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Yang Z, Yang L, Zhao L, Huang D, Li J, Chen X, Shen X, Wang H. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) methodology for quantitative elemental imaging of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions. Talanta 2024; 269:125407. [PMID: 37988824 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions are helpful for rapid screening of the optimal compositions in the research and development of new materials. The traditional testing methods cannot accurately determine the composition gradient in samples because they have a low spatial resolution or are semi-quantitative and time-consuming. The micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) methodology has been used for the elemental imaging of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with varying chemical compositions. The experimental conditions, including testing voltages, testing currents and the dwell time for each pixel, were optimized systematically to improve the repeatability and accuracy of the μ-XRF methodology. The quantitative elemental imaging of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy rod sample using μ-XRF was performed, and the results were validated by conducting spark optical emission spectroscopy. The limits of detection of μ-XRF for Zn, Mg, and Cu were 0.007 wt%, 0.068 wt%, and 0.002 wt%, respectively. This versatile elemental imaging technique provided an effective means for the component analysis and process evaluation of alloy samples with a composition gradient and thus for research and development of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Danqi Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3046, Australia
| | - Xuejing Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China.
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Morais PJ, Gomes B, Santos P, Gomes M, Gradinger R, Schnall M, Bozorgi S, Klein T, Fleischhacker D, Warczok P, Falahati A, Kozeschnik E. Characterisation of a High-Performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Designed for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13071610. [PMID: 32244679 PMCID: PMC7178362 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ever-increasing demands of industrial manufacturing regarding mechanical properties require the development of novel alloys designed towards the respective manufacturing process. Here, we consider wire arc additive manufacturing. To this end, Al alloys with additions of Zn, Mg and Cu have been designed considering the requirements of good mechanical properties and limited hot cracking susceptibility. The samples were produced using the cold metal transfer pulse advanced (CMT-PADV) technique, known for its ability to produce lower porosity parts with smaller grain size. After material simulations to determine the optimal heat treatment, the samples were solution heat treated, quenched and aged to enhance their mechanical performance. Chemical analysis, mechanical properties and microstructure evolution were evaluated using optical light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray radiography, as well as tensile, fatigue and hardness tests. The objective of this research was to evaluate in detail the mechanical properties and microstructure of the newly designed high-performance Al–Zn-based alloy before and after ageing heat treatment. The only defects found in the parts built under optimised conditions were small dispersed porosities, without any visible cracks or lack of fusion. Furthermore, the mechanical properties are superior to those of commercial 7xxx alloys and remarkably independent of the testing direction (parallel or perpendicular to the deposit beads). The presented analyses are very promising regarding additive manufacturing of high-strength aluminium alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J. Morais
- Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Av. Prof. Dr. Cavaco Silva, 33, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal; (B.G.); (P.S.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bianca Gomes
- Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Av. Prof. Dr. Cavaco Silva, 33, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal; (B.G.); (P.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Pedro Santos
- Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Av. Prof. Dr. Cavaco Silva, 33, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal; (B.G.); (P.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuel Gomes
- Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Av. Prof. Dr. Cavaco Silva, 33, 2740-120 Porto Salvo, Portugal; (B.G.); (P.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Rudolf Gradinger
- LKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen-Braunau, Austria; (R.G.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Martin Schnall
- LKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen-Braunau, Austria; (R.G.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Salar Bozorgi
- LKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen-Braunau, Austria; (R.G.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Klein
- LKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen, Austrian Institute of Technology, Lamprechtshausenerstraße 61, 5282 Ranshofen-Braunau, Austria; (R.G.); (M.S.); (S.B.); (T.K.)
| | | | - Piotr Warczok
- MatCalc Engineering GmbH, Gumpendorfer Strasse 21, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (A.F.); (E.K.)
| | - Ahmad Falahati
- MatCalc Engineering GmbH, Gumpendorfer Strasse 21, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (A.F.); (E.K.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E308, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Kozeschnik
- MatCalc Engineering GmbH, Gumpendorfer Strasse 21, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (A.F.); (E.K.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/E308, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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