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Song Z, Chen L, Sun S, Yang G, Yu G. Unveiling the airborne microbial menace: Novel insights into pathogenic bacteria and fungi in bioaerosols from nursery schools to universities. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172694. [PMID: 38670386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal aerosol pollution is widespread in indoor school environments, and poses potential health risks to students and staff. Understanding the distribution and diversity of microbial communities within aerosols is crucial to mitigate their adverse effects. Existing knowledge regarding the composition of bacterial and fungal aerosols, particularly the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from nursery schools to universities, is limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, in the present study, we collected PM2.5 samples from five types of schools (i.e., nursery schools, primary schools, junior schools, and high schools and universities) in China. We used advanced single-molecule real-time sequencing to analyze the species-level diversity of bacterial and fungal components in PM2.5 samples based on 16S and ITS ribosomal genes, respectively. We found significant differences in microbial diversity and community composition among the samples obtained from different educational institutions and pollution levels. In particularly, junior schools exhibited higher PM2.5 concentrations (62.2-86.6 μg/m3) than other schools (14.4-48.4 μg/m3). Moreover, microbial variations in PM2.5 samples were associated with institution type. Notably, the prevailing pathogenic microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Schizophyllum commune, all of which were identified as Class II Pathogenic Microorganisms in school settings. Four potentially novel strains of S. commune were identified in PM2.5 samples collected from the university; the four strains showed 92.4 %-94.1 % ITS sequence similarity to known Schizophyllum isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore bacterial and fungal diversity within PM2.5 samples from nursery schools to universities. Overall, these findings contribute to the existing knowledge of school environmental microbiology to ensure the health and safety of students and staff and impacting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuwei Sun
- Jinan Licheng No.2 High School, Jinan 250109, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guanliu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Li J, He Y, He C, Xiao L, Wang N, Jiang L, Chen J, Liu K, Chen Q, Gu Y, Ma M, Yu X, Xiang Q, Zhang L, Yang T, Penttinen P, Zou L, Zhao K. Diversity and composition of microbial communities in Jinsha earthen site under different degree of deterioration. Environ Res 2024; 242:117675. [PMID: 37984784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Earthen sites are the important cultural heritage that carriers of human civilization and contains abundant history information. Microorganisms are one of important factors causing the deterioration of cultural heritage. However, little attention has been paid to the role of biological factors on the deterioration of earthen sites at present. In this study, microbial communities of Jinsha earthen site soils with different deterioration types and degrees as well as related to environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Mg2+ and SO42- were higher in the severe deterioration degree soils than in the minor deterioration degree soils. The Chao1 richness and Shannon diversity indices of bacteria in different type deterioration were higher in the summer than in the winter; the Chao1 and Shannon indices of fungi were lower in the summer. The differences in bacterial and fungal communities were associated with differences in Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents. Based on both the relative abundances in amplicon sequencing and isolated strains, the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and the Ascomycota genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were common in all soils. The OTUs enriched in the severe deterioration degree soils were mostly assigned to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, whereas the Firmicutes OTUs differentially abundant in the severe deterioration degree were all depleted. All bacterial isolates produced alkali, implying that the deterioration on Jinsha earthen site may be accelerated through alkali production. The fungal isolates included both alkali and acid producing strains. The fungi with strong ability to produce acid were mainly from the severe deterioration degree samples and were likely to contribute to the deterioration. Taken together, the interaction between soil microbial communities and environment may affect the soil deterioration, accelerate the deterioration process and threaten the long-term preservation of Jinsha earthen site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanqiu He
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Changjie He
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Luman Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610074, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Menggen Ma
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Quanju Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China
| | - Likou Zou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625000, China.
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Lu J, Li W, Yang Y, Ye F, Lu H, Chen X, Chen F, Wen X. The impact of different rotation regime on the soil bacterial and fungal communities in an intensively managed agricultural region. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:142. [PMID: 35043270 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous wheat-maize planting has led to the increase in epidemic frequency of wheat diseases under climate change. Analyzation of the soil microbial composition in different rotation crops is essential to select alternative rotation regime. This study investigated the bacterial and fungal community abundance and composition, and potential microbe-microbe interactions in three rotations, including wheat-maize → spring maize (WMFS), wheat-soybean (WS) and continuous wheat-maize (WM) planting. The results revealed that there were 110, 156, and 195 bacterial, and 17, 8, and 15 fungal operational taxonomic units respectively enriched by WMFS, WS, and WM. WM increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and α-Proteobacteria in wheat, and the relative abundance and copy number of genus Fusarium in maize. WMFS and WS could decrease the abundance of Fusarium in summer-crop across the growth stages and in wheat at elongation. WS also increased the copy number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in wheat at flowering and harvest. Network analysis revealed that WM resulted in simple and isolated wheat network with small modules dominating and none Nitrospirae and β-Proteobacteria in the main modules. WS formed interconnected and intricate wheat network with the maximum number of large modules and module connectors. Under WS, positive correlation between antagonistic Streptomyces (Actinobacteria) and genus Fusarium was found in wheat. Soil physicochemical properties explained the majority of the variation in bacterial and fungal β-diversity in wheat (P < 0.01). Rotation regime switching from WM to WMFS and WS may effectively damp the risk of wheat disease and maintain the wheat yield in intensive cereal production.
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Qin Q, Liu Y. Changes in microbial communities at different soil depths through the first rainy season following severe wildfire in North China artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest. J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111865. [PMID: 33360742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire could result in dramatic changes to soil temperatures and environments, with immediate, short- or long-lasting impacts on soil microbes. However, relatively little research has documented how fire disturbance, soil depth, time variation and their interactions affect soil microbial communities in wet conditions. This study investigated a severe wildfire influenced on bacterial and fungal communities at four soil depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm) after two quarters (with similar precipitation and exactly during the rainy season). Soil sampling was conducted in a burned site relative to an undisturbed contiguous site in the North China artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest. Results indicated that fire had significant effects on bacterial and fungal richness, diversity, composition and structure, including most impacts on the surface mineral soil (0-5 cm) within the first period post-fire and minor impacts on the subsoils (5-20 cm) up to the second period. The microbial richness and some dominant taxa in the undisturbed soils changed with time and depth, suggesting spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial communities although the effects of rainfall were weakened. These differences in microbes between burned and undisturbed soils were mainly driven by soil pH, whereas organic matter and available potassium mediated the distribution of microbial communities along depth and time, respectively. In addition, fungal community was more sensitive to fire and time than bacterial community but an opposite result was found in depth. Nevertheless, soil microbes showed some signs of adaptation to fire. This work advocate that non-intervention should be considered in the short term after a fire or low-intensity water replenishment in the case of aridity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qin
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Ecosystem Process, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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Liu YM, Cao WQ, Chen XX, Yu BG, Lang M, Chen XP, Zou CQ. The responses of soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial community structure to nine years of varied zinc application rates. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:140245. [PMID: 32783848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) fertilizer application can certainly improve the production and nutritional quality of cereal crops. However, Zn accumulation in the soil may lead to some deleterious environmental impacts in agroecosystems. The effects of long-term Zn application on soil microbial properties remain unclear, but it is imperative to understand such effects. In this study, we collected soil samples from a nine-year field experiment in a wheat-maize system that continuously received Zn applied at various rates (0, 2.3, 5.7, 11.4, 22.7 and 34.1 kg ha-1) to evaluate the soil enzymes, microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The results showed that Zn application at the rate of 5.7 kg ha-1 significantly increased the activities of urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase in the soil, while the rate of 34.1 kg ha-1 significantly decreased the evaluated enzyme activities. The microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were not affected by Zn application rates, although an increase in the microbial biomass C was observed in the 11.4 kg ha-1 treatment. Moreover, the alpha diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities did not vary among the nil Zn, optimal Zn (5.7 kg ha-1) and excess Zn (34.1 kg ha-1) treatments. However, the bacterial communities in the soil receiving the optimal and excess Zn application rates were slightly changed. Compared to the nil Zn treatment, the other Zn application rates increased the relative abundances of the Rhodospirillales, Gaiellales and Frankiales orders and decreased the abundance of the Latescibacteria phylum. The redundancy analysis further indicated that the soil bacterial community composition significantly correlated with the concentrations of soil DTPA-Zn and total Zn. These results highlight the importance of optimal Zn application in achieving high production and high grain quality while concurrently promoting soil microbial activity, improving the bacterial community and further maintaining the sustainability of the agroecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Qing Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bao-Gang Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Lang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Huang L, Wang N, Deng C, Liang Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Chen Y. Interactive effect of carbon source with influent COD/N on nitrogen removal and microbial community structure in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. J Environ Manage 2019; 250:109491. [PMID: 31521034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon source and influent COD/N (chemical oxygen demand: total nitrogen) pose distinct effects on nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial community structure of constructed wetlands. To investigate the interactive effect of carbon source with COD/N on nitrogen removal and microbial community structure in subsurface flow constructed wetlands, glucose (C6H12O6) and sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2) were used to determine five COD/N ratios in nine groups of constructed wetlands divided into glucose constructed wetlands and sodium acetate constructed wetlands. Results showed that efficiency in COD removal increased with COD/N, and peak value reached 92.7%. Interactive effect of carbon source with COD/N on system pH and ammonium removal was notably significant. Differences in ammonium removal performance between treatments were achieved by the variation of influent COD/N ratio and the change of system pH resulted from different carbon sources, and the result suggested that glucose was a better choice at high COD/N ratio. System microbial community structure was significantly affected by carbon source, influent COD/N ratio and their interaction. Microbial biomass in constructed wetlands significantly increased with increasing COD/N ratio. Higher density and diversity of fungus were observed in glucose constructed wetlands, particularly at COD/N ratio of 7 and 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Chaoren Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Yinkun Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Maolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400716, PR China.
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