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Sanchez-Villegas A, Zazpe I, Santiago S, Perez-Cornago A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Lahortiga-Ramos F. Added sugars and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, dietary carbohydrate index and depression risk in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:211-221. [PMID: 29268815 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The association between added sugars or sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of depression, as well as the role of carbohydrate quality in depression risk, remains unclear. Among 15 546 Spanish university graduates from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) prospective cohort study, diet was assessed with a validated 136-item semi-quantitative FFQ at baseline and at 10-year follow-up. Cumulative average consumption of added sugars, sweetened drinks and an overall carbohydrate quality index (CQI) were calculated. A better CQI was associated with higher whole-grain consumption and fibre intake and lower glycaemic index and consumption of solid (instead of liquid) carbohydrates. Clinical diagnoses of depression during follow-up were classified as incident cases. Multivariable time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of depression according to consumption of added sugars, sweetened drinks and CQI. We observed 769 incident cases of depression. Participants in the highest quartile of added sugars consumption showed a significant increment in the risk of depression (HR=1·35; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·67, P=0·034), whereas those in the highest quartile of CQI (upper quartile of the CQI) showed a relative risk reduction of 30 % compared with those in the lowest quartile of the CQI (HR=0·70; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·88). No significant association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and depression risk was found. Higher added sugars and lower quality of carbohydrate consumption were associated with depression risk in the SUN Cohort. Further studies are necessary to confirm the reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
- 1Nutrition Research Group,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences,University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Dr. Pasteur s/n, Trasera Hospital Insular, CP 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- 3Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology,University of Navarra,Irunlarrea s/n,31008 Pamplona,Spain
| | - Susana Santiago
- 3Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology,University of Navarra,Irunlarrea s/n,31008 Pamplona,Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- 4Cancer Epidemiology Unit,Nuffield Department of Population Health,University of Oxford,Oxford OX3 7LF,UK
| | - Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez
- 2Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN),Instituto de Salud Carlos III,28029 Madrid,Spain
| | - Francisca Lahortiga-Ramos
- 7Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology,University Clinic of Navarra,Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra,Spain
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Malavolti M, Malagoli C, Crespi CM, Brighenti F, Agnoli C, Sieri S, Krogh V, Fiorentini C, Farnetani F, Longo C, Ricci C, Albertini G, Lanzoni A, Veneziano L, Virgili A, Pagliarello C, Feliciani C, Fanti PA, Dika E, Pellacani G, Vinceti M. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of cutaneous melanoma in a population-based, case-control study. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:432-438. [PMID: 28196548 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are indicators of dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been associated with increased melanoma risk. However, GI and GL have not been investigated for melanoma. We present the first study to examine the possible association of GI and GL with melanoma risk. We carried out a population-based, case-control study involving 380 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 719 age- and sex-matched controls in a northern Italian region. Dietary GI and GL were computed for each subject using data from a self-administered, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We computed the odds ratio (OR) for melanoma according to quintiles of distribution of GL and GL among controls. A direct association between melanoma risk and GL emerged in females (OR 2·38; 95 % CI 1·25, 4·52 for the highest v. the lowest quintile of GL score, P for trend 0·070) but not in males. The association in females persisted in the multivariable analysis after adjusting for several potential confounders. There was no evidence of an association between GI and melanoma risk. GL might be associated with melanoma risk in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Malavolti
- 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences,Research Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology (CREAGEN),University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41125 Modena,Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences,Research Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology (CREAGEN),University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41125 Modena,Italy
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- 2Department of Biostatistics and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center,University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health,Los Angeles,CA 90095-1772,USA
| | - Furio Brighenti
- 3Department of Food Science,University of Parma,43121 Parma,Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- 4Epidemiology and Prevention Unit,Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori,20133 Milan,Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- 4Epidemiology and Prevention Unit,Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori,20133 Milan,Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- 4Epidemiology and Prevention Unit,Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori,20133 Milan,Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- 5Dermatologic Unit,University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41124 Modena,Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- 5Dermatologic Unit,University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41124 Modena,Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- 5Dermatologic Unit,University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41124 Modena,Italy
| | - Cinzia Ricci
- 6Dermatologic Unit,Santa Maria Nuova Hospital-IRCCS,42123 Reggio Emilia,Italy
| | - Giuseppe Albertini
- 6Dermatologic Unit,Santa Maria Nuova Hospital-IRCCS,42123 Reggio Emilia,Italy
| | - Anna Lanzoni
- 7Dermatologic Unit,Bellaria Hospital,40124 Bologna,Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emi Dika
- 10Dermatologic Unit,University of Bologna,40138 Bologna,Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- 5Dermatologic Unit,University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41124 Modena,Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- 1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences,Research Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology (CREAGEN),University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,41125 Modena,Italy
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