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Gilada T, Ulrich AK, Wang Y, Lama JR, Alfaro R, Harb S, Daza G, Holte S, Pasalar S, Rios J, Ganoza C, Dasgupta S, Coombs RW, Duerr A. Viral Load Dynamics in Plasma and Semen When Antiretroviral Therapy Is Initiated During Early HIV-1 Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1141-1146. [PMID: 38073467 PMCID: PMC11011176 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in plasma and semen during primary HIV infection using serial samples of semen and plasma during the first 24 weeks after diagnosis in untreated participants and those who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately at diagnosis. In the absence of treatment, semen viral load was >1000 copies/mL in almost all specimens (83%) collected 2-10 weeks after the estimated date of HIV acquisition and remained >1000 copies/mL in 35% of untreated participants at the last observed time point. Thus, in the absence of ART, semen viral load remained at a level consistent with transmissibility throughout primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela K Ulrich
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yixin Wang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Alfaro
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas Biomédicas y Medioambientales, Lima, Peru
| | - Socorro Harb
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Glenda Daza
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Holte
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siavash Pasalar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica Rios
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, Inc, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Sayan Dasgupta
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert W Coombs
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ann Duerr
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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