Mascaro AJ, O'Hara M, Roessler T, Hanon L, Auersperg AMI. The effect of four different object properties on latency to approach in Goffin's cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 2024; 50:131-143. [PMID: 38421791 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neophobia and neophilia can be lifesaving as they can facilitate foraging while avoiding predation or intoxication. We investigated the extent to which Goffin's cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) exhibit ecollogically relevant and quantifiable neophobic responses toward specific object properties. Twelve cockatoos were presented with 12 novel objects grouped into four distinct categories with unique features: size, color, reflective capacity, and shape. The cockatoos were tested by measuring their latency to approach a high-quality food reward for both novel and control scenarios. Age and sex did not affect the latency to approach food in the presence of a novel object in this species. Additionally, we found no significant differences between the objects of the reflective and color categories. This result is likely due to the plasticity of neophobic behavior related to the benefits and costs of approaching novel stimuli. The cockatoos were significantly slower to approach food in the presence of objects larger than their body size than objects of a similar or smaller size, a phenomenon possibly explained by the increased risk of approaching unknown objects large enough to be a potential predator. They were also significantly more hesitant to approach food in the presence of elongated objects, a phenomenon potentially explained by an ecologically relevant avoidance of snakes. The extent of this neophobia was statistically similar at a group level, indicating that avoidance of elongated and large objects could be an adaptive response aiding survival under natural circumstances and that snakes may impose strong selective pressures on this species. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark O'Hara
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
| | - Theresa Roessler
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
| | - Leo Hanon
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
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2
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Bugnyar T. Why are ravens smart? Exploring the social intelligence hypothesis. J Ornithol 2023; 165:15-26. [PMID: 38225936 PMCID: PMC10787684 DOI: 10.1007/s10336-023-02111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ravens and other corvids are renowned for their 'intelligence'. For long, this reputation has been based primarily on anecdotes but in the last decades experimental evidence for impressive cognitive skills has accumulated within and across species. While we begin to understand the building blocks of corvid cognition, the question remains why these birds have evolved such skills. Focusing on Northern Ravens Corvus corax, I here try to tackle this question by relating current hypotheses on brain evolution to recent empirical data on challenges faced in the birds' daily life. Results show that foraging ravens meet several assumptions for applying social intelligence: (1) they meet repeatedly at foraging sites, albeit individuals have different site preferences and vary in grouping dynamics; (1) foraging groups are structured by dominance rank hierarchies and social bonds; (3) individual ravens memorize former group members and their relationship valence over years, deduce third-party relationships and use their social knowledge in daily life by supporting others in conflicts and intervening in others' affiliations. Hence, ravens' socio-cognitive skills may be strongly shaped by the 'complex' social environment experienced as non-breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, Core Faculty for Behavior and Cognition, University of Vienna, Fischerau 13, 4645 Grünau im Almtal, Austria
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3
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Lasser J, Zuber J, Sorger J, Dervic E, Ledebur K, Lindner SD, Klager E, Kletečka-Pulker M, Willschke H, Stangl K, Stadtmann S, Haslinger C, Klimek P, Wochele-Thoma T. Agent-based simulations for protecting nursing homes with prevention and vaccination strategies. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210608. [PMID: 34932931 PMCID: PMC8692030 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high lethality among older people, the safety of nursing homes has been of central importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. With test procedures and vaccines becoming available at scale, nursing homes might relax prohibitory measures while controlling the spread of infections. By control we mean that each index case infects less than one other person on average. Here, we develop an agent-based epidemiological model for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 calibrated to Austrian nursing homes to identify optimal prevention strategies. We find that the effectiveness of mitigation testing depends critically on test turnover time (time until test result), the detection threshold of tests and mitigation testing frequencies. Under realistic conditions and in absence of vaccinations, we find that mitigation testing of employees only might be sufficient to control outbreaks if tests have low turnover times and detection thresholds. If vaccines that are 60% effective against high viral load and transmission are available, control is achieved if 80% or more of the residents are vaccinated, even without mitigation testing and if residents are allowed to have visitors. Since these results strongly depend on vaccine efficacy against infection, retention of testing infrastructures, regular testing and sequencing of virus genomes is advised to enable early identification of new variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lasser
- Institute for Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Steierermark, Austria
- Institute for Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Elma Dervic
- Medical University Vienna, Section for Science of Complex Systems, Wien, Austria
| | - Katharina Ledebur
- Medical University Vienna, Section for Science of Complex Systems, Wien, Austria
| | - Simon David Lindner
- Medical University Vienna, Section for Science of Complex Systems, Wien, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletečka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
- University Vienna, Institut für Ethik und Recht in der Medizin, Wien, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Peter Klimek
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Wien, Austria
- Medical University Vienna, Section for Science of Complex Systems, Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Wochele-Thoma
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Vienna, Austria
- Caritas Erzdiözese Wien, Wien, Austria
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4
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Laumer IB, Massen JJM, Boehm PM, Boehm A, Geisler A, Auersperg AMI. Individual Goffin´s cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) show flexible targeted helping in a tool transfer task. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253416. [PMID: 34185776 PMCID: PMC8241052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible targeted helping is considered an advanced form of prosocial behavior in hominoids, as it requires the actor to assess different situations that a conspecific may be in, and to subsequently flexibly satisfy different needs of that partner depending on the nature of those situations. So far, apart from humans such behaviour has only been experimentally shown in chimpanzees and in Eurasian jays. Recent studies highlight the prosocial tendencies of several bird species, yet flexible targeted helping remained untested, largely due to methodological issues as such tasks are generally designed around tool-use, and very few bird species are capable of tool-use. Here, we tested Goffin's cockatoos, which proved to be skilled tool innovators in captivity, in a tool transfer task in which an actor had access to four different objects/tools and a partner to one of two different apparatuses that each required one of these tools to retrieve a reward. As expected from this species, we recorded playful object transfers across all conditions. Yet, importantly and similar to apes, three out of eight birds transferred the correct tool more often in the test condition than in a condition that also featured an apparatus but no partner. Furthermore, one of these birds transferred that correct tool first more often before transferring any other object in the test condition than in the no-partner condition, while the other two cockatoos were marginally non-significantly more likely to do so. Additionally, there was no difference in the likelihood of the correct tool being transferred first for either of the two apparatuses, suggesting that these birds flexibly adjusted what to transfer based on their partner´s need. Future studies should focus on explanations for the intra-specific variation of this behaviour, and should test other parrots and other large-brained birds to see how this can be generalized across the class and to investigate the evolutionary history of this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. B. Laumer
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - J. J. M. Massen
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P. M. Boehm
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Boehm
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Geisler
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. M. I. Auersperg
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Bétermin L. Effect of Periodic Arrays of Defects on Lattice Energy Minimizers. Ann Henri Poincare 2021; 22:2995-3023. [PMID: 34720697 PMCID: PMC8550119 DOI: 10.1007/s00023-021-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We consider interaction energies E f [ L ] between a point O ∈ R d , d ≥ 2 , and a lattice L containing O, where the interaction potential f is assumed to be radially symmetric and decaying sufficiently fast at infinity. We investigate the conservation of optimality results for E f when integer sublattices kL are removed (periodic arrays of vacancies) or substituted (periodic arrays of substitutional defects). We consider separately the non-shifted ( O ∈ k L ) and shifted ( O ∉ k L ) cases and we derive several general conditions ensuring the (non-)optimality of a universal optimizer among lattices for the new energy including defects. Furthermore, in the case of inverse power laws and Lennard-Jones-type potentials, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on non-shifted periodic vacancies or substitutional defects for the conservation of minimality results at fixed density. Different examples of applications are presented, including optimality results for the Kagome lattice and energy comparisons of certain ionic-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bétermin
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Chen J, Grottke S. Small one-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles. Soc Choice Welfare 2021; 57:117-144. [PMID: 34720285 PMCID: PMC8550064 DOI: 10.1007/s00355-020-01301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We characterize one-dimensional Euclidean preference profiles with a small number of alternatives and voters. We show that every single-peaked preference profile with two voters is one-dimensional Euclidean, and that every preference profile with up to five alternatives is one-dimensional Euclidean if and only if it is both single-peaked and single-crossing. By the work of Chen et al. (Social Choice and Welfare 48(2):409-432, 2017), we thus obtain that the smallest single-peaked and single-crossing preference profiles that are not one-dimensional Euclidean consist of three voters and six alternatives.
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Laumer IB, Jelbert SA, Taylor AH, Rössler T, Auersperg AMI. Object manufacture based on a memorized template: Goffin's cockatoos attend to different model features. Anim Cogn 2020; 24:457-470. [PMID: 33113033 PMCID: PMC8128754 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although several nonhuman animals have the ability to recognize and match templates in computerized tasks, we know little about their ability to recall and then physically manufacture specific features of mental templates. Across three experiments, Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana), a species that can use tools in captivity, were exposed to two pre-made template objects, varying in either colour, size (long or short) or shape (I or L-shaped), where only one template was rewarded. Birds were then given the opportunity to manufacture versions of these objects themselves. We found that all birds carved paper strips from the same colour material as the rewarded template, and half were also able to match the size of a template (long and short). This occurred despite the template being absent at test and birds being rewarded at random. However, we found no evidence that cockatoos could carve L-shaped pieces after learning that L-shaped templates were rewarded, though their manufactured strips were wider than in previous tests. Overall, our results show that Goffin cockatoos possess the ability to physically adjust at least the size dimension of manufactured objects relative to a mental template. This ability has previously only been shown in New Caledonian crows, where template matching was suggested as a potential mechanism allowing for the cumulative cultural transmission of tool designs. Our results show that within avian tool users, the ability to recreate a physical template from memory does not seem to be restricted to species that have cumulative tool cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Laumer
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, 375 Portola Plaza, 341 Haines Hall, Box 951553, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - S A Jelbert
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - A H Taylor
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Rössler
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine (other partner institutions: University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna), Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - A M I Auersperg
- Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine (other partner institutions: University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna), Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Davoli E, Scarpa L, Trussardi L. Nonlocal-to-Local Convergence of Cahn-Hilliard Equations: Neumann Boundary Conditions and Viscosity Terms. Arch Ration Mech Anal 2020; 239:117-149. [PMID: 33487635 PMCID: PMC7801363 DOI: 10.1007/s00205-020-01573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider a class of nonlocal viscous Cahn-Hilliard equations with Neumann boundary conditions for the chemical potential. The double-well potential is allowed to be singular (e.g. of logarithmic type), while the singularity of the convolution kernel does not fall in any available existence theory under Neumann boundary conditions. We prove well-posedness for the nonlocal equation in a suitable variational sense. Secondly, we show that the solutions to the nonlocal equation converge to the corresponding solutions to the local equation, as the convolution kernels approximate a Dirac delta. The asymptotic behaviour is analyzed by means of monotone analysis and Gamma convergence results, both when the limiting local Cahn-Hilliard equation is of viscous type and of pure type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Davoli
- Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Scarpa
- Institut für Mathematik, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Trussardi
- Institut für Mathematik, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Vlachos C, Burny C, Pelizzola M, Borges R, Futschik A, Kofler R, Schlötterer C. Benchmarking software tools for detecting and quantifying selection in evolve and resequencing studies. Genome Biol 2019; 20:169. [PMID: 31416462 PMCID: PMC6694636 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of experimental evolution with whole-genome resequencing of pooled individuals, also called evolve and resequence (E&R) is a powerful approach to study the selection processes and to infer the architecture of adaptive variation. Given the large potential of this method, a range of software tools were developed to identify selected SNPs and to measure their selection coefficients. RESULTS In this benchmarking study, we compare 15 test statistics implemented in 10 software tools using three different scenarios. We demonstrate that the power of the methods differs among the scenarios, but some consistently outperform others. LRT-1, CLEAR, and the CMH test perform best despite LRT-1 and the CMH test not requiring time series data. CLEAR provides the most accurate estimates of selection coefficients. CONCLUSION This benchmark study will not only facilitate the analysis of already existing data, but also affect the design of future data collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vlachos
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Burny
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Pelizzola
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Borges
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria
| | - Andreas Futschik
- Institute of Applied Statistics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Plattform Bioinformatik und Biostatistik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria
| | - Robert Kofler
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria.
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Wien, 1210, Austria.
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Zess EK, Jensen C, Cruz-Mireles N, De la Concepcion JC, Sklenar J, Stephani M, Imre R, Roitinger E, Hughes R, Belhaj K, Mechtler K, Menke FLH, Bozkurt T, Banfield MJ, Kamoun S, Maqbool A, Dagdas YF. N-terminal β-strand underpins biochemical specialization of an ATG8 isoform. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000373. [PMID: 31329577 PMCID: PMC6675122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like protein that modulates autophagy pathways by binding autophagic membranes and a number of proteins, including cargo receptors and core autophagy components. Throughout plant evolution, ATG8 has expanded from a single protein in algae to multiple isoforms in higher plants. However, the degree to which ATG8 isoforms have functionally specialized to bind distinct proteins remains unclear. Here, we describe a comprehensive protein-protein interaction resource, obtained using in planta immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by mass spectrometry (MS), to define the potato ATG8 interactome. We discovered that ATG8 isoforms bind distinct sets of plant proteins with varying degrees of overlap. This prompted us to define the biochemical basis of ATG8 specialization by comparing two potato ATG8 isoforms using both in vivo protein interaction assays and in vitro quantitative binding affinity analyses. These experiments revealed that the N-terminal β-strand-and, in particular, a single amino acid polymorphism-underpins binding specificity to the substrate PexRD54 by shaping the hydrophobic pocket that accommodates this protein's ATG8-interacting motif (AIM). Additional proteomics experiments indicated that the N-terminal β-strand shapes the broader ATG8 interactor profiles, defining interaction specificity with about 80 plant proteins. Our findings are consistent with the view that ATG8 isoforms comprise a layer of specificity in the regulation of selective autophagy pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Zess
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Jensen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Neftaly Cruz-Mireles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carlos De la Concepcion
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Madlen Stephani
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Imre
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Roitinger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Hughes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Khaoula Belhaj
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank L. H. Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yasin F. Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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11
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Turcsán B, Wallis L, Virányi Z, Range F, Müller CA, Huber L, Riemer S. Personality traits in companion dogs-Results from the VIDOPET. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195448. [PMID: 29634747 PMCID: PMC5892901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual behavioural differences in pet dogs are of great interest from a basic and applied research perspective. Most existing dog personality tests have specific (practical) goals in mind and so focused only on a limited aspect of dogs' personality, such as identifying problematic (aggressive or fearful) behaviours, assessing suitability as working dogs, or improving the results of adoption. Here we aimed to create a comprehensive test of personality in pet dogs that goes beyond traditional practical evaluations by exposing pet dogs to a range of situations they might encounter in everyday life. The Vienna Dog Personality Test (VIDOPET) consists of 15 subtests and was performed on 217 pet dogs. A two-step data reduction procedure (principal component analysis on each subtest followed by an exploratory factor analysis on the subtest components) yielded five factors: Sociability-obedience, Activity-independence, Novelty seeking, Problem orientation, and Frustration tolerance. A comprehensive evaluation of reliability and validity measures demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability and adequate internal consistency of all factors. Moreover the test showed good temporal consistency when re-testing a subsample of dogs after an average of 3.8 years-a considerably longer test-retest interval than assessed for any other dog personality test, to our knowledge. The construct validity of the test was investigated by analysing the correlations between the results of video coding and video rating methods and the owners' assessment via a dog personality questionnaire. The results demonstrated good convergent as well as discriminant validity. To conclude, the VIDOPET is not only a highly reliable and valid tool for measuring dog personality, but also the first test to show consistent behavioural traits related to problem solving ability and frustration tolerance in pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Turcsán
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lisa Wallis
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Range
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corsin A. Müller
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Riemer
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Animal Welfare, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Leitner M, Ljubić I, Luipersbeck M, Sinnl M. Decomposition methods for the two-stage stochastic Steiner tree problem. Comput Optim Appl 2017; 69:713-752. [PMID: 31258249 PMCID: PMC6566287 DOI: 10.1007/s10589-017-9966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new algorithmic approach for solving the stochastic Steiner tree problem based on three procedures for computing lower bounds (dual ascent, Lagrangian relaxation, Benders decomposition) is introduced. Our method is derived from a new integer linear programming formulation, which is shown to be strongest among all known formulations. The resulting method, which relies on an interplay of the dual information retrieved from the respective dual procedures, computes upper and lower bounds and combines them with several rules for fixing variables in order to decrease the size of problem instances. The effectiveness of our method is compared in an extensive computational study with the state-of-the-art exact approach, which employs a Benders decomposition based on two-stage branch-and-cut, and a genetic algorithm introduced during the DIMACS implementation challenge on Steiner trees. Our results indicate that the presented method significantly outperforms existing ones, both on benchmark instances from literature, as well as on large-scale telecommunication networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Leitner
- University of Vienna, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Ljubić
- ESSEC Business School of Paris, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Martin Luipersbeck
- University of Vienna, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Sinnl
- University of Vienna, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, Vienna, Austria
- INOCS, INRIA Lille-Nord Europe, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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Davoli E, Piovano P, Stefanelli U. Sharp [Formula: see text] Law for the Minimizers of the Edge-Isoperimetric Problem on the Triangular Lattice. J Nonlinear Sci 2016; 27:627-660. [PMID: 28747811 PMCID: PMC5501203 DOI: 10.1007/s00332-016-9346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the edge-isoperimetric problem (EIP) for sets of n points in the triangular lattice by emphasizing its relation with the emergence of the Wulff shape in the crystallization problem. By introducing a suitable notion of perimeter and area, EIP minimizers are characterized as extremizers of an isoperimetric inequality: they attain maximal area and minimal perimeter among connected configurations. The maximal area and minimal perimeter are explicitly quantified in terms of n. In view of this isoperimetric characterizations, EIP minimizers [Formula: see text] are seen to be given by hexagonal configurations with some extra points at their boundary. By a careful computation of the cardinality of these extra points, minimizers [Formula: see text] are estimated to deviate from such hexagonal configurations by at most [Formula: see text] points. The constant [Formula: see text] is explicitly determined and shown to be sharp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Davoli
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Piovano
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulisse Stefanelli
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche “E. Magenes” - CNR, v. Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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