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Van Dijk I, Boelen PA, de Keijser J, Lenferink LIM. Assessing DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder in children and adolescents: development of the Traumatic Grief Inventory - Kids - Clinician-Administered. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2197697. [PMID: 37078208 PMCID: PMC10120442 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2197697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 10% of bereaved youths experience symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Recently, PGD was included in the two main classification systems for mental disorders: the ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. Assessing PGD symptoms in youth is currently hindered by the lack of instruments for ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR criteria. To fill this gap, we developed an instrument to assess PGD symptoms in children and adolescents, the Traumatic Grief Inventory - Kids - Clinician-Administered (TGI-K-CA), based on input of grief experts and bereaved children. METHODS Five experts rated the items on alignment with DSM-TR and ICD-11 PGD symptoms and comprehensibility. The adjusted items were then presented to seventeen bereaved youths (Mdnage = 13.0 years, range = 8-17 years). Using the Three-Step Test Interview (TSTI), children were asked to verbalize their thoughts while answering the items. RESULTS Issues raised by experts were mostly related to alignment with the DSM-5-TR/ICD-11 symptom, ambiguous formulation of the items, or low comprehensibility for children and adolescents. Items raising fundamental issues according to experts were adjusted. The TSTI showed that children encountered relatively few problems with the items. Frequently reported problems with some of the items (e.g. regarding comprehensibility) led to final adjustments. CONCLUSION With input from grief experts and bereaved youths, an instrument to assess PGD symptoms as defined in DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 in bereaved youths was finalized. Further quantitative research is currently undertaken to evaluate the instrument's psychometric qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Van Dijk
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P A Boelen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - J de Keijser
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L I M Lenferink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Whitesell NR, Howley CT, Asdigian NL, Clifford C, Senehi N. Community perspectives on developmental screening of American Indian and Alaska Native children. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:558-575. [PMID: 35634898 PMCID: PMC9283299 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Children are highly regarded and treasured as the future of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Developmental disorders, however, are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated in AIAN children compared to others in the United States. Developmental screening can help communities ensure that their children reach their full potential, but lack of culturally sensitive and valid screening measures complicates screening among AIAN children. This can, in turn, delay access to early intervention and undermine the ability of AIAN communities to support children's optimal development. This study explored families' and professionals' perceptions of screening systems and processes in AIAN communities and to identify gaps and opportunities. A total of 53 interviews and 23 focus groups were conducted with 157 parents and early childcare professionals in four AIAN communities. A conceptual framework to describe systems of screening for young children was developed by AIAN early childhood program partners and early childhood researchers working together on a Tribal Early Childhood Research Center Community of Learning; this framework guided study design and interview guides. Transcripts were coded for themes in alignment with the conceptual framework; 13 key themes and 81 subthemes were identified. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for enhancing screening efforts in Tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
- Tribal Early Childhood Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Caitlin Trucksess Howley
- Tribal Early Childhood Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Nancy L. Asdigian
- Tribal Early Childhood Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Neda Senehi
- Tribal Early Childhood Research Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - The Tribal Early Childhood Research Center PEDS Community of Learning
- The PEDS Community of Learning: Cyndi Anderson, Deana Around Him Wagner, Catherine Ayoub, Allison Barlow, Jessica Barnes-Najor, Moushumi Beltangady, Nicole Denmark, Cathy Ferron, Hiram Fitzgerald, Renee Galliher, Jacki Haight, Katie Hess, Elizabeth Kushman, KyungSook Lee, Charmaine Lundy, Laura McKechnie, Elizabeth Moore Simpson, Kim Nall, Douglas Novins, Myra Parker, Cyndi Pyatskowit, Melina Salvador, Juli Skinner, Sarah Snetsinger, Heather Tharp, Lana Toya, Melissa Walls
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Abstract
The presence of and search for meaning has divergent and salient outcomes for individuals' physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Although numerous domains of meaning have been examined, the literature on the meaning of sex is sparse and lacks a quantitative measure. In this study, we evaluated a new general Meaning of Sex (MOS) Measure that captured the presence of (MOS-P) and search for (MOS-S) the meaning of sex by analyzing how these subscales were associated with important relational and sexual outcomes (i.e., relationship stability and satisfaction and sexual satisfaction) in two samples. For Sample 1, all participants (N = 865) reported engaging in what they considered to be sexual intercourse and were either single or in a relationship. For Sample 2, all participants (N = 884) reported being in a committed relationship for at least two years. With both samples, confirmatory factor analyses showed good construct validity as the two subscales were distinct from one another and had good reliability. The analyses also demonstrated divergent validity between both scales and meaning in life, sexual motivations, sexual beliefs, and religiosity. The MOS-S had a strong (and negative) association with relationship stability in both samples. The MOS-P had a strong (and positive) association with relationship satisfaction in both samples.
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Kerr S, Hudenko WJ, Godfrey DA, Lundgren SN, O'Malley AJ, Sharp C. Validation of the Emotional Tone Index for Families (ETIF): A Multi-Informant Measure of Emotional Closeness. Fam Process 2021; 60:935-949. [PMID: 33064306 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of emotional closeness (EC) in families, few researchers have accurately measured the construct in a systemic way. Additionally, existing measures rely on ratings from one informant, typically the mother, to provide information on closeness within the entire family system. We examined EC in 140 individuals (37 families) using the Emotional Tone Index for Families (ETIF), a novel, multi-informant measure that obtains bidirectional information about EC within every family relationship. The parent identified as most familiar with the family also completed two widely used single-informant measures: The McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, version IV. The ETIF exhibited good test-retest reliability, high internal consistency, and concurrent validity with the single-informant measures. Though the primary respondent scores correlated highly with overall family closeness, results revealed only a modest association between closeness ratings within each dyad and parents rated higher levels of closeness toward their children than children rated closeness toward parents. These findings suggest that ratings from multiple informants provide valuable information about discrepancies in perceived closeness between family members and other complex family dynamics that cannot be captured by single-informant measures. Limitations, future directions, and implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kerr
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William J Hudenko
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Donald A Godfrey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara N Lundgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A James O'Malley
- The Dartmouth Institute, Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Watermeyer KE, Guillera-Arroita G, Bal P, Burgass MJ, Bland LM, Collen B, Hallam C, Kelly LT, McCarthy MA, Regan TJ, Stevenson S, Wintle BA, Nicholson E. Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:492-501. [PMID: 32557849 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity indices are used to measure environmental change and progress toward conservation goals, yet few indices have been evaluated comprehensively for their capacity to detect trends of interest, such as declines in threatened species or ecosystem function. Using a structured approach based on decision science, we qualitatively evaluated 9 indices commonly used to track biodiversity at global and regional scales against 5 criteria relating to objectives, design, behavior, incorporation of uncertainty, and constraints (e.g., costs and data availability). Evaluation was based on reference literature for indices available at the time of assessment. We identified 4 key gaps in indices assessed: pathways to achieving goals (means objectives) were not always clear or relevant to desired outcomes (fundamental objectives); index testing and understanding of expected behavior was often lacking; uncertainty was seldom acknowledged or accounted for; and costs of implementation were seldom considered. These gaps may render indices inadequate in certain decision-making contexts and are problematic for indices linked with biodiversity targets and sustainability goals. Ensuring that index objectives are clear and their design is underpinned by a model of relevant processes are crucial in addressing the gaps identified by our assessment. Uptake and productive use of indices will be improved if index performance is tested rigorously and assumptions and uncertainties are clearly communicated to end users. This will increase index accuracy and value in tracking biodiversity change and supporting national and global policy decisions, such as the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Watermeyer
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Payal Bal
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Burgass
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, U.K
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
- Biodiversify, Newark, Nottinghamshire, NG24, U.K
| | - Lucie M Bland
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Lucie Bland Editing, 1-3 Theobald Street, Thornbury, VIC, 3071, Australia
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetic, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Chris Hallam
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Luke T Kelly
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael A McCarthy
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tracey J Regan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Simone Stevenson
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Brendan A Wintle
- Quantitative and Applied Ecology, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emily Nicholson
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Kyle G, Landon A, Vaske J, Wallen K. Tools for assessing the psychometric adequacy of latent variables in conservation research. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1353-1363. [PMID: 33245805 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation psychology has a history of measuring variables that cannot be seen (e.g., values, attitudes, norms). Such latent variables are critical drivers of human action and are often measured using responses to survey questions. Tools for establishing the psychometric adequacy of unobservable, latent variables has been a century-long pursuit and challenge for quantitative psychologists and statisticians. Fundamental questions at the heart of this challenge include is what is claimed to be measured (validity) being measured and is measurement consistent (reliability)? We examined common methods used to establish the validity and reliability of psychometric instruments. Through a case study of anglers in Texas, we investigated the protocols and metrics used to evaluate the measurement of latent variables. The indicators we tested (identity, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and personal norms) validly and reliably assessed latent variables. Our findings also illustrated decision protocols (e.g., discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency) involved in assessing the psychometric adequacy of latent variable indicators. The ability to correctly identify significant relationships among unobserved variables and their influence on human action is directly tied to the adequacy of measurement. In an era of instability and change that threatens social-ecological systems worldwide, the need for accuracy and precision in conservation social science has never been greater. Research that employs flawed measures has potential to lead to erroneous conclusions and undermine conservation and biodiversity protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Kyle
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife, & Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, 2261 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2261, U.S.A
| | - Adam Landon
- Division of Fish & Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN, 55155, U.S.A
| | - Jerry Vaske
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, U.S.A
| | - Kenneth Wallen
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID, 83844-1139, U.S.A
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Dyer WJ, Fagan J, Kaufman R, Pearson J, Cabrera N. Self-perceived Coparenting of Nonresident Fathers: Scale Development and Validation. Fam Process 2018; 57:927-946. [PMID: 29143335 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the development and validation of the Fatherhood Research and Practice Network coparenting perceptions scale for nonresident fathers. Although other measures of coparenting have been developed, this is the first measure developed specifically for low-income, nonresident fathers. Focus groups were conducted to determine various aspects of coparenting. Based on this, a scale was created and administered to 542 nonresident fathers. Participants also responded to items used to examine convergent and predictive validity (i.e., parental responsibility, contact with the mother, father self-efficacy and satisfaction, child behavior problems, and contact and engagement with the child). Factor analyses and reliability tests revealed three distinct and reliable perceived coparenting factors: undermining, alliance, and gatekeeping. Validity tests suggest substantial overlap between the undermining and alliance factors, though undermining was uniquely related to child behavior problems. The alliance and gatekeeping factors showed strong convergent validity and evidence for predictive validity. Taken together, results suggest this relatively short measure (11 items) taps into three coparenting dimensions significantly predictive of aspects of individual and family life.
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