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Feng M, Zhang M, Adhikari B, Chang L. Novel strategies for enhancing quality stability of edible flower during processing using efficient physical fields: A review. Food Chem 2024; 448:139077. [PMID: 38518445 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Edible flowers are an exotic part of the human diet due to their distinct sensorial properties and health benefits. Due to consumers demand edible flowers and their products with natural freshness and high nutritional value, there is increasing research on the application of green and efficient edible flower processing technologies. This paper reviews the application of a number of physical fields including ultrasound, microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, pulse electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and reduced pressure aiming to improve the processing and product quality of edible flowers. The mechanism of action, influencing factors, and status on application of each physical energy field are critically evaluated. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each of these energy fields are evaluated, and trends on their future prospects are highlighted. Future research is expected to focus on gaining greater understanding of the mechanism action of physical field-based technologies when applied to processing of edible flowers and to provide the basis for broaden the application of physical field-based technologies in industrial realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Lu Chang
- Shandong Huamei Biology Science & Technology Co, Pingyin, China
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2
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Luo X, Jiang J, Wu H, Li M, Wang B. The influences of finite aperture size in photoacoustic computed tomography. Ultrasonics 2023; 133:107042. [PMID: 37186987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), the "finite aperture effect" is often characterized as a tangential resolution that increases proportionally with the distance from the rotation center. However, this conclusion is based on the inaccurate point-detector assumption used in image reconstruction. In this study, we appropriately modeled the finite size of the acoustic detector in the back-projection (BP) based image reconstruction to improve the accuracy of the time delay calculation and systematically investigated its effects. Our results showed that the main effect of the finite aperture size is the creation of a limited high-quality imaging region (HQIR) around the scanning center, due to the directional sensitivity of the detector. We also demonstrated that the "finite aperture effect" can reduce the optimal number of detectors required for spatial anti-aliasing. These new findings provide novel perspectives for optimizing PACT systems and corresponding reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jinsheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hualin Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Minhao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Matsuda O, Koga H, Nishita H, Tomoda M, Otsuka PH, Wright OB. Refraction, beam splitting and dispersion of GHz surface acoustic waves by a phononic crystal. Photoacoustics 2023; 30:100471. [PMID: 36950517 PMCID: PMC10026032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We exploit a time-resolved ultrafast optical technique to study the propagation of point-excited surface acoustic waves on a microscopic two-dimensional phononic crystal in the form of a square lattice of holes in a silicon substrate. Constant-frequency images and the dispersion relation are extracted, and the latter measured in detail in the region around the phononic band gap. Mode conversion and refraction at the interface between the phononic crystal and surrounding non-structured silicon substrate is studied at constant frequencies. Symmetric phonon beam splitting, for example, is shown to lead to a striking Maltese-cross pattern when phonons exit a square region of phononic crystal excited near its center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Matsuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Nishi 8, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Koga
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Nishi 8, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Nishi 8, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Motonobu Tomoda
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Nishi 8, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Paul H. Otsuka
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Nishi 8, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Oliver B. Wright
- Hokkaido University, Nishi 5, Kita 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0808, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Ling B, Ramaswamy HS, Lyng JG, Gao J, Wang S. Roles of physical fields in the extraction of pectin from plant food wastes and byproducts: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112343. [PMID: 36737935 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is a naturally occurring hydrocolloid found in the cell wall and middle lamella of many plants and has numerous functional applications in food and other related industries. The type of extraction methods used in production has a strong influence on the structural or physicochemical properties of the resultant pectin and the potential application or market value of the produced pectin. Many conventional extraction methods are well-established and commercially well adopted. However, the increased demand for pectin due to limitations of the existing methods in terms of efficiency and influence on end product quality has been renewed in developing novel techniques or procedures that help to alleviate these problems. In this review paper, a series of strategies involving the application of physical fields, such as acoustic, electromagnetic, electric and mechanical one, are reviewed for potential opportunities to improve the yield and quality attributes of pectin extracted from plant food wastes and byproducts. The extraction mechanism, processing equipment, key operating parameters as well as advantages and disadvantages of each method are systematically reviewed, and findings and conclusions on the potential applications of each method are described. Moreover, the challenges and future directions of physical field assisted extraction (PFAE) of pectin are also discussed to facilitate a better understanding of the complex mechanism in PFAE and optimizing operational parameters. This review may also provide specific theoretical information and practical applications to improve the design and scale up PFAE of pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ling
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hosahalli S Ramaswamy
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - James G Lyng
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jilong Gao
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaojin Wang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 213 L.J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA.
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Mantsevich SN, Kostyleva EI. Examination of an acoustic field longitudinal power distribution in quasicollinear acousto-optic cells. Ultrasonics 2023; 128:106875. [PMID: 36306633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quasicollinear geometry of acousto-optic (AO) diffraction is notable as makes it possible to achieve an extremely high AO interaction length and, consequently, an anomalously high spectral resolution for AO devices. This geometry is especially convenient for the implementation of multifrequency AO diffraction, which has found wide application for solving the problems related to the laser pulse shaping. Since acoustic beams propagate over long distances in quasicollinear AO devices, and optical radiation spectral components diffract in the acoustic field in different parts of the AO crystal, accurate calculation of the characteristics of such devices requires knowing the distribution of the acoustic field amplitude inside the AO cell. The acoustic beam structure is affected by several factors in quasicollinear AO cells: the dimensions of the piezoelectric transducer, the geometry of acoustic wave propagation in the AO cell, acoustic anisotropy and the acoustic energy absorption along the chosen direction in the crystalline material used. In this paper, we propose a generic method to measure the acoustic beam power distribution along the direction of its propagation in the quasicollinear AO cell in the presence of ultrasound power absorption and media acoustic absorption. The measurements were carried out for the ultrasound frequency range from 72 to 176 MHz, for the case when the wave vector of the acoustic beam is directed at an angle of 1.58∘ to the [110] axis in the (11¯0) plane of the paratellurite crystal. The ultrasound attenuation coefficients were obtained for frequency interval between 87 and 176 MHz and their linear dependence on ultrasound frequency was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Mantsevich
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; Space Research Institute (IKI), 84/32 Profsoyuznaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Yu Q, Zhang M, Ju R, Mujumdar AS, Wang H. Advances in prepared dish processing using efficient physical fields: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4031-4045. [PMID: 36300891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2138260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prepared dishes are increasingly popular convenience food that can be eaten directly from hygienic packaging by heating. Physics field (PF) is food processing method built with physical processing technology, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental safety. This review focuses on summarizing the application of PFs in prepared dishes, evaluating and comparing PFs through quality changes during processing and storage of prepared dishes. Currently, improving the quality and extending the shelf life of prepared dishes through thermal and non-thermal processing are the main modes of action of PFs. Most PFs show good potential in handing prepared dishes, but may also react poorly to some prepared dishes. In addition, the difficulty of precise control of processing conditions has led to research mostly at the laboratory stage, but as physical technology continues to break through, more PFs and multi-physical field will be promoted for commercial use in the future. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the effect of PFs on prepared dishes, and provides theoretical reference and practical basis for future processing research in the development of various enhanced PFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronghua Ju
- Agricultural and Forestry Products Deep Processing Technology and Equipment Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Yechun Food Production and Distribution Co., Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ma Y, Zhang G, Ma T. Interaction of two bubbles with distortion in an acoustic field. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 84:105953. [PMID: 35184007 PMCID: PMC8861464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles is obtained by considering the distrotion of two bubbles. The secondary Bjerknes forces in different acoustic fields are simulated, and the influence factors are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the distortion of a bubble has an important influence on the interaction of two bubbles. The strength and even the directions of the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion differ considerably from the predictions of the sherical symmetry theory. The results show that when two bubbles oscillated stably in an acoustic field, the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion is several times more than that of two spherical bubbles in the same condition. The secondary Bjerknes force of two bubble with distortion has more interaction distance than that of two spherical bubbles. The secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion depends on the distance of two bubbles, the shape mode of two bubbles, the equilibrium radii of two bubbles and the driving acoustic filed. The nonspherical distortion effects of the secondary Bjerknes has an importance on understanding the structure formation of bubbles and evolution process of bubble group in an acoustic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ning Xia Normal University, Gu Yuan 756000, China.
| | - Guoqian Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ning Xia Normal University, Gu Yuan 756000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ning Xia Normal University, Gu Yuan 756000, China
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Bai L, Sun J, Gao Y, Xu W, Zeng Z, Ma Y, Bai L. Circular motion of submillimeter-sized acoustic bubbles attached to a boundary by high-speed image analysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 74:105577. [PMID: 33946012 PMCID: PMC8111318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The circular motion of submillimeter-sized bubbles attached to a boundary in an 18.5 kHz ultrasonic field are investigated experimentally by high-speed photography and image analysis. It is found that the vibration of gas bubbles with diameters of 0.2-0.4 mm is between spherical radial vibration and regular surface fluctuation. Different from the circular motion of suspended bubbles in water, the circular motion of gas bubbles attached to a boundary presents some new characteristics. These bubbles attached to a boundary (wandering bubbles) will rotate around a fixed bubble array (holding bubbles). Both the wondering bubbles and holding bubbles are "degas" bubbles. The primary Bjerknes force acting on wandering bubbles in the acoustic wave field and the secondary Bjerknes force between the wandering bubbles and the holding bubbles strongly affects the circular motion. The circling and residence behavior of gas bubbles is described and analyzed in detail, which is helpful to understand and improve industrial applications such as ultrasonic cleaning, sonochemical treatment, aeration and cavitation reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Bai
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China
| | - Jinguang Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China.
| | - Yandong Gao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhije Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuhang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Xiao J, Xiao M, Wang B, Huang Z, Peng K. Acoustic field simulation method for arbitrarily shaped transducer with dynamically refined sub-elements. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 8:1084-1094. [PMID: 30701162 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Simulation of the emitted acoustic field is crucial to the design of ultrasound transducers. The method based on the spatial impulse response (SIR) and aperture discretization provides a powerful tool to study the acoustic field emitted by a transducer with complex aperture geometry and sophisticated apodization/excitation pattern. Methods In this work, a new method based on the dynamically refined sub-elements (SE) is employed to discrete the aperture and generate the SIR. Then, these SIRs are convoluted with the excitation pulse to get the acoustic pressure (AP) signal. When calculating the SIR with this method, the slowly changed time flight from a SE to a field point (FP) is approximated with a step function, and the fast changed length of intersection between a SE and a spherical wave centered at a FP is accurately estimated with the areas of the sub-parts (SP) which are given by the dynamically refined SE. Results Simulations of the acoustic field created by a focusing transducer array and a hollow structured point focusing transducer indicate that the proposed new method can give similar data accuracy with a sampling frequency 16 times lower than the conventional time tracing SE (TTSE) based method. The computational cost is also reduced by nearly one order of magnitude. Conclusions A new method is proposed to simulate the acoustic field emitted by transducers with complex geometrical structure and sophisticated apodization/excitation patterns. The required sampling frequency with the new algorithm is greatly reduced compared to that of the conventional TTSE-based method; thus, the efficiency of the acoustic field calculation is improved significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengdi Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhongchao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Qiao Z, Dong W, Huang Y, Naso V. Effect of temperature tuning on the aerosol acoustic aggregation process. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:161-170. [PMID: 29778149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust aerosols (DEAs) can absorb and accumulate toxic metal particulates and bacteria suspended in the atmospheric environment, which impact human health and the environment. The use of acoustic standing waves (ASWs) to aggregate DEA is currently considered to be an efficient particle removal method; however, study of the effect of different temperatures on the acoustic aggregation process is scarce. To explore the method and technology to regulate and optimize the aerosol aggregation process through temperature tuning, an acoustic apparatus integrated with a temperature regulation function was constructed. Using this apparatus, the effect of different characteristic temperatures (CTs) on the aerosol aggregation process was investigated experimentally in the ASW environment. Under constant conditions of acoustic frequency 1.286kHz, voltage amplitude 17V and input electric power 16.7W, the study concentrated on temperature effects on the aggregation process in the CT range of 58-72°C. The DEA opacity was used. The results demonstrate that the aggregation process is quite sensitive to the CT, and that the optimal DEA aggregation can be achieved at 66°C. The aggregated particles of 68.17μm are composed of small nanoparticles of 13.34-62.15nm. At CTs higher and lower than 66°C, the apparatus in non-resonance mode reduces the DEA aggregation level. For other instruments, the method for obtaining the optimum temperature for acoustic agglomeration is universal. This preliminary demonstration shows that the use of acoustic technology to regulate the aerosol aggregation process through tuning the operating temperature is feasible and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Yaji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Vincenzo Naso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 Rome, Italy
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Lee S, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Kim HM, Lee SH, Cho SB. Morphometric analysis of high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced lipolysis on cadaveric abdominal and thigh skin. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1143-1151. [PMID: 28451817 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-focused ultrasound and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices induce lipolysis by generating acoustic cavitation and coagulation necrosis in targeted tissues. We aimed to investigate the morphometric characteristics of immediate tissue reactions induced by 2 MHz, 13-mm focused HIFU via two-dimensional ultrasound images and histologic evaluation of cadaveric skin from the abdomen and thigh. Acoustic fields of a 2 MHz, 38-mm HIFU transducer were characterized by reconstruction of the fields using acoustic intensity measurement. Additionally, abdominal and thigh tissues from a fresh cadaver were treated with a HIFU device for a single, two, and three pulses at the pulse energy of 130 J/cm2 and a penetration depth of 13 mm. Acoustic intensity measurement revealed characteristic focal zones of significant thermal injury at the depth of 38 mm. In both the abdomen and thigh tissue, round to oval ablative thermal injury zones (TIZs) were visualized in subcutaneous fat layers upon treatment with a single pulse of HIFU treatment. Two to three HIFU pulses generated larger and more remarkable ablative zones throughout subcutaneous fat layers. Finally, experimental treatment in a tumescent infiltration-like setting induced larger HIFU-induced TIZs of an oval or columnar shape, compared to non-tumescent settings. Although neither acoustic intensity measurement nor cadaveric tissue exactly reflects in vivo HIFU-induced reactions in human tissue, we believe that our data will help guide further in vivo studies in investigating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of HIFU-induced lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - So Hyun Lee
- Miaero Clinic, Lase Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Cho
- Kangskin Sillim Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Simgok-ro 100gil, 25 Seo-gu, 404-834, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Wei Z, Weavers LK. Combining COMSOL modeling with acoustic pressure maps to design sono-reactors. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 31:490-8. [PMID: 26964976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scaled-up and economically viable sonochemical systems are critical for increased use of ultrasound in environmental and chemical processing applications. In this study, computational simulations and acoustic pressure maps were used to design a larger-scale sono-reactor containing a multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics showed ultrasonic waves emitted from the horn neck and tip, generating multiple regions of high acoustic pressure. The volume of these regions surrounding the horn neck were larger compared with those below the horn tip. The simulated acoustic field was verified by acoustic pressure contour maps generated from hydrophone measurements in a plexiglass box filled with water. These acoustic pressure contour maps revealed an asymmetric and discrete distribution of acoustic pressure due to acoustic cavitation, wave interaction, and water movement by ultrasonic irradiation. The acoustic pressure contour maps were consistent with simulation results in terms of the effective scale of cavitation zones (∼ 10 cm and <5 cm above and below horn tip, respectively). With the mapped acoustic field and identified cavitation location, a cylindrically-shaped sono-reactor with a conical bottom was designed to evaluate the treatment capacity (∼ 5 L) for the multi-stepped horn using COMSOL simulations. In this study, verification of simulation results with experiments demonstrates that coupling of COMSOL simulations with hydrophone measurements is a simple, effective and reliable scientific method to evaluate reactor designs of ultrasonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Wei
- Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda K Weavers
- Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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