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Xu Y, Li H, Sun N, Yao B, Dai W, Wang J, Si S, Liu S, Jiang L. Dry Powder Formulations for Inhalation Require a Smaller Aerodynamic Diameter for Usage at High Altitude. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2655-2666. [PMID: 37595750 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) seriously threatens the health of people at high altitudes. There are drug treatments for HAPE, and dry powder formulations (DPFs) represent a rapid and accessible delivery vehicle for these drugs. However, there are presently no reports on the inhalability of DPFs in low-pressure environments. Given the reduced atmospheric pressure typical at high altitudes, conventional DPFs might not be suitable for inhalation. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the deposition behaviors of dry powder in the respiratory tract at low pressure, as well as to improve their pulmonary deposition efficiency via adjustments to their formulation and design. METHODS The effect of air pressure, inspiratory velocity, and particle properties (such as size, density, and aerodynamic diameter) on pulmonary deposition of DPFs was calculated by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-coupled discrete phase model. DPFs of various aerodynamic diameters were prepared by spray drying, and the inhalability of these DPFs in a low-pressure environment was evaluated in mice. Finally, a mouse model of HAPE was established, and the treatment of HAPE by nifedipine-loaded DPFs with small aerodynamic diameter was validated. RESULTS CFD results showed that low pressure decreased the deposition of DPFs in the lungs. At 0.5 standard atmosphere, DPFs with aerodynamic diameter of ∼2.0 μm could not enter the lower respiratory tract; however, a decrease in the physical diameter, density, and, consequently, the aerodynamic diameter of the DPFs was able to enhance pulmonary deposition of these powders. To validate the CFD results, three kinds of dry powder with aerodynamic diameters of 0.66, 0.98, and 2.00 μm were prepared by spray drying. Powders with smaller aerodynamic diameter could be inhaled into the lungs of mice more effectively, and, consequently could ameliorate the progression of HAPE more effectively than conventional powders. These results were consistent with the CFD results. CONCLUSIONS Low atmospheric pressure can prevent the pulmonary deposition of DPFs at high altitudes. Compared with conventional DPFs, powders with smaller aerodynamic diameter can be effectively inhaled at these pressures and thus might be more suitable for the treatment the HAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Nan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China; The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang 222042, China
| | - Bingmei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Wenjin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Sujia Si
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China.
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Yamamoto E, Taquahashi Y, Kuwagata M, Saito H, Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Sato F, Kitajima S, Ogawa K, Izutsu KI, Saito Y, Hirabayashi Y, Iimura Y, Honma M, Okuda H, Goda Y. Visualizing the spatial localization of ciclesonide and its metabolites in rat lungs after inhalation of 1-μm aerosol of ciclesonide by desorption electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry imaging. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120241. [PMID: 33484917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled ciclesonide (CIC), a corticosteroid used to treat asthma that is also being investigated for the treatment of corona virus disease 2019, hydrolyzes to desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (des-CIC) followed by reversible esterification when exposed to fatty acids in lungs. While previous studies have described the distribution and metabolism of the compounds after inhalation, spatial localization in the lungs remains unclear. We visualized two-dimensional spatial localization of CIC and its metabolites in rat lungs after administration of a single dose of a CIC aerosol (with the mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.918-1.168 μm) using desorption electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). In the analysis, CIC, des-CIC, and des-CIC-oleate were imaged in frozen lung sections at high spatial and mass resolutions in negative-ion mode. MSI revealed the coexistence of CIC, des-CIC, and des-CIC-oleate on the airway epithelium, and the distribution of des-CIC and des-CIC-oleate in peripheral lung regions. In addition, a part of CIC independently localized on the airway epithelium. These results suggest that distribution of CIC and its metabolites in lungs is related to both the intended delivery of aerosols to pulmonary alveoli and peripheral regions, and the potential deposition of CIC particles on the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Yamamoto
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institutes of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Makiko Kuwagata
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institutes of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hirokatsu Saito
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institutes of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Futoshi Sato
- APS and Technology Center, Nihon Waters K.K., 1-3-12 Kitashinagawa, Shinagaw-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitajima
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institutes of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Izutsu
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institutes of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirabayashi
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iimura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Honma
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Okuda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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Gao H, Hammer T, Zhang X, He W, Xu G, Wang J. Quantifying respiratory tract deposition of airborne graphene nanoplatelets: The impact of plate-like shape and folded structure. NanoImpact 2021; 21:100292. [PMID: 35559781 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The booming development of commercial products containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) triggers growing concerns over their release into the air. Precise prediction of human respiratory system deposition of airborne GNPs, especially in alveolar region, is very important for inhalation exposure assessment. In this study, the pulmonary deposition of airborne GNPs was predicted by the multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model with consideration of GNPs plate-like shape and folded structure effect. Different equivalent diameters of GNPs were derived and utilized to describe different deposition mechanisms in the MPPD model. Both of small GNPs (geometric lateral size dg < 0.1 μm) and large GNPs (dg > 10 μm) had high deposition fractions in human respiratory system. The total deposition fractions for 0.1 and 30 μm GNPs were 41.6% and 75.6%, respectively. Most of the small GNPs deposited in the alveolar region, while the large GNPs deposited in the head airways. The aerodynamic diameter of GNPs was much smaller than the geometric lateral dimension due to the nanoscale thickness. For GNPs with geometric lateral size of 30 μm, the aerodynamic diameter was 2.98 μm. The small aerodynamic diameter of plate-like GNPs enabled deposition in the alveolar region, and folded GNPs had higher alveolar deposition than planar GNPs. Heavy breathing led to higher GNPs deposition fraction in head airways and lower deposition fractions in the alveolar region than resting breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hammer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Weidong He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Guangbiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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AboulFotouh K, Zhang Y, Maniruzzaman M, Williams RO, Cui Z. Amorphous solid dispersion dry powder for pulmonary drug delivery: Advantages and challenges. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119711. [PMID: 32739389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is commonly used in pharmaceutical industry. It has been mainly employed to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs that belong to class II and IV of the biopharmaceutical classification system but has showed promise in other areas of pharmaceutical research. In this review, the potential and limitations of ASD dry powder for inhalation are discussed. ASD powder for inhalation (ASD-IP) is commonly prepared by spray drying technique. The physicochemical characteristics of ASD-IP could be tailored to achieve effective lung deposition. ASD-IP could also attain rapid dissolution behavior to achieve therapeutically effective concentration either locally or systemically before particle clearance in the lung. The key challenges of using ASD powder for inhalation include the possible chemical and/or physical instability of the amorphous phase during manufacturing and in vivo, and the moisture and temperature sensitivity of ASD-IP that affects its storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Chae N, Lee MH, Choi S, Park BG, Song JS. Aerodynamic diameter and radioactivity distributions of radioactive aerosols from activated metals cutting for nuclear power plant decommissioning. J Hazard Mater 2019; 369:727-745. [PMID: 30831525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive aerosols from nuclear power plant decommissioning have not been actively studied compared to those from severe accidents. However, it will be more critical issues in the future. The radioactive aerosols will deposit on the surfaces of matter and disperse in the working space. Hence, the workers in nuclear power plant decommissioning may inhale some of the aerosols during the normal operation or accident. The health effects of aerosols depend not only on the particle size but also on the aerodynamic and thermodynamic characteristics. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the distribution of radioactive aerosols regarding their aerodynamic diameters, radioactive isotopes, and chemical forms to ascertain the respirable fraction. We analyze the effect of the cutting method, cutting material, and cutting conditions on the mass and radioactivity distributions of radioactive aerosols and identify the dominant factor for the safety of workers in the nuclear power plant decommissioning process. We confirm that the chemical composition and radioactive contamination in cutting material affect the aerodynamic diameter distribution and the amount of aerosol. Finally, we suggest the underwater plasma arc cutting process that could minimize the internal dose of workers at the nuclear power plant decommissioning sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakkyu Chae
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyeol Choi
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Gi Park
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Song
- Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Amore E, Manca ML, Ferraro M, Valenti D, La Parola V, Di Vincenzo S, Gjomarkaj M, Giammona G, Bondì ML, Pace E. Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) loaded into mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles for COPD treatment. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:351-358. [PMID: 30935915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is characterised by chronic inflammation in the lungs that leads to progressive, chronic, largely irreversible airflow obstruction. The use of long-acting β agonists remain today the frontline treatment for COPD with the aim of minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic usefulness. To this purpose, in this paper, mucoadhesive solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing a long-acting β-2 agonist, Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) were prepared, characterised (size, z-potential, aerodynamic diameter, turbidimetric evaluations, drug loading and entrapping efficiency) and tested in a model of bronchial epithelial cells. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of SX into SLMs led to the production of particles suitable for inhalation and more efficient than the free molecule at increasing the cAMP expression in bronchial epithelial cells. In conclusion, the prepared systems, due to their aerodynamic behaviour and mucoadhesive properties, could improve the retention time of SX in the lung epithelium and its therapeutic effect, thus representing a good strategy for the treatment of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Amore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), U.O.S. Palermo, CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria La Parola
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), U.O.S. Palermo, CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Bondì
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), U.O.S. Palermo, CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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Chen L, Okuda T, Lu XY, Chan HK. Amorphous powders for inhalation drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:102-15. [PMID: 26780404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
For inhalation drug delivery, amorphous powder formulations offer the benefits of increased bioavailability for poorly soluble drugs, improved biochemical stability for biologics, and expanded options of using various drugs and their combinations. However, amorphous formulations usually have poor physicochemical stability. This review focuses on inhalable amorphous powders, including the production methods, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the excipients with a highlight on stabilization of the particles.
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