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Zhang J, Pei ZT, Zhao YN, Zhang M, Zhang LL, Wang WQ, Wu JY, Yu R, Sun LW. Mutagenicity evaluation to UV filters of benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor by Ames test. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255504. [PMID: 34473729 PMCID: PMC8412341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenone (BPs) and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor are used as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect the skin and hair in personal care products. The discharging of the three chemicals may endanger the receiving water ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). Four S.typhimurium strains, TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were employed in the Ames tests. The mutagenicity was detected from all three chemicals. The addition of S9 increased the mutation ratios of three chemicals to four strains, except BP-6 to TA100 strain and 4-MBC to TA97 and TA98 strain. In the mixed experiment, all positive effects were detected in the absence of S9. However, the results all became negative in the presence of S9. For the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four tester strains except for the TA100 strain. For the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four strains. The mixture test results showed antagonism in mutagenicity for the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC to TA98 and TA100 strains and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC to TA100 and TA102 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou-Tao Pei
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhao
- Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Engineering Laboratory of Xizang, School of Information Engineering, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Ya Wu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Yu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Wei Sun
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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