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Aleksova M, Kenarova A, Boteva S, Georgieva S, Chanev C, Radeva G. Effects of increasing concentrations of fungicide Quadris R on bacterial functional profiling in loamy sand soil. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4385-4396. [PMID: 34117918 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the side effects of the fungicide QuadrisR on soil bacterial functioning. QuadrisR was applied to a loamy sand soil at increasing concentrations (0.0-35.0 mg kg-1 dry soil) calculated according to its active ingredient azoxystrobin (Az). Soil sampling was carried out from the 1st to the 120th day of soil incubation to determine the changes occurred in bacterial catabolism using the technique of community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) via Biolog EcoPlates™. It was found that the field recommended fungicide concentration (2.90 mg kg-1 dry soil) altered mostly the low-available Biolog carbon sources (< 0.50 optical density (OD)), whereas the fungicide higher concentrations (14.65 and 35.00 mg kg-1 dry soil) were effective also on medium (0.50-1.00 OD) and highly (> 1.00 OD) utilizable ones. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the main environmental factors correlated with the utilization rates of Biolog carbon sources (CSs) were soil nutrients and pH. No linear relationships were found between Az soil residues and the use of CSs. We concluded that QuadrisR affects bacterial catabolic profiles in loamy sand soils through soil acidification and altering soil nutrient pool. The study also revealed that CLPP and EcoPlate™ are useful practical tools for testing the fungicide ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaella Aleksova
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Kenarova
- Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvena Boteva
- Department of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christo Chanev
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1 James Bourchier Blvd, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Radeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Miao L, Guo S, Liu Z, Liu S, You G, Qu H, Hou J. Effects of Nanoplastics on Freshwater Biofilm Microbial Metabolic Functions as Determined by BIOLOG ECO Microplates. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4639. [PMID: 31766547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplastic (NP) contamination is becoming a pervasive issue as NPs, originating from microplastic particles, pose potentially harmful environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The environmental hazards of NPs on microorganisms have been well documented in recent studies; however, little is known about their ecotoxicity effects on freshwater biofilms, which serve as important primary producers and decomposers and are highly connected with other ecosystem components. We investigated the effects of NPs on the microbial metabolic functions of freshwater biofilms in terms of carbon source utilization ability. Biofilm samples were collected, cultivated in a hydrodynamic flume for six weeks, and then exposed in polystyrene (PS) beads (100 nm in size) with different NP concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/L). BIOLOG ECO microplates were used to quantify carbon source utilization characteristics. The data were analyzed using average well-color development (AWCD), functional diversity indices, and principle component analysis (PCA). Results showed that the total carbon metabolic functions (represented by AWCD) remained constant (p > 0.05) with elevated NP concentrations, but some specific carbon sources (e.g., esters) changed in their utilization ability (p < 0.05). The microbial functional diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, and Shannon evenness index) was significantly reduced under 10 mg/L NPs (p < 0.05), indicating an inhibiting effect of NPs on biofilm metabolic diversity. This study examined NP ecotoxicity effects on microbial metabolic activities at the community level, but further studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms driving this change.
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Zhu L, Du Z, Li B, Wang J, Wang J, Sun Y. Using enzyme activities and soil microbial diversity to understand the effects of fluoxastrobin on microorganisms in fluvo-aquic soil. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:89-93. [PMID: 30798246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whether now or in the foreseeable future, agricultural production cannot do without chemical pesticides. Strobilurin fungicides, including mitochondrial inhibitors, can easily enter the soil environment and causing pollution. Fluoxastrobin is one of the top-selling strobilurin fungicides. Limited information can be found in the literature on the environmental toxicity of fluoxastrobin in soil. It is essential to understand the effects of fluoxastrobin on microorganisms in fluvo-aquic soil. The present study used a Biolog-EcoPlate method to analyze the effects of fluoxastrobin on soil microbial diversity in groups exposed to 0.1, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/kg fluoxastrobin and in control groups at exposure and on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 48. The effects of fluoxastrobin on enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, and urease) in the soil were also evaluated. The results indicated that the three tested enzyme activities were lower at each dose to a varying degree than those of the controls. The soil microbial diversity was shown to be affected according to the results of average well color development (AWCD) experiments. The present study aimed to assess environmental risks to terrestrial ecosystems under the stress of pesticide use. These results also enrich the basic data on fungicide toxicity to the soil environment and have a guiding significance for the rational use of pesticides and the sustainable utilization of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Yanan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
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Ge Z, Du H, Gao Y, Qiu W. Analysis on Metabolic Functions of Stored Rice Microbial Communities by BIOLOG ECO Microplates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1375. [PMID: 30018600 PMCID: PMC6037723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination has been a pervasive issue during the rice storage and triggers extensive researches. The metabolism of microorganisms was proved as an indicator to mirror the degree of microbial contamination. It is necessary to develop a scientific method to analyze the metabolism of rice microbial communities, thereby monitoring the microbial contamination. In this study, the metabolism of rice microbial communities in different storing-year were investigated by BIOLOG ECO microplates. The three rice samples were respectively stored for 1-3 years. The related indicators of BIOLOG ECO microplates were determined, including average well-color development (AWCD) of carbon sources and three metabolic functional diversity indices. The results showed that there were significant differences in the AWCD of all carbon sources among the three rice microbial communities (p < 0.05), and the functional diversity indices except Simpson index showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Additionally, the three rice microbial communities differed significantly in the metabolic utilization of carboxylic acids and miscellaneous (p < 0.05), and there were, however, no significant differences in the other four types of carbon sources. Furthermore, principal component analysis revealed that the microbial communities of stored rice had obviously different metabolic functions in different storage period. Therefore, the study indicated that the BIOLOG ECO microplate was applicable to evaluate the metabolic functions of rice microbial communities, and carboxylic acids and miscellaneous were two crucial parameters of carbon sources to identify the metabolic differences of microbial communities, a case in which it reflected the conditions of rice microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weifen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Kenarova A, Radeva G, Traykov I, Boteva S. Community level physiological profiles of bacterial communities inhabiting uranium mining impacted sites. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 100:226-232. [PMID: 24315773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial activity and physiological diversity were characterized in mining and milling impacted soils collected from three abandoned uranium mine sites, Senokos, Buhovo and Sliven, using bacterial dehydrogenase activity and Biolog (EcoPlate) tests. The elemental composition of soils revealed high levels of uranium and heavy metals (sum of technogenic coefficients of contamination; TCC(sum) pollution as follows: Sliven (uranium - 374 mg/kg; TCC(sum) - 23.40) >Buhovo (uranium - 139.20mg/kg; TCC(sum) - 3.93) >Senokos (uranium - 23.01 mg/kg; TCC(sum) - 0.86). The physiological profiles of the bacterial community level were site specific, and indicated intensive utilization of polyols, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids in low and medium polluted environments, and i-erithrytol and 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in the highly polluted environment of Sliven waste pile. Enzymes which take part in the biodegradation of recalcitrant substances were more resistant to pollution than these from the pathways of the easily degradable carbon sources. The Shannon index indicated that the physiological diversity of bacteria was site specific but not in line with the levels of pollution. A general tendency of increasing the importance of the number of utilizable substrates to bacterial physiological diversity was observed at less polluted sites, whereas in highly polluted sites the evenness of substrate utilization rate was more significant. Dehydrogenase activity was highest in Senokos upper soil layer and positively correlated (p<0.01) with the soil organic matter content. The bacterial activity (EcoPlate) and physiological diversity (Shannon index) correlated significantly and negatively with As, Cu, Zn, Pb and U, and Co, Cr, Ni and Mn, respectively. We concluded that the observed site specific shifts in bacterial communities were complex due to both the environmental peculiarities and the bacterial tolerance to the relevant level of pollution, rather than a strong indication of uranium and heavy metals toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelia Kenarova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Galina Radeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivan Traykov
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Silvena Boteva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Choudhary DK, Agarwal PK, Johri BN. Evaluation of in situ functional activity of casing soils during growth cycle of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach) employing community level physiological profiles (CLPPs). Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:19-26. [PMID: 23100803 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-009-0021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) have been rarely applied to mushroom compost ecosystem, probably for the lack of standardized methodology. Recently, however CLPPs have been employed as a tool to investigate the degree of maturity of compost (Mondini and Insam, 2005, Compost Science and Utilization, 13(1): 27-33). The potential of CLPPs to detect compost maturity test is considerably significant in that it provides sensitivity and the simplicity of the assay. The aim of this work was to investigate the maturity of casing that comprised of farm yard manure and spent compost and influence of casing type on the behaviour of bacterial community during the growth cycle of mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach employing standardized inoculum density and effects of different data interpretation based on the kinetics of colour formation. Casing samples of different age were extracted at a particular dilution and then inoculated in 96 well microtitre plates. Optical density (OD) in well was measured at 590 nm every 24 hours for 5 days. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by employing OD values at fixed average well colour development (AWCD). PCA of fresh samples showed that classification and ordination of samples according to their age were significant with fixed AWCD.
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