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Piotti P, Pierantoni L, Albertini M, Pirrone F. Inflammation and Behavior Changes in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:1-16. [PMID: 37722946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sickness is a normal response to infections or stress triggered by proinflammatory cytokines that drive local and systemic inflammatory responses. Proinflammatory cytokines act on the brain causing the so called "sickness behavior,"which is thought to improve recovery but can become maladaptive in the long term. Chronic inflammation characterizes many diseases and there is some evidence that dogs and cats experience age-associated increases in inflammation, a condition named "inflammaging." A complex and multifactorial relationship exists between these inflammatory mechanisms, pain, and psychological illness that may complicate veterinary diagnosis and affect the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Piotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pierantoni
- Veterinary Behaviour & Consulting Services at CAN Training Centre, Via Camaldolilli, 79, Naples 80128, Italy
| | - Mariangela Albertini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Federica Pirrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
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Liu H, Wang G, Zhang J, Lu B, Li D, Chen J. Inhalation of diesel exhaust particulate matter induces locomotor hyperactivity and its relationship with brain and gut metabolism. Environ Int 2024; 183:108359. [PMID: 38056096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) are important components of urban air pollution worldwide. Recent studies proved that airborne DEPM can enter the human brain, which was associated with brain and mental diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of DEPM exposure on behavior, and explored potential mechanisms from the perspective of metabolism in specific brain regions and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut using mice. The results showed that inhalation of DEPM induced locomotor hyperactivity and a tendency for memory decline in mice. Exposure to DEPM disrupted motor behavior generation related cerebellar Purkinje cells, induced widespread reduction of neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, and downregulated expression of genes encoding Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and involved in the Brain-blood-barrier (BBB) in the hippocampus. Moreover, there was a DEPM dose-dependent increase in fecal SCFA levels. Correlation analysis showed that DEPM-induced locomotor hyperactivity was mainly associated with decreased neurotransmission in the frontal cortex and increased gut SCFAs, and those associations were discussed. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underpinning behavioral changes caused by air pollution, and extends our knowledge on the toxicity and health effects of airborne pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guicheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Rahdar M, Farbod Y, Seydinejad S, Zarrin M. The effect of chronic experimental toxoplasmosis on some brain neurotransmitters level and behavior changes. Exp Parasitol 2023:108575. [PMID: 37394088 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma is capable of causing long-lasting brain cysts in its hosts, which can lead to physiological disturbances in brain neurotransmitters and result in changes in the host's behavior. This study aimed to investigate these changes using an experimental model. Twenty-five female Wistar rats, weighing 220-220 g and six weeks old, were selected for the study. The rats were divided into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group was injected with 5 × 105 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (virulent RH strain) intra-peritoneally. Four months after the injection, the rats were subjected to behavioral tests, including learning, memory, depression, and locomotor activity tests. The rats were then euthanized, and their brain and serum samples were analyzed for dopamine and serotonin levels. To ensure the presence of cysts in the brain tissue, a PCR test and preparation of pathological slides from the brain tissue were performed. The results showed that the amount of dopamine in the brain of the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the level of serotonin in brain of the infected group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the amount of these neurotransmitters in the blood of the two groups (P > 0.05). Behavioral changes were evaluated, and it was found that the learning and memory levels of the infected rats were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in locomotor activity between the two groups (P > 0.05). This experimental infection model indicated that changes in neurotransmitter levels lead to behavior changes. CONCLUSION: The presence of parasite cysts in the brain can affect some of the host's behaviors through changes in neurotransmitter levels. Therefore, there is a possibility that there is a relationship between the presence of Toxoplasma cysts in the brain and neurological disorders. The results of this study suggest that chronic toxoplasmosis may play a role in behavior changes in psychotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rahdar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Farbod
- Department of Medical Physiology Department, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Seydinejad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Zarrin
- Department of Medical Mycology, Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
Despite its important treatment implications for obesity and related comorbidities, bariatric surgery requires several behavioral changes that warrant comprehensive evaluation and support before and after surgery. This article outlines emerging scientific and anecdotal evidence for addiction transfer after bariatric surgery. Other common behavioral changes that impact adherence, weight loss, and psychiatric risk after surgery are also reviewed. Last, recommendations for presurgical psychological evaluation and postoperative support are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afton M Koball
- Behavioral Medicine, Gundersen Health System, 1900 South Avenue, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Gretchen Ames
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Rachel E Goetze
- VA Maine Healthcare System-Togus, 1 VA Center, Augusta, ME 04330, USA
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Ahlers-Schmidt CR, Hervey AM, Neil T, Kuhlmann S, Kuhlmann Z. Concerns of women regarding pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:S0738-3991(20)30529-2. [PMID: 33010997 PMCID: PMC7515599 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS A 58-item electronic survey was distributed to pregnant and postpartum women (infants <12 months) who were >15 years, English-speaking and enrolled in prenatal programs. Data is summarized using central tendency, frequencies and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS Of 114 (51 % response rate) participants, 82.5 % reported negative changes in mental status measures (e.g. stress, anxious thoughts, changes in sleep patterns). All reported risk-reduction behavior changes (e.g. handwashing/use of sanitizer, social distancing). Significant changes were reported in employment and financial status due to the pandemic. Increases in alcohol consumption among postpartum women were also reported. Few reported changes in prenatal, infant or postpartum healthcare access. CONCLUSION This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is limited as participants represent a single Midwest community and social desirability response bias may have impacted responses. However, results may inform future interventions to support pregnant women and mothers of infants during pandemics. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Providers should consider the impact of such events on mental status, access to resources and changes in behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Ahlers-Schmidt
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Center for Research for Infant Birth and Survival (CRIBS), 3243 E. Murdock, Suite 602, Wichita, KS, 67208, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Pediatrics, 3243 E. Murdock, Suite 402, Wichita, KS, 67208, USA.
| | - Ashley M Hervey
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Center for Research for Infant Birth and Survival (CRIBS), 3243 E. Murdock, Suite 602, Wichita, KS, 67208, USA.
| | - Tara Neil
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 1010N. Kansas, Wichita, KS, 67214, USA.
| | - Stephanie Kuhlmann
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Pediatrics, 3243 E. Murdock, Suite 402, Wichita, KS, 67208, USA.
| | - Zachary Kuhlmann
- University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 551N. Hillside, Suite 500, Wichita, KS 67214, USA.
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Liu X, Luo WT, Li Y, Li CN, Hong ZS, Chen HL, Xiao F, Xia JY. Psychological status and behavior changes of the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:58. [PMID: 32471513 PMCID: PMC7256340 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cluster of pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was eventually identified, and became the COVID-19 epidemic that affected public health and life. We investigated the psychological status and behavior changes of the general public in China from January 30 to February 3, 2020. METHODS Respondents were recruited via social media (WeChat) and completed an online questionnaire. We used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Symptom Checklist-90 to evaluate psychological status. We also investigated respondents' behavior changes. Quantitative data were analyzed by t-tests or analysis of variance, and classified data were analyzed with chi-square tests. RESULTS In total, 608 valid questionnaires were obtained. More respondents had state anxiety than trait anxiety (15.8% vs 4.0%). Depression was found among 27.1% of respondents and 7.7% had psychological abnormalities. About 10.1% of respondents suffered from phobia. Our analysis of the relationship between subgroup characteristics and psychological status showed that age, gender, knowledge about COVID-19, degree of worry about epidemiological infection, and confidence about overcoming the outbreak significantly influenced psychological status. Around 93.3% of respondents avoided going to public places and almost all respondents reduced Spring Festival-related activities. At least 70.9% of respondents chose to take three or more preventive measures to avoid infection. The three most commonly used prevention measures were making fewer trips outside and avoiding contact (98.0%), wearing a mask (83.7%), and hand hygiene (82.4%). CONCLUSIONS We need to pay more attention to public psychological stress, especially among young people, as they are likely to experience anxiety, depression, and psychological abnormalities. Different psychological interventions could be formulated according to the psychological characteristics of different gender and age groups. The majority of respondents followed specific behaviors required by the authorities, but it will take time to observe the effects of these behaviors on the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Nursing, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chun-Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhong-Si Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui-Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jin-Yu Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
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Kim S, Seo YB, Jung E. Prediction of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using a mathematical model considering behavior changes in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020026. [PMID: 32375455 PMCID: PMC7285444 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the report of the first confirmed case in Daegu on February 18, 2020, local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea has continued. In this study, we aimed to identify the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 using mathematical modeling and predict the epidemic size and the timing of the end of the spread. METHODS We modeled the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea by applying a mathematical model of transmission that factors in behavioral changes. We used the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data of daily confirmed cases in the country to estimate the nationwide and Daegu/Gyeongbuk area-specific transmission rates as well as behavioral change parameters using a least-squares method. RESULTS The number of transmissions per infected patient was estimated to be about 10 times higher in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area than the average of nationwide. Using these estimated parameters, our models predicts that about 13,800 cases will occur nationwide and 11,400 cases in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area until mid-June. CONCLUSIONS We mathematically demonstrate that the relatively high per-capita rate of transmission and the low rate of changes in behavior have caused a large-scale transmission of COVID-19 in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area in Korea. Since the outbreak is expected to continue until May, non-pharmaceutical interventions that can be sustained over the long term are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Zheng Y, Sereika SM, Burke LE, Olgin JE, Marcus GM, Aschbacher K, Tison GH, Pletcher MJ. Temporal patterns of self-weighing behavior and weight changes assessed by consumer purchased scales in the Health eHeart Study. J Behav Med 2019; 42:873-82. [PMID: 30649648 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-00006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Self-weighing may promote attainment and maintenance of healthy weight; however, the natural temporal patterns and factors associated with self-weighing behavior are unclear. The aims of this secondary analysis were to (1) identify distinct temporal patterns of self-weighing behaviors; (2) explore factors associated with temporal self-weighing patterns; and (3) examine differences in percent weight changes by patterns of self-weighing over time. We analyzed electronically collected self-weighing data from the Health eHeart Study, an ongoing longitudinal research study coordinated by the University of California, San Francisco. We selected participants with at least 12 months of data since the day of first use of a WiFi- or Bluetooth-enabled digital scale. The sample (N = 1041) was predominantly male (77.5%) and White (89.9%), with a mean age of 46.5 ± 12.3 years and a mean BMI of 28.3 ± 5.9 kg/m2 at entry. Using group-based trajectory modeling, six distinct temporal patterns of self-weighing were identified: non-users (n = 120, 11.5%), weekly users (n = 189, 18.2%), rapid decliners (n = 109, 10.5%), increasing users (n = 160, 15.4%), slow decliners (n = 182, 17.5%), and persistent daily users (n = 281, 27.0%). Individuals who were older, female, or self-weighed 6-7 days/week at week 1 were more likely to follow the self-weighing pattern of persistent daily users. Predicted self-weighing trajectory group membership was significantly associated with weight change over time (p < .001). In conclusion, we identified six distinct patterns of self-weighing behavior over the 12-month period. Persistent daily users lost more weight compared with groups with less frequent patterns of scale use.
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Mutis JA, Rodríguez JH, Nava-Mesa MO. Rapidly progressive cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms as the initial manifestation of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2017; 7:20-3. [PMID: 28217440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and electroencephalographic features of patients diagnosed with non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) with uncommon cognitive and behavioral involvement. We present two cases with sub-acute cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders (including anxiety and transient behavioral changes) as their first manifestation of NCSE. A neuropsychological profile demonstrated executive dysfunction. In addition, the neurological examination revealed automatisms and 24-hour video EEG showed epileptiform activity. Although neuroimaging studies showed frontotemporal abnormalities, both neurophysiological and cognitive improvement after specific antiseizure drug treatment confirmed the diagnosis of non-convulsive status. Theoretical considerations between mental status changes and focal epilepsy will be reviewed. Our cases raise awareness of the importance of considering NCSE, a treatable condition, in the differential diagnosis of rapidly-progressive cognitive impairment with neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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