1
|
Zhu R, Guo JJ, Yi TC, Hou F, Jin DC. Potential of a winterschmidtiid prey mite for the production of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:571-584. [PMID: 37907795 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass rearing of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) using natural (prey) methods is costly and laborious, limiting its application in the biological control of pests. A high-production, low-cost method using a prey substitute would help to relieve this problem. Oulenziella bakeri Hughes (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) could be an alternative prey source, but studies on the reproductive parameters of N. californicus under rearing conditions are lacking. This study evaluated the potential of O. bakeri as an alternative prey in N. californicus rearing by comparing developmental parameters among N. californicus reared on three diets based on an age-stage two-sex life table. We found that the preoviposition period and developmental time of N. californicus did not vary based on diet. The fecundity of N. californicus adults reared on O. bakeri was 29.8 eggs per female, which was lower than that of adults reared on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) (42.9 eggs per female); there was no significant difference between O. bakeri and apple pollen (30.2 eggs per female). The oviposition rate of mites fed on O. bakeri was 69% of that fed on T. urticae. Neoseiulus californicus reared on O. bakeri and apple pollen showed the same intrinsic rate of increase (0.25 per day), which was 86% of the rate of those fed on T. urticae. Compared with predatory mites reared on natural prey, N. californicus reared on O. bakeri had a high survival rate and good oviposition and population growth parameters, suggesting that O. bakeri is suitable for the rearing of N. californicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Resourceful Healthcare Products, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei J, Liu Y, Sheng F, Wang E, Zhang B, Xu X. Predatory mite Amblyseius orientalis prefers egg stage and low density of Carpoglyphus lactis prey. Exp Appl Acarol 2023:10.1007/s10493-023-00805-3. [PMID: 37369863 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Amblyseius orientalis (Ehara) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predatory mite for spider mite control on fruit trees in China. In recent decades, it has been produced massively at a commercial natural enemy producer, feeding on the storage mite Carpoglyphus lactis (L.). In the predator production process, the ratio of predatory mites to their prey was found to be critical for the population increase of A. orientalis in large-scale rearings. In this study, we investigated the predatory capacity of A. orientalis on various developmental stages of the prey C. lactis, and the effect of prey numbers on predator reproduction. The maximum predation rate of A. orientalis adults on C. lactis adults was 2.21 per day at the lowest density of five prey adults, and on C. lactis eggs it was 45.07 at the highest density of 60 prey eggs. The preference index Ci of A. orientalis on C. lactis eggs and adults was 0.4312 and - 0.9249, respectively, suggesting that A. orientalis preferred eggs to adults. Amblyseius orientalis could reproduce when it preyed on either eggs or deutonymphs of C. lactis. However, the fecundity of the predatory mites is not always proportional to the provided prey number. Higher density of prey deutonymphs resulted in lower fecundity, whereas more prey eggs resulted in higher fecundity of A. orientalis. Therefore, our study indicated that the choice of suitable density and developmental stage of prey can significantly improve A. orientalis production on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fujing Sheng
- Shandongzhongke Beneficial Insect Resources Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Endong Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuenong Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beretta GM, Deere JA, Messelink GJ, Muñoz-Cárdenas K, Janssen A. Review: predatory soil mites as biocontrol agents of above- and below-ground plant pests. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 87:143-162. [PMID: 35939243 PMCID: PMC9424159 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological pest control is becoming increasingly important for sustainable agriculture. Although many species of natural enemies are already being used commercially, efficient biological control of various pests is still lacking, and there is a need for more biocontrol agents. In this review, we focus on predatory soil mites, their role as natural enemies, and their biocontrol potential, mainly in vegetable and ornamental crops, with an emphasis on greenhouse systems. These predators are still underrepresented in biological control, but have several advantages compared to predators living on above-ground plant parts. For example, predatory soil mites are often easy and affordable to mass rear, as most of them are generalist predators, which also means that they may be used against various pests and can survive periods of pest scarcity by feeding on alternative prey or food. Many of them can also endure unfavourable conditions, making it easier for them to establish in various crops. Based on the current literature, we show that they have potential to control a variety of pests, both in greenhouses and in the field. However, more research is needed to fully understand and appreciate their potential as biocontrol agents. We review and discuss several methods to increase their efficiency, such as supplying them with alternative food and changing soil/litter structure to enable persistence of their populations. We conclude that predatory soil mites deserve more attention in future studies to increase their application in agricultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta M Beretta
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques A Deere
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Messelink
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Muñoz-Cárdenas
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Janssen
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz PA, Fernández-Pena C, Pérez-Santos I, Baldrich Á, Díaz M, Rodríguez F. Dinophysis Ehrenberg (Dinophyceae) in Southern Chile harbours red cryptophyte plastids from Rhodomonas/Storeatula clade. Harmful Algae 2020; 99:101907. [PMID: 33218433 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are known to retain temporary cryptophyte plastids of the Teleaulax/Plagioselmis/Geminigera clade after feeding the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. In the present study, partial plastid 23S rDNA sequences were retrieved in Southern Chilean waters from oceanic (Los Lagos region), and fjord systems (Aysén region), in single cells of Dinophysis and accompanying organisms (the heliozoan Actinophrys cf. sol and tintinnid ciliates), identified by means of morphological discrimination under the light microscope. All plastid 23S rDNA sequences (n = 23) from Dinophysis spp. (Dinophysis acuta, D. caudata, D. tripos and D. subcircularis) belonged to cryptophytes from clade V (Rhinomonas, Rhodomonas and Storeatula), although they could not be identified at genus level. Moreover, five plastid sequences obtained from heliozoans (Actinophryida, tentatively identified as Actinophrys cf. sol), and tintinnid ciliates, grouped together with those cryptophyte sequences. In contrast, two additional sequences from tintinnids belonged to other taxa (chlorophytes and cyanobacteria). Overall, the present study represents the first time that red cryptophyte plastids outside of the Teleaulax/Plagioselmis/Geminigera clade dominate in wild photosynthetic Dinophysis spp. These findings suggest that either Dinophysis spp. are able to feed on other ciliate prey than Mesodinium and/or that cryptophyte plastids from clade V prevail in members of the M. rubrum species complex in the studied area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Concepción Fernández-Pena
- Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, (IEO), Paseo Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez, 10, Coruña 15001, Spain
| | - Iván Pérez-Santos
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Sur-Austral, Campus Concepción, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ángela Baldrich
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Manuel Díaz
- Programa de Investigación Pesquera & Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen ML, Huang YH, Qiu BY, Chen PT, Du XY, Li HS, Pang H. Changes in life history traits and transcriptional regulation of Coccinellini ladybirds in using alternative prey. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:44. [PMID: 31937243 PMCID: PMC6958754 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) are highly diverse in their feeding habits. Most of them are specialist feeders, while some can have a broad spectrum of prey. As a representative group of generalists, the tribe Coccinellini includes many aphidophagous species, but members of this tribe also feed on other hemipterous insects including coccids, psyllids and whiteflies. As a result, several species are effective biological control agents or invasive species with serious non-target effects. Despite their economic importance, relatively little is known about how they adapt to new prey. RESULTS In this study, comparisons of the life history traits and transcriptomes of ladybirds fed initial (aphids) and alternative prey (mealybugs) were performed in three Coccinellini species. The use of alternative prey greatly decreased performance, implied by the significantly prolonged development time and decreased survival rate and adult weight. Prey shifts resulted in a set of differentially expressed genes encoding chemosensory proteins and digestive and detoxifying enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these generalists do not perform well when they use alternative prey as the sole nutrition source. Although their capacity for predation might have created an opportunity to use varied prey, they must adapt to physiological obstacles including chemosensing, digestion and detoxification in response to a prey shift. These findings challenge the effect of Coccinellini predators on the biological control of non-aphid pests and suggest the possibility of non-target attacks by so-called specialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pei-Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xue-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiménez-Prada P, Hachero-Cruzado I, Giráldez I, Fernández-Diaz C, Vilas C, Cañavate JP, Guerra-García JM. Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential for application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4194. [PMID: 29340233 PMCID: PMC5768175 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal protection, nutrient cycling, erosion control, water purification, and carbon sequestration are ecosystem services provided by salt marshes. Additionally, salt ponds offer coastal breeding and a nursery habitat for fishes and they provide abundant invertebrates, such as amphipods, which are potentially useful as a resource in aquaculture. Fishmeal and fish oil are necessary food resources to support aquaculture of carnivorous species due to their omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). Currently, aquaculture depends on limited fisheries and feed with elevated n-3 LC-PUFA levels, but the development of more sustainable food sources is necessary. Amphipods appear to be a potential high quality alternative feed resource for aquaculture. Hence, a nutritional study was carried out for several main amphipod species—Microdeutopus gryllotalpa, Monocorophium acherusicum, Gammarus insensibilis, Melita palmata and Cymadusa filosa—in terrestrial ponds in the South of Spain. These species showed high protein content (up to 40%), high n-3 PUFA and phospholipid levels, and high levels of phophatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and triacylglycerols (TAG), the latter being significantly high for M. acherusicum. M. gryllotalpa and M. acherusicum showed the highest proportion of lipids (19.15% and 18.35%, respectively). Isoleucine, glycine and alanine were the dominant amino acids in all species. In addition, amphipods collected from ponds showed low levels of heavy metals. Furthermore, the biochemical profiles of the five species of amphipods have been compared with other studied alternative prey. Therefore, pond amphipods are good candidates to be used as feed, and are proposed as a new sustainable economic resource to be used in aquaculture. G. insensibilis may be the best for intensive culture as an alternative feed resource because it shows: (1) adequate n-3 PUFA and PL composition; (2) high levels of glycine, alanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and lysine; (3) high natural densities; (4) large body size (≥1 cm), and (5) high concentration of calcium. Moreover, a combined culture of amphipods and fishes in these marsh ponds seems a promising and environmentally sustainable way to develop Integrate Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in these ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez-Prada
- Laboratorio de Biologia Marina, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera, El Toruño, Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Ismael Hachero-Cruzado
- Instituto de investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera, El Toruño, Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giráldez
- Departament de Química "Prof. J.C. Víchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Catalina Fernández-Diaz
- Instituto de investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera, El Toruño, Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - César Vilas
- Departament de Química "Prof. J.C. Víchez Martín", Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José Pedro Cañavate
- Instituto de investigacion y Formacion Agraria y Pesquera, El Toruño, Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|