Health personnel perception about central sensitivity syndrome-fibromyalgia patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Fibromyalgia is characterized by musculoskeletal pain and asthenia of chronic course. Fibromyalgia patients are often a challenge for the health care community as a whole. Existing studies are often limited to the opinion of rheumatologists or family physicians. With this study we seek to know what are the actions, perceptions and knowledge of health professionals as a whole when caring for patients with this disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Descriptive cross-sectional study, by means of a self-administered and anonymous survey. Distributed mainly in hospital wards and primary care centers. Statistical analysis of the variables collected was performed (p < 0.05).

RESULTS

200 surveys were collected, most of them physicians 63.5% (n = 127) or nurses 25.5% (n = 51). 71% of physicians reported using the WHO analgesic scale. 53% (n = 59) use NSAIDs or Paracetamol. Antidepressants are the third drug of choice. Most believe that the referral specialists should be rheumatologists or primary care physicians, a similar percentage, that management should be multidisciplinary. 52% feel discouraged or annoyed when dealing with these patients. Physicians have more negative connotations and believe that the care that the patient receives is mostly influenced by the diagnosis of fibromyalgia, compared to nurses and other professionals.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that the lack of knowledge and therapeutic tools generates, to a large extent, frustration and discomfort in health personnel. It is important to develop new approaches to this entity.

Nursing care in perinatal grief. A systematic and critical review of attitudes and knowledge in clinical practice

AIM

To review and synthesize the available evidence on the attitudes and knowledge of nurses regarding the perinatal grief of the parents.

METHODS

A systematic review of original articles published from January 2016 to February 2023 without language limit in the Scopus, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and Web Of Science databases was carried out. The Prisma Statement methodological framework was used for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The entire process was carried out in pairs, with discrepancies being resolved by a third reviewer. The quality of the articles was evaluated following the CASPe criteria (Critical Appraisal Skills Program Spanish).

RESULTS

Twelve articles were obtained in this review after applying the inclusion criteria, of which. Except for one cross-sectional quantitative study (8.33%), the rest were qualitative studies carried out through interviews (75%) or discussion groups (16.66%). It is highlighted that there are different biopsychosocial problems related to the care needs demanded by the family and that, due to poor training or culture of the health professional, are not adequately addressed.

DISCUSSION

The studies found show various resources to adequately attend to perinatal grief, there being discrepancies in relation to allowing or not allowing the body of the deceased baby to be shown and/or taken; There are also disagreements regarding whether the healthcare team should base its practice on protocols or theories such as the Kubler-Ross theory of grief. Most of the studies (75%) consider that more training and awareness is necessary, contemplating the biopsychosocial nature of the user.

The Roma population's fear of donating their own organs for transplantation

BACKGROUND

The refusal rate for donating organs among the Roma people is much higher than that of any other social group.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the attitude towards the donation of one's own organs among the Roma population living in Spain.

METHOD

.

TYPE OF STUDY

Spanish national observational sociological study stratified by gender and age.

STUDY POPULATION

Roma population aged ≥15 years living in Spain.

SAMPLE SIZE

1,253 respondents. Assessment instrument: Validated questionnaire on attitude towards organ donation for transplantation "PCID - DTO Ríos". Field work: Random selection based on stratification. Anonymous and self-administered completion. The collaboration of people of Roma ethnicity was required.

STATISTICS

Student's t test, χ², Fisher's exact test and a logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

The degree of completion was 18.2% (n = 228). Of those who completed the questionnaire, 42.1% (n = 96) were in favor of donation, 30.3% (n = 69) were undecided and the remaining 27.6% (n = 63) were against it. Of the 1,025 (81.8%) who declined to complete the questionnaire, 1,004 (98%) indicated that it was for fear of speaking about and filling in a questionnaire that raises the issue of death and organ donation after death. If those who did not complete the questionnaire due to fear of death and donating organs after death are considered not in favor, the results would be as follows: 7.8% (n = 96) in favor of donating their organs compared to 92.2% (n = 1166) not in favor (against or undecided).

CONCLUSIONS

A majority of the Roma population prefer not speak of death nor organ donation after death. These findings show that current campaigns to promote organ donation are not effective in this population group.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses regarding oral hygiene of dependent inpatients

OBJECTIVE

Assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards oral hygiene of dependent inpatients.

METHODS

Quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire applied to 100 nurses from internal medicine wards of two hospitals in Northern Portugal, which assessed three dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oral hygiene. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in oral care were summarized in statistical descriptions including percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations using SPSS version 23 for data analysis.

RESULTS

The mean total knowledge score was 13.98 out of 22 and the participants' mean score of the attitudes towards oral care was 48.35 out of 60 points. All participants acknowledge the importance of oral care for inpatients, with 96% associating poor oral hygiene with systemic disease. As for practices, 90% of participants assess the need for oral care of inpatients in the first 24 h, and 61% document the result of this assessment.

CONCLUSION

The results show that although participants are aware of the importance of oral care, knowledge and practices are not consistent. Concerning oral health practices, it is urgent to narrow the gap between evidence and practice and promote oral care standardization.

[Adolescents' attitude toward soft drinks and factors associated with their consumption]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate adolescents' attitudes towards soft drinks and identify the underlying factors that are associated with their consumption of such drinks.

METHOD

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 213 adolescents aged between 10 and 19years living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their socio-demographic and soft drinks consumption-related characteristics, and their attitudes towards soft drinks. Structural equation modelling was employed to identify the potential factors associated with soft drink consumption among adolescents.

RESULTS

More than 80% of the adolescents consumed soft drinks at least once a week. Overall, adolescents had a positive attitude toward soft drinks. Results revealed that adolescent's attitudes, gender, accessibility of soft drinks at school/college, distance from home to shop, outside food intake habit and parents' soft drinks consumption were the factors associated with their consumption of soft drinks.

CONCLUSION

High proportion of adolescents consumed soft drinks. Thus, a community and individual level nutrition education programme with targeted behaviour change might be helpful to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages among adolescents.

Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices of health services vocational schools' students with regard to COVID-19

INTRODUCTION

The most critical intervention to control SARS-CoV-2 infection requires appropriate knowledge and attitude towards the virus.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students of a health services' vocational school with regard to COVID-19.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2020 in a university of the Turkish region. Data were collected through an online survey portal.

RESULTS

Four hundred and fifty-four questionnaires were completed and returned. Students of medical laboratory techniques and first aid and emergency medicine had significantly higher knowledge scores (p < 0.001). More than 43 % of the students (n = 201) used the TV as their main source of information on COVID-19. There was a positive attitude towards preventive measures such as avoiding crowded places and maintaining hand hygiene and social distance.

CONCLUSIONS

Health services vocational school students have good knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. The main sources of information were the TV and social media. For this reason, more attention should be given to these issues in the curriculum in order for science-based information sources to be used.

Spanish radiology residents' views on breast imaging

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate radiology residents' opinions about breast imaging and the possibility of choosing this subspecialty after completing their residency.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We elaborated a 15-question survey aimed at radiology residents in Spain. The survey was approved by the Spanish Society of Breast Imaging (SEDIM) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and it was disseminated by the SERAM through links to Google Forms via social networks and emails. Responses sent between February 21, 2020 and July 31, 2020 were accepted.

RESULTS

A total of 72 residents responded to the survey (7.83% response rate); 69.44% of these were third- or fourth-year residents. Of the respondents, 73.61% knew about the SEDIM, and 18.06% knew about the European Society of Breast Imaging. The duration of training programs was three months for 70.83% of respondents. In 7.84% of the responses, residents stated that their supervision was less than 50%, and 70.59% of the residents stated that the rotation exceeded their expectations. One-third of the respondents would consider a fellowship in breast imaging. In all hospitals, residents did diagnostic mammography and breast ultrasound; not all did interventional procedures. Aspects of breast imaging that were rated negatively included the lack of CT studies and the possible legal repercussions of errors. Aspects that were rated positively were dynamics, interventionism, and the role of the radiologist in the process of care for patients with breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Most residents considered that their rotations in breast imaging exceeded their expectations; however, only a small percentage of residents would consider specializing in the field.

[Factors that influence compliance with hand hygiene in healthcare professionals: A concept mapping study]

OBJECTIVE

To identify factors that may influence hand hygiene compliance by professional category and clinical department.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Use was made of concept mapping methodology, a tool that combines a qualitative analysis with a quantitative statistical analysis, in order to identify the most influential and important factors for the fulfilment of hand hygiene in 2 clinical departments (Infectious and General Surgery) of the Hospital del Mar.

RESULTS

The study included a total of 42 volunteer professionals from General Surgery (6 doctors and 10 nurses) and from Infectious Diseases (11 doctors and 10 nurses) clinical departments, as well as 5 hospital porters. High correlations of influential and important factors for hand hygiene compliance were observed between nurses and doctors in the Infectious Diseases Department (r=0.93 vs. r=0.69, respectively). In contrast, the correlation was lower among surgical professionals (r=-0.17 for influence and r=0.51 for importance). Professionals identified the most influential factors in compliance as training and adequate resources, taking into account professional category and clinical department.

CONCLUSION

The design of interventions to improve compliance with hand hygiene should take into account the perceptions of different professionals in order to adapt actions to each professional group.

Knowledge and attitude on donation of breast milk in hospitalized mothers

OBJECTIVE

To understand the knowledge and attitude of breast milk donation among hospitalized mothers, and provide data to support the establishment and development of breast milk bank in China.

METHODS

By convenient sampling method, 200 hospitalized mothers were interviewed by 'The Questionnaire on Knowledge and Attitude toward Breast Milk Donation in Hospitalized Mothers' in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from September 2015 to November 2018.

RESULTS

The overall correct answer rate about the knowledge on breast milk donation was not high (29.23%). The average score of breast milk donation attitude was relatively low, with a score of 32.97 ± 4.30.

CONCLUSION

The average correct answer rate for breast milk donation knowledge was relatively low, and the attitude on breast milk donation was not positive. The scope and intensity of breast milk donation are suggested to be expanded to promote the construction of breast milk banks.

Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: impact on prescription attitudes and habits

INTRODUCTION

The physician-pharmaceutical industry relationship has been identified as an ethical problem, due to conflicts of interest motivated by the benefits that doctors receive and that can affect their clinical judgment.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the frequency of physicians participation in activities financed by the pharmaceutical industry (PI), their attitudes towards PI representatives (PIRs), their prescriptive behavior and the association between their characteristics and their workplace with their participation in activities financed by the PI.

METHOD

Cross-sectional survey to internists and cardiologists. The questionnaire included characteristics of the doctors and their workplace, participation in activities financed by the PI, attitudes towards PIRs, and prescription behavior.

RESULTS

455 questionnaires were analyzed; 78.5 % of surveyed subjects were aware of the physician-PI relationship, the majority acknowledged meeting with PIRs, 30 % indicated having received financial subsidies and 10 % considered that gifts affect their prescription. Having prior knowledge of the physician-PI relationship was associated with less participation in PI-financed educational activities.

CONCLUSION

Practices and preferences towards the PI show the need to design strategies to avoid inappropriate prescription.

INTRODUCCIÓN

La relación médico-industria farmacéutica (IF) se ha identificado como un problema ético por favorecer conflictos de interés derivados de los beneficios que reciben los médicos y que pueden afectar su juicio clínico.

OBJETIVO

Identificar la frecuencia de participación de médicos en actividades financiadas por la IF, las actitudes de estos profesionales hacia los representantes de la IF, su conducta prescriptiva y la asociación de sus características y del trabajo con la participación en actividades financiadas por la IF.

MÉTODO

Encuesta transversal a médicos internistas y cardiólogos. El cuestionario incluyó características de los médicos y centro de trabajo, participación en actividades financiadas por la IF, actitudes hacia los representantes y conducta de prescripción.

RESULTADOS

Se analizaron 455 cuestionarios, 78.5 % de los encuestados tuvo conocimiento de la relación médico-IF, la mayoría respondió reunirse con representantes de la IF, 30 % indicó haber recibido subsidios financieros y 10 % consideró que los obsequios afectan su prescripción. Tener conocimiento previo de la relación médico-IF se asoció con menor participación en actividades educativas financiadas por por la IF.

CONCLUSIÓN

Las prácticas y preferencias hacia la IF muestran la necesidad de diseñar estrategias para evitar la prescripción inapropiada.

Behaviors, Attitudes, and Knowledge Related to Sun Exposure Among Medical Students at the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

INTRODUCTION

The incidence of skin cancer, for which the main risk factor is exposure to ultraviolet radiation, has risen worldwide. Sunburn is one of the simplest ways to assess sun exposure habits. To date, few studies have evaluated sun exposure in university students.

OBJECTIVES

To determine behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure and sun protection measures among medical students at the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; and to assess their relation to sunburn frequency.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The voluntary participants in this cross-sectional survey were first-, second- and sixth-year university students enrolled during the 2016-2017 academic year. The students responded to a validated questionnaire about their habits, attitudes, and knowledge in relation to sun exposure. Respondents were grouped according to the number of sunburns they had experienced during the previous summer.

RESULTS

A total of 286 students responded. The students demonstrated a high level of knowledge, but the percentage who experienced a sunburn was high. Multivariate analysis showed independent correlations between experiencing a sunburn and age, male sex, academic year of enrollment at the time of the survey, phototype, and negative attitudes toward the use of sun protection measures.

CONCLUSIONS

Our medical students' level of knowledge about sun exposure and sun protection is high and scarcely varies with time spent at the university. However, their knowledge is not reflected in their behavior and attitudes or in the frequency of sunburns.

[Sexist attitudes and recognition of abuse in young couples]

Objetivo

Explorar la asociación entre las actitudes de rol de género y el reconocimiento del maltrato en jóvenes.

Diseño

Estudio transversal.

Emplazamiento

Cincuenta y siete centros de educación secundaria, formación profesional y universitaria de 5 provincias españolas (Huelva, Sevilla, A Coruña, Pontevedra y Asturias).

Participantes

Un total de 4.337 estudiantes de entre 15 y 26 años (40,6% chicos y 59,4% chicas) que mantuvieron una relación de pareja durante un mes o más.

Mediciones principales

Se utilizó la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género, con 20 indicadores de actitudes igualitarias o sexistas a nivel familiar, social y laboral. También se estudió si la persona estaba en una situación de maltrato percibido (MP), maltrato no percibido (MNP) o no maltrato (NM).

Resultados

En el conjunto de la muestra, el 68,6% se declaró NM, el 26,4% vivía una situación de MNP y el 5,0% reconoció sufrir maltrato. El MP fue más frecuente entre las chicas (6,3%), en los/as ≥ 18 años (6,4%) y en el alumnado universitario (6,9%). El MNP fue más habitual en los chicos (30,2%). Las actitudes más sexistas se encontraron en la dimensión laboral, y especialmente en varones y en adolescentes (15-17 años). Las actitudes menos sexistas se asociaron con menor probabilidad de vivir situaciones de MNP (odds ratio = 0,71; p-tendencia < 0,001).

Conclusiones

El sexismo parece dificultar el reconocimiento del maltrato. Lograr la equidad de género en la adolescencia y juventud es imprescindible. Los esfuerzos deberían centrarse en los varones, por ser el grupo con actitudes más sexistas y con mayor prevalencia de MNP.

Knowledge and attitudes of primary care nurses about the management of patients with insomnia

OBJECTIVE

To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of primary care nurses in the management of patients with insomnia.

METHODS

Descriptive study. An online questionnaire was sent to all primary care nurses of the Majorca Primary Care Department between June-July 2014.

MEASUREMENTS

sociodemographic variables, professional characteristics, tuition, usual clinical practice in the management of patients with insomnia.

RESULTS

138 nurses answered the questionnaire (47%). Most of them were women (92.8%), 50.42 years old (DE=8.9). The majority considered insomnia an important health problem. Only 11% had received some formative activity on insomnia in the last 5 years. Nearly half declares to ask patients about consequences of insomnia in their jobs and about habits that alter their sleep quality. 79.7% considered the possible adverse effects of insomnia drugs and take into consideration the age of patient (80.4%). The usual treatments were sleep hygiene (76%), phytotherapy (44.9%) and 22.4% cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This therapy is considered effective and applicable by nurses (63.7%) and doctors (58%). Those nurses who attended courses in the last 5 years apply CBT more frequently.

CONCLUSIONS

Nurses conduct a correct anamnesis and evaluation of patients with insomnia. However some therapies of known effectiveness, such as CBT, are still scarcely applied.

[Attitudes to insomnia by Primary Care physicians of Majorca (Spain)]

OBJECTIVES

To describe the current clinical management of insomnia by family physicians.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Majorca Health Area, 2011-2012.

PARTICIPANTS

Family physicians (FP). Paediatricians, resident physicians and emergency physicians were excluded.

MEASUREMENTS

Using a self-administered questionnaire, the following variables were collected: social, demographic, professional, training in insomnia, prescription preferences, and its clinical management.

RESULTS

A total of 322 of 435 physicians answered (74%), of whom 55% were female. The mean age was 48 years with a mean of 21 years in the profession. Most of them consider insomnia as a major health problem, and refer to asking patients about sleep habits and its impact on daily life. About one third have been trained in insomnia in the last 5 years. Very few (0.6%) refers patients to a psychiatrist, and 1.9% to a psychologist. The most prescribed drugs are benzodiazepines (33.4%) and Z drugs (25.7%), with 69.4% of them claiming to have checked the treatment after month of onset. Most refer to advice about sleep hygiene measures (85.1%), 15.1% prescribe herbal remedies, and 14.2% behavioural cognitive therapy (CBT). Seven out of ten physicians consider CBT as effective and applicable by both physicians and nurses. The older FPs prescribe benzodiazepines with less frequency, while female FPs prescribe more sleep hygiene measures and herbal remedies.

CONCLUSIONS

Most FPs consider insomnia as a major health problem, in which they usually get involved. The most commonly used treatments are sleep hygiene advice, followed by benzodiazepines and Z drugs. The CBT is considered effective but not widely used.

[Effect of an educational intervention on the attitudes of the nurses of primary care on depression]

OBJECTIVE

To describe nurse attitudes toward depression, using a standardized questionnaire and to evaluate how a training workshop can modify or influence these attitudes.

METHODS

A prospective study based on the application of the Depression Attitude Questionnaire, before and six months after, participating in a training day on the nursing role in the management of depression in Primary Care. The sample consisted of 40 Primary Care nurses from 10 health centers in the province of Tarragona.

RESULTS

Nurses are in a neutral position when considering the management of depressed patients as a difficult task, or to feel comfortable in this task, but there is a high degree of acceptance of the claim that the time spent caring for depressed patients is rewarding. In general, there was little significant difference in the mean scores for the different items of the Depression Attitude Questionnaire, before and six months, after the training intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The attitude towards the management of depression in Primary Care and to the role that nurses can play in this task is generally favorable. Fruitful training and organizational initiatives can be established in order to define and structure the nursing role in the management of depression in Primary Care.

[Hospital-based multicenter study in Spain, Mexico and Cuba on attitudes to living liver donation]

INTRODUCTION

Given the lack of a sufficient number of livers available for transplantation, living liver donation (LLD) is being developed in the Spanish-speaking world. To do this, it is essential that health workers in hospitals are in favor of such donation, given that they are a key component in this treatment and that their attitudes influence public opinion.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze attitude toward LLD among hospital personnel from healthcare centers in Spain and Latin America.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Ten hospitals were selected from the «International Donor Collaborative Project»: 3 from Spain, 5 from Mexico and 2 from Cuba. Random sampling stratified by type of service and job category was used. Attitudes to LLD were evaluated through a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects. The questionnaire was anonymous and self-administered. Statistical tests consisted of Student's T test, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 2,618 employees surveyed, 85% (n=2,231) were in favor of related LLD; of these, 31% (n=804) were in favor of unrelated LLD. No association was found between the country of the interviewed, personal-social variables or work-related variables. The following factors were associated with a favorable attitude toward related LLD donation: having had personal experience of donation and transplantation (P<.001); being in favor of deceased donation (P<.001); believing that one might need a possible transplant (P<.001); being in favor of living kidney donation (P<.001); being willing to accept a liver from a living donor (P<.001); having discussed the matter of donation and transplantation within the family (P<.001) and with one's partner (P<.001); carrying out pro-social type activities (P<.001); being Catholic (P=.040); believing that one's religion is in favor of donation and transplantation (P<.001); and not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital personnel from Spain and Latin America had a favorable attitude toward LLD, which was associated with factors directly and indirectly related to donation and transplantation, family and religious factors, and attitudes toward the body.

[Meanings attributed to management as an explanation for clinician managers' attitudes and professional identity]

OBJECTIVE

To understand the process by which clinician managers construct their professional identities and develop their attitudes toward managing.

METHODS

A qualitative study was performed, based on grounded theory, through in-depth interviews with 20 clinician managers selected through theoretical sampling in two public hospitals of Catalonia (Spain), participant observation, and documentation.

RESULTS

Clinician managers' role meanings are constructed by comparing their roles with those of senior managers and clinicians. In this process, clinician managers seek to differentiate themselves from senior managers through the meanings constructed. In particular, they use proximity with reality and clinical knowledge as the main sources of differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS

This study sheds light on why clinician managers develop adverse attitudes to managing and why they define themselves as clinicians rather than as managers. The explanation lies in the construction of the meanings they assign to managing as the basis of their attitudes to this role and professional identity. These findings have some practical implications for healthcare management.

Ancillary personnel in Spanish and Latin-American hospitals faced with living related kidney donation

INTRODUCTION

Ancillary hospital personnel represent an important body of opinion because as they work in a hospital their opinion has more credibility for the general public as a result of their activity in hospitals. However, in most cases they do not have any health care training which means that their attitude could be based on a lack of knowledge or unfounded fears.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation (LKD) among ancillary personnel in Spanish and Latin-American hospitals and to analyze the variables that might influence such attitude.

PATIENTS AND METHOD

from «International Collaborative Donor Project» a random sample was taken among ancillary personnel in Spain, Mexico and Cuba hospitals. Attitude towards LKD was evaluated using a validated, anonymously filled and self-administered survey.

RESULTS

951 professionals were surveyed (Spain: 277, Mexico: 632, Cuba: 42). 89% (n=850) are in favor of related kidney donation, lowering to 31% (n=289) in non-related donation. Of the rest, 8% (n=78) are not in favor and the 3% (n=23) are unsure. By country, Cubans (98%) and Mexicans (91%) are more in favour than Spanish (84%) (P=.001). The following variables are related to favourable attitude towards LKD: female sex (P=.017), university degree (P=.010), work in health services (P=.035), labour stability (P=.016), personal experience in donation and transplantation (P=.001), positive attitude toward cadaveric donation (P<.001), belief that he or she might need a transplant in the future (P<.001), positive attitude towards living liver donation (P<.001), a willingness to receive a donated living liver if needed (P<.001), having discussed the subject of organ donation and transplantation within the family (P<.001), partner's positive attitude towards the subject (P<.001), participation in voluntary type pro-social activities (P=.002) and not being concerned about possible mutilation after donation (P<.001) CONCLUSIONS: The attitude toward living related kidney donation is favourable among ancillary personnel in Spanish and Latin-Americans hospitals. Because living donation is a better source of organs than cadaveric ones, this favourable predisposition can be used as promoting agent of living donation in order to develop it in Spanish-speaking countries.

Spanish-Latin American multicenter study of attitudes toward organ donation among personnel from hospital healthcare centers

INTRODUCTION

Hospital personnel are a group which has an influence on the opinion of the rest of the population about healthcare matters. Any unfavorable attitude of this group would be an obstacle to an increase in organ donation.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the attitude of hospital workers toward the donation of one's own organs in Spanish and Latin American hospitals and to determine the factors affecting this attitude.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Eleven hospitals from the "International Collaborative Donor Project" were selected, 3 in Spain, 5 in Mexico, 2 in Cuba and one in Costa Rica. A random sample was stratified by the type of service and job category. Attitude toward donation and transplantation was assessed using a validated survey. The questionnaire was completed anonymously and was self-administered.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Student's t-test, the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Of the 2,785 workers surveyed, 822 were from Spain, 1,595 from Mexico, 202 from Cuba and 166 from Costa Rica and 79% (n=2,191) were in favor of deceased organ donation. According to country, 94% (n=189) of Cubans were in favor, compared to 82% (n=1,313) of the Mexicans, 73% (n=121) of the Costa Ricans and 69% (n=568) of the Spanish (P<.001). In the multivariate analysis, the following variables had the most specific weight: 1) originating from Cuba (odds ratio=8.196; P<.001); 2) being a physician (OR= 2.544; P<.001); 3) performing a job related to transplantation (OR = 1.610; P=.005); 4) having discussed the subject of donation and transplantation within the family (OR= 3.690; P<.001); 5) having a partner with a favorable attitude toward donation and transplantation (OR= 3.289; P<.001); 6) a respondent's belief that his or her religion is in favor of donation and transplantation (OR= 3.021; P=.001); 7) not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (OR= 2.994; P<.001); 8) the preference for other options apart from burial for treating the body after death (OR= 2.770; P<.001); and 9) acceptance of carrying out an autopsy if one were needed (OR= 2.808; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Hospital personnel in Spanish and Latin American healthcare centers had a favorable attitude toward donation, although 21% of respondents were not in favor of donating. This attitude was more favorable among Latin American workers and was very much conditioned by job-related and psychosocial factors.

[Design and validation of a questionnaire on attitudes to prevention and health promotion in primary care (CAPPAP)]

Objetivo

Elaborar y validar un instrumento para medir las actitudes ante las actividades de prevención y promoción de la salud.

Diseño

Estudio descriptivo transversal para la validación de un cuestionario.

Emplazamiento

Atención primaria (comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, España).

Participantes

Se incluyeron 282 profesionales (enfermeras y médicos) pertenecientes al sistema sanitario público.

Mediciones principales

Validación de contenido por expertos, efectos techo y suelo, concordancia entre ítems, consistencia interna, estabilidad y análisis factorial exploratorio.

Resultados

Se obtiene un instrumento (CAPPAP) que agrupa en 5 dimensiones los 56 ítems recogidos a partir de la revisión de otras herramientas y de las aportaciones de los expertos. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de acuerdo entre expertos superior al 70% en todos los ítems, así como una alta concordancia entre los ítems de prevención y promoción, por lo que se eliminan los ítems duplicados quedando una herramienta final de 44 ítems. La consistencia interna del CAPPAP, medida a través de alfa de Cronbach, fue de 0,888. El test-retest nos indica concordancias entre sustanciales y casi perfectas. El análisis factorial exploratorio identifica 5 factores que explicaban un 48,92% de la varianza.

Conclusiones

El CAPPAP es un instrumento de fácil y rápida administración, que es bien aceptado por los profesionales y que presenta unos resultados psicométricos aceptables, tanto a nivel global como a nivel de cada dimensión.