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Lee J, Kim T, Yang H, Bae SH. Prevalence trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among young men in Korea: A Korean military population-based cross-sectional study. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:196-206. [PMID: 35021598 PMCID: PMC9013620 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major concern in Korea since its emergence as a dominant cause of chronic liver disease. However, no study has explored its prevalence in adults under 30 years of age. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean men in their early 20s. Methods We collected data of 596,359 Korean soldiers who participated in a health examination between January 2015 and July 2021. A total of 571,872 individuals were analyzed after excluding those with missing data and hepatitis B antigen positivity. Hepatic steatosis was determined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Participants with HSI >36 were considered to have NAFLD. Results All participants were men, and the mean age was 20.9±1.3 years. Of the 571,872 participants screened, 77,020 (13.47%) were classified as having NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD consistently increased from 2015 to 2021 (10.66% vs. 16.44%, P<0.001). Increases from 2015 to 2021 were also noted in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension (P<0.001 for all). The mean body mass index also increased from 23.3±3.0 kg/m2 to 23.9±3.1 kg/m2 between 2015 and 2021 (P<0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of NAFLD and of other metabolic dysfunctions in Korean men in their early 20s increased from 2015 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Goyang Hospital, Goyang 10267, Republic of Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Goyang Hospital, Goyang 10267, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh EJ, Yuk YS, Kim JK. Laboratory investigations of herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 clinical samples in Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:385-389. [PMID: 34965687 PMCID: PMC8721267 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been reported in 60% to 95% of the adult population worldwide, making them one of the most common infectious conditions globally. HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide information that could be used to reduce the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2. Methods From September 2018 to December 2020, 59,381 specimens were collected from outpatients across primary and secondary hospitals in Korea who requested U2Bio (Korea) to conduct molecular biological testing of their samples for sexually transmitted infections. In this study, the positivity rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were analyzed according to age, sex, and specimen type. Results In the age-specific analysis of HSV-1, the highest positivity rate (0.58%) was observed in patients under 19 years of age, whereas the lowest positivity rate (0.08%) was observed in patients aged over 70 years. In the age-specific analysis of HSV-2, the highest positivity rate (2.53%) was likewise observed in patients under 19 years of age. Conclusion Our study identified differences in the infection rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 depending on patients’ sex and age. These differences will be useful for improving disease prevention and control measures for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Oh
- Department of Medical Laser, Dankook University Graduate School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Sam Yuk
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University College of Health Sciences, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dankook University College of Health Sciences, Cheonan, Korea
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SIHN KH. Concealment and Disclosure: The Cholera Crisis of 1969-70 in Korea. Uisahak 2021; 30:355-392. [PMID: 34663775 PMCID: PMC10556409 DOI: 10.13081/kjmh.2021.30.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cholera measures of 1969-70 represent one of the most unsuccessful quarantine cases in modern Korea. The military government, which overthrew the democratic government in 1961, tried to amend the Constitution aiming for a long-term seizure of power, and had to overcome the cholera crisis of 1969-70. Previous scholarship has emphasized the limitation of the state power when it came to controlling the cholera epidemic or the poor sanitation system of 1969-70. However, it is undeniable that the military government did have organizations, facilities, and human capital available. When a cholera epidemic broke out in 1963-64, the military government defended its people against cholera as part of the Revolutionary Tasks. Furthermore, it took counsel from a team of medical professionals knowledgeable in microbiology. In 1969, the possibility of bacteriological warfare by North Korea emerged while the government responded to cholera. To avoid this crisis, Park Chŏng-hŭi's military government, which had been preparing for longterm rule, had to provide successful model in the cholera defense. For the military government, the concealment and distortion of infectious disease information was inevitable. Many other medical professionals trusted the activities of international organizations more than they did the government bodies, and the media accused the government of fabricating cholera death statistics. As the government failed to prevent the cholera crisis, it tightened its secrecy by concealing facts and controlling information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-hwan SIHN
- Assistant Professor, Dept. of History Education, Daegu University, Chinese History and East Asian History of Medicine major
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Jeong SY, Choi J, Kim JY, Ga H. Development and Application of a Surveillance Method for Healthcare-Associated Infections in Long-Term Care Hospitals in Korea. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2021; 24:274-281. [PMID: 33389974 PMCID: PMC7781959 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study developed a surveillance method for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) and investigated the current status of HAIs in LTCHs in Korea. Methods We applied the HAI-related surveillance criteria for long-term care facilities developed by McGeer in six LTCHs. Results The 197 confirmed HAIs corresponded to incidence rates of 30.38/100 inpatients and 1.57/1,000 days of hospitalization and included 84 cases of respiratory tract infection (43.8%), 78 cases of systemic infection (40.6%), 24 cases of gastrointestinal tract infection (12.5%), and 6 cases of skin and soft tissue mucosal infection (2.1%). The subtypes included 78 cases of unexplained febrile illness (40.6%); 40 cases of pneumonia (20.8%); 27 cases of lower respiratory tract infection (14.1%); 21 cases of gastroenteritis (10.9%); 9 cases of influenza-like illness (4.7%); 8 cases of common cold or pharyngitis (4.2%); 4 cases of cellulitis, soft tissue, or wound infection (2.1%); 3 cases of Clostridium difficile infection (1.6%); 1 case of conjunctivitis (0.5%); and 1 case of fungal oral/perioral and skin infection (0.5%). Conclusion Establishing an HAI surveillance method for LTCHs and identifying HAI rates and risk factors among LTCH patients may help prevent HAIs in LTCHs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JeongHwa Choi
- Infection Control Team, Kunkuk Universty Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeun Kim
- Department of Infection Control, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Ga
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Incheon Eun-Hye Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Kim HK, Song SO, Noh J, Jeong IK, Lee BW. Data Configuration and Publication Trends for the Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Database. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:671-678. [PMID: 33115211 PMCID: PMC7643590 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big data reports related to diseases and health care for the Korean population have been published since the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Service provided limited open access to their databases. Here, we reviewed the structure, content, and means of using data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) system for the benefit of Korean researchers and presented the latest publication trends in Korean healthcare data procured from the NHI and HIRA databases. METHODS Since 2013, researchers have been able to obtain nationwide population-based studies using the NHI and HIRA databases of the insured. We searched publications using the NHI and the HIRA databases between 2013 and 2019 retrieved from PubMed. RESULTS The NHI and HIRA databases provide nationwide population-based data. The total number of publications from 2014 to 2019 using NHI and HIRA databases is 2,541 and 655, respectively. A total of 5,465 endocrinology-related studies were performed during 2014 to 2019. CONCLUSION The NHIS and HIRA databases have provided tools for guidelines to approach world-leading population-based epidemiology and disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Junghyun Noh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Byung-Wan Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea E-mail:
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Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are defined as benign monoclonal tumors in the pituitary gland that cause symptoms due to either hormonal hypersecretion or a space-occupying effect, and are classified as functioning or non-functioning. Because of their rarity and slow-growing with symptomless nature in most cases, it has been challenging to investigate the epidemiology of PAs. Considering their public health impact and association with increased morbidity and mortality, however, it is essential to understand the prevalence and incidence of PAs in order to improve patient outcomes and to minimize the resultant burden on the health care system. Fortunately, developments in imaging modalities and easier access to large-scale population data have enabled investigators to analyze the epidemiology of PAs more accurately. This review summarizes previously reported epidemiologic data on functioning PAs in Korea and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yang YS, Lee SY, Kim JS, Choi KM, Lee KW, Lee SC, Cho JR, Oh SJ, Kim JH, Choi SH. Achievement of LDL-C Targets Defined by ESC/EAS (2011) Guidelines in Risk-Stratified Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia Receiving Lipid-Modifying Treatments. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:367-376. [PMID: 32615721 PMCID: PMC7386099 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the proportion of risk-stratified Korean patients with dyslipidemia achieving their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets as defined by the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) (2011) guidelines while receiving lipid-modifying treatments (LMTs). METHODS In this multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, we evaluated data from Korean patients aged ≥19 years who were receiving LMTs for ≥3 months and had an LDL-C value within the previous 12 months on the same LMT. Data were collected for demographics, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, medical history, and healthcare consumption. Patients were risk-stratified according to the ESC Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) chart and LDL-C target achievement rate was assessed. RESULTS Guideline-based risk-stratification of the 1,034 patients showed the majority (72.2%) to be in the very high-risk category. Investigators' assessment of risk was underestimated in 71.6% compared to ESC/EAS guidelines. Overall LDL-C target achievement rate was 44.3%; target achievement was the highest (66.0%) in moderate-risk patients and the lowest (39.0%) in very high-risk patients. Overall 97.1% patients were receiving statin therapy, mostly as a single-agent (89.2%). High-intensity statins and the highest permissible dose of high-intensity statins had been prescribed to only 9.1% and 7.3% patients in the very high-risk group, respectively. Physician satisfaction with patients' LDL-C levels was the primary reason for non-intensification of statin therapy. CONCLUSION Achievement of target LDL-C level is suboptimal in Korean patients with dyslipidemia, especially in those at very high-risk of CV events. Current practices in LMTs need to be improved based on precise CV risk evaluation posed by dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seo Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kang Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Sang-Chol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jung Rae Cho
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Medical Affairs, Sanofi-Aventis Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
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Kim HY, Jung HW, Lee YA, Shin CH, Yang SW. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in nonobese young adults with type 1 diabetes. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:180-186. [PMID: 31607111 PMCID: PMC6790876 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in nonobese nonobese young type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients without micro- or macrovascular complications. METHODS CAN was assessed in 95 patients with T1DM, aged 18-29 years, using standard cardiovascular reflex tests - heart rate response to deep breathing, standing, and the Valsalva maneuver and blood pressure response to standing. Furthermore, power spectral analyses of overall heart rate variability (HRV), standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), and total power (TP) were tested with DiCAN. CAN was defined as abnormal results for at least 1 of the 4 cardiovascular reflex tests. RESULTS The prevalence of CAN was 12.6%. The frequency of one and 2 abnormal reflex tests was 10.5% and 2.1%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, and duration of diabetes with respect to presence of CAN. Patients with CAN exhibited lower overall HRV parameters (SDNN and TP) compared with those without CAN even though there was no statistical significance. In multivariable analyses, higher mean HbA1c level was significantly associated with lower overall HRV (β=-44.42, P=0.002 for SDNN and β=-2.82, P<0.001 for TP). CONCLUSION CAN can be detected in 12.6% of young adult T1DM patients even without other micro- or macrovascular complications. Glycemic control is the main determinant to maintain overall HRV and prevent CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hae Woon Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Young Ah Lee, MD, PhD Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2308 Fax: +82-2-743-3455 E-mail:
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Won Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi YC, Cheong JI, Chueh HW, Yoo JH. Iodine status and characteristics of Korean adolescents and their parents based on urinary iodine concentration: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 24:108-115. [PMID: 31261475 PMCID: PMC6603615 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2019.24.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine is a major component of thyroid hormones. Both deficiency and excess of iodine are major risk factors for thyroid disease, making it important to accurately assess iodine level in the human body. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a commonly used measure of iodine status. However, there is little research on iodine status and related characteristics in Korean adolescents. METHODS Using data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) for the years 2013-2015, we analyzed UIC and thyroid function test results in adolescents aged 10-18 years and their parents. We also investigated the influence of socioeconomic factors and family history of thyroid disease on iodine status. RESULTS Mean UIC in Korean adolescents was 963.5±55.7 μg/L. Among evaluated subjects, 6.6%±1.0%, 29.8%±1.7%, and 63.9%±1.9% had low (UIC<100 μg/L), adequate (UIC: 100-299.9 μg/L), and excess (UIC≥300 μg/L) iodine concentrations, respectively. Based on regional trends, the incidence of iodine deficiency exceeded 10% in several regions, even though there was a dominance of regions with excess iodine. Parental UIC, female sex, average monthly income, and expenditure were all found to affect the iodine status of Korean adolescents. CONCLUSION Although regional differences exist, the iodine status in Korean adolescents is mainly affected by the eating habits of their families and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, monitoring of iodine status is necessary in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji In Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Won Chueh
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Jae-Ho Yoo, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Dong-University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 26 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-5124 Fax: +82-51-242-2765 E-mail:
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