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Zaninelli S, Meli C, Borleri G, Quaroni M, Pavoni C, Gaipa G, Biondi A, Introna M, Golay J, Rambaldi A, Rambaldi B. Optimization and validation of in vivo flow cytometry chimeric antigen receptor T cell detection method using CD19his indirect staining. Cytometry A 2024; 105:112-123. [PMID: 37707318 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown unprecedented results in patients with B cell relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R-ALL) and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas where no other curative options are available. In vivo monitoring of CAR-T cell kinetics is fundamental to understand the correlation between CAR-T cells expansion and persistence with treatment response and toxicity development. The aim of this study was to define a robust, sensitive, and universal method for CAR-T cell detection using flow cytometry. We set up and compared with each other three assays for CD19 CAR-T cell detection, all based on commercially available reagents. All methods used a recombinant human CD19 protein fragment recognized by the single-chain variable fragment of the CAR construct. The two indirect staining assays (CD19his + APC-conjugated antihistidine antibody and CD19bio + APC-conjugated antibiotin antibody) showed better sensitivity and specificity compared with the direct staining with CD19-FITC, and CD19his had a better cost-effective profile. We validated CAR detection with CD19his with parallel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data and we could demonstrate a strong positive correlation. We also showed that CD19his staining can be easily included in a multicolor flow cytometry panel to achieve additional information about the cell phenotype of CAR-T cell positive subpopulations. Finally, this method can be used for different anti-CD19 CAR-T cell products and for different sample sources. These data demonstrate that detection of CAR-T cells by CD19his flow cytometry staining is a reliable, robust, and broadly applicable tool for in vivo monitoring of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zaninelli
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristian Meli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
- Master of Science Programme in Biology Applied to Research in Biomedicine, Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Borleri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele Quaroni
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- M. Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavoni
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- M. Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- M. Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Josée Golay
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rambaldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
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2
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McClory SE, Maude SL. The Current State of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for B Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1041-1052. [PMID: 37500380 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, CAR T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-ALL in children and adults. CD19-directed CAR T cells can induce complete remissions in a large majority of patients with B-ALL, and up to half of these patients will go on to maintain durable remissions. However, significant challenges remain for patients who relapse or do not respond. This review will discuss the history of CAR T cell therapy for B-ALL, the treatment considerations for CAR T cell recipients, and current clinical trials and future directions for CAR T cell therapy in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E McClory
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Zhang J, Oak J. Challenges of detecting measurable/minimal disease in acute leukemia. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:216-220. [PMID: 37150656 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD) tracking has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing treatment response and predicting outcomes in acute leukemia. However, the clinical and technological challenges associated with MRD tracking must be addressed to improve its utility in routine patient care. This review article aims to provide a summary of the different MRD methodologies used in acute leukemia. It highlights the strengths, diagnostic pitfalls, and clinical utility associated with MRD tracking in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 300 Pasteur Drive, L235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jean Oak
- Department of Pathology, 300 Pasteur Drive, L235, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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Weinberg OK, Dennis J, Zia H, Chen P, Chu A, Koduru P, Luu HS, Fuda F, Chen W. Adult mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL): B/myeloid MPAL isoMPO is distinct from other MPAL subtypes. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:170-178. [PMID: 36325594 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is considered a specific marker of myeloid/non-monocytic lineage in the diagnosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). However, the clinical significance of isolated dim MPO expression in otherwise typical B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL; referred to as B/myeloid MPALisoMPO ) in adult patients is unknown. METHODS We compared flow cytometric immunophenotype and clinicopathological findings among cases of B/myeloid MPALisoMPO (n = 13), other MPAL subtypes (n = 10, B/myeloid and T/myeloid MPAL), B-ALL (n = 64), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 58), using the 2016 WHO classification. For MPAL cases, MPO was reported as the percent of MPO positive blasts and its intensity (dim or moderate/strong). The pattern of heterogenous antigen expression (inversely coordinated expression between myeloid and lymphoid markers and cell size) was assessed. RESULTS Cases of B/myeloid MPALisoMPO showed a fairly homogenous single B-lineage blast population with dim MPO expression whereas cases of other MPAL subtypes displayed heterogeneous antigen expression and moderate/strong MPO expression. The percent of MPO positive blasts in these two groups was similar. Expressions of CD15, CD117, and monocytic markers were more common in other MPAL than in B/myeloid MPALisoMPO . B/myeloid MPALisoMPO patients had similar overall and leukemia free survivals as B-ALL patients and better than other MPAL patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate the clinical significance of adult B/myeloid MPALisoMPO using the 2016 WHO classification. Our results suggest that B/myeloid MPALisoMPO clinically behaves more similarly to B-ALL than to other MPAL subtypes, supporting the 2016 WHO classification to segregate this entity from other MPAL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jake Dennis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hamid Zia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Prasad Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hung S Luu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Franklin Fuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Choi JK, Mead PE. Laboratory Aspects of Minimal / Measurable Residual Disease Testing in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:115-125. [PMID: 36764804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease detection provides critical prognostic predictor of treatment outcome and is the standard of care for B lymphoblastic leukemia. Flow cytometry-based minimal residual disease detection is the most common test modality and has high sensitivity (0.01%) and a rapid turnaround time (24 hours). This article details the leukemia associated immunophenotype analysis approach for flow cytometry-based minimal residual disease detection used at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and importance of using guide gates and back-gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kim Choi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP P230N, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA.
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, D4026G, Mailstop 342, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Choi JK, Mead PE. Laboratory Aspects of Minimal / Measurable Residual Disease Testing in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:485-495. [PMID: 34304777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease detection provides critical prognostic predictor of treatment outcome and is the standard of care for B lymphoblastic leukemia. Flow cytometry-based minimal residual disease detection is the most common test modality and has high sensitivity (0.01%) and a rapid turnaround time (24 hours). This article details the leukemia associated immunophenotype analysis approach for flow cytometry-based minimal residual disease detection used at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and importance of using guide gates and back-gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kim Choi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, WP P230N, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA.
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, D4026G, Mailstop 342, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Hiemenz MC, Oberley MJ, Doan A, Aye L, Ji J, Schmidt RJ, Biegel JA, Bhojwani D, Raca G. A multimodal genomics approach to diagnostic evaluation of pediatric hematologic malignancies. Cancer Genet 2021; 254-255:25-33. [PMID: 33571894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Detection of somatic genetic drivers is important for risk stratification and treatment selection in pediatric leukemias; however, newly recognized genetic markers may not be detected by routine karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To identify the combination of assays that provides the highest detection rate for clinically significant molecular abnormalities, we tested 160 B- lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by karyotyping, FISH, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and the custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel, OncoKidsⓇ. In addition, we tested 40 myeloid malignancies with karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and OncoKidsⓇ; 36/40 myeloid malignancies were also tested with FISH. In B-ALL, individual testing methods had the following diagnostic yields for the key genetic drivers: karyotype 34%; basic FISH panel 45%; FISH panel with IGH and CRLF2 probes 65%; CMA 48%; OncoKidsⓇ 39%. CMA and OncoKidsⓇ testing allowed detection of key genetic drivers in 42% of the samples that remained unknown upon testing by conventional methods. In myeloid malignancies, OncoKidsⓇ had the highest yield for detection of both primary and secondary DNA mutations and RNA fusions. Our data highlights the complementarity between CMA and NGS and conventional cytogenetics/FISH in pediatric leukemia diagnostics. Due to rapid turn-around-time, FISH may be useful as an initial screening method in B-ALL. Our data also suggests NGS testing with a comprehensive panel, despite a longer turnaround time, is a good alternative to karyotyping and FISH in pediatric AML due to its superior detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hiemenz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J Oberley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Doan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Le Aye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Cherian S, Stetler-Stevenson M. Flow Cytometric Monitoring for Residual Disease in B Lymphoblastic Leukemia Post T Cell Engaging Targeted Therapies. Curr Protoc Cytom 2018; 86:e44. [PMID: 30212602 PMCID: PMC6168357 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of targeted therapy is growing in the setting of hematopoietic neoplasms. Flow cytometry is a cornerstone of residual disease monitoring post therapy in this group of malignancies. Often, there is overlap between antigens targeted by immunotherapies and gating reagents utilized for population identification by flow cytometry. Such overlap can render a previously excellent gating reagent inadequate for disease detection. Recently, several anti-CD19 T cell-engaging immunotherapeutic agents and an anti-CD22 immunotoxin have been FDA approved for use in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-LL), with an anti-CD22 T cell-engaging agent in development. In the setting of such targeted therapies, CD19 and CD22 expression may be altered, compromising the use of these reagents for identification of abnormal blasts. We describe herein a strategy for flow cytometric monitoring for residual disease in patients with B-LL post T cell-engaging anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 therapies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Cherian
- Hematopathology, G7800, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98107
| | - Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson
- Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Building 10, Room 3S235, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
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DiGiuseppe JA, Tadmor MD, Pe’er D. Detection of minimal residual disease in B lymphoblastic leukemia using viSNE. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2015; 88:294-304. [PMID: 25974871 PMCID: PMC5981136 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal residual disease (MRD) following treatment is a robust prognostic marker in B lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the detection of MRD by flow cytometric immunophenotyping is technically challenging, and an automated method to detect MRD is therefore desirable. viSNE, a recently developed computational tool based on the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm, has been shown to be capable of detecting synthetic "MRD-like" populations of leukemic cells created in vitro, but whether viSNE can facilitate the immunophenotypic detection of MRD in clinical samples has not been evaluated. METHODS We applied viSNE retrospectively to 8-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping data from normal bone marrow samples, and samples from B lymphoblastic leukemia patients with or without suspected MRD on the basis of conventional manual gating. RESULTS In each of 14 bone marrow specimens containing MRD or suspected MRD, viSNE identified a putative MRD population; an abnormal composite immunophenotype was confirmed for the putative MRD in each case. MRD populations were not identified by viSNE in control bone marrow samples from patients with increased normal B-cell precursors, or in post-treatment samples from B lymphoblastic leukemia patients who did not have detectable MRD by manual gating. CONCLUSION viSNE shows promise as an automated method to facilitate immunophenotypic MRD detection in patients treated for B lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. DiGiuseppe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Michelle D. Tadmor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Soma L, Wu D, Chen X, Edlefsen K, Fromm JR, Wood B. Apparent CD19 expression by natural killer cells: A potential confounder for minimal residual disease detection by flow cytometry in B lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2014:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 25046149 DOI: 10.1002/cytob.21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry (FCM) in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B ALL) is important for guiding patient specific clinical management. We describe apparent expression of CD19 by natural killer (NK) cells as a potential confounder in the detection of B ALL MRD by FCM. This finding was noted in seven different patient samples analyzed on different days as part of routine clinical care in our laboratory, with analysis of different anti-CD19 antibody clones and fluorochrome conjugates in five of the seven samples. Although the etiology of this finding is not clear, possibilities include true low level expression and trogocytosis. We highlight this finding to avoid potential misinterpretation when evaluating samples for MRD in patients with B lineage neoplasms, particularly in B ALL. © 2014 Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda Soma
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Wang MX, Wang HY, Zhao X, Srilatha N, Zheng D, Shi H, Ning J, Duff DJ, Taylor KH, Gruner BA, Caldwell CW. Molecular detection of B-cell neoplasms by specific DNA methylation biomarkers. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2010; 3:265-79. [PMID: 20224725 PMCID: PMC2836504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel, easy to perform PCR-based method employing specific DNA methylation biomarkers to detect B-cell neoplasms in a variety of B-cell lines and B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patient specimens has been developed. This method detects as few as 5 B-ALL cells, or 1 B-ALL cell in 1,000,000 normal background blood cells using a single marker, DLC-1 gene CpG island (CGI) methylation. By adding two additional markers PCDHGA12 and RPIB9, over 80% of B-ALL cases were detected in patients' bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens. We have traced clinical B-ALL cases up to 10 years retrospectively and the DLC-1 methylation is correlated with patient clinical status. Thus, this epigenetic-based molecular method demonstrates its potential use in the diagnosis of B-cell neoplasia, in addition to traditional approach such as clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, and genetic analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- GTPase-Activating Proteins
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Leukemia, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Wang
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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