1
|
Georgiadis P, Liampa I, Hebels DG, Krauskopf J, Chatziioannou A, Valavanis I, de Kok TM, Kleinjans JC, Bergdahl IA, Melin B, Spaeth F, Palli D, Vermeulen R, Vlaanderen J, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vineis P, Kyrtopoulos SA. Evolving DNA methylation and gene expression markers of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in pre-diagnostic blood samples more than 10 years prior to diagnosis. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:728. [PMID: 28903739 PMCID: PMC5598006 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common type of adult leukemia. It often follows an indolent course and is preceded by monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, an asymptomatic condition, however it is not known what causes subjects with this condition to progress to CLL. Hence the discovery of prediagnostic markers has the potential to improve the identification of subjects likely to develop CLL and may also provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease of potential clinical relevance. RESULTS We employed peripheral blood buffy coats of 347 apparently healthy subjects, of whom 28 were diagnosed with CLL 2.0-15.7 years after enrollment, to derive for the first time genome-wide DNA methylation, as well as gene and miRNA expression, profiles associated with the risk of future disease. After adjustment for white blood cell composition, we identified 722 differentially methylated CpG sites and 15 differentially expressed genes (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05) as well as 2 miRNAs (FDR < 0.05) which were associated with the risk of future CLL. The majority of these signals have also been observed in clinical CLL, suggesting the presence in prediagnostic blood of CLL-like cells. Future CLL cases who, at enrollment, had a relatively low B-cell fraction (<10%), and were therefore less likely to have been suffering from undiagnosed CLL or a precursor condition, showed profiles involving smaller numbers of the same differential signals with intensities, after adjusting for B-cell content, generally smaller than those observed in the full set of cases. A similar picture was obtained when the differential profiles of cases with time-to-diagnosis above the overall median period of 7.4 years were compared with those with shorted time-to-disease. Differentially methylated genes of major functional significance include numerous genes that encode for transcription factors, especially members of the homeobox family, while differentially expressed genes include, among others, multiple genes related to WNT signaling as well as the miRNAs miR-150-5p and miR-155-5p. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the presence in prediagnostic blood of future CLL patients, more than 10 years before diagnosis, of CLL-like cells which evolve as preclinical disease progresses, and point to early molecular alterations with a pathogenetic potential.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Prognosis
- Time Factors
- Humans
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Liampa
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Dennie G. Hebels
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, ER Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, ER Netherlands
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Valavanis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theo M.C.M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, ER Netherlands
| | - Jos C.S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, ER Netherlands
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Florentin Spaeth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenico Palli
- The Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - R.C.H. Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG UK
| | - Soterios A. Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bostick RM. Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on normal colon tissue and circulating biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:86-95. [PMID: 25597952 PMCID: PMC4389892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This brief review, based on an invited presentation at the 17th Workshop on Vitamin D, is to summarize a line of the author's research that has been directed at the intertwined missions of clarifying and/or developing vitamin D and calcium as preventive agents against colorectal cancer in humans, understanding the mechanisms by which these agents may reduce risk for the disease, and developing 'treatable' biomarkers of risk for colorectal cancer. The biological plausibility and observational and clinical trial evidence for vitamin D and calcium in reducing risk for colorectal neoplasms, the development of pre-neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, and the clinical trial findings from the author's research group on the efficacy of vitamin D and calcium in modulating these biomarkers are summarized. Regarding the latter, we tested the efficacy of 800 IU (20μg) of vitamin D3 and 2.0g of calcium daily, alone and combined vs. placebo over 6 months on modulating normal colon tissue and circulating hypothesis-based biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial design clinical trial (n=92). The tissue-based biomarkers were measured in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa using immunohistochemistry with quantitative image analysis, and a panel of circulating inflammation markers was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). Statistically significant proportional tissue increases in the vitamin D group relative to the placebo group were found in bax (51%), p21 (141%), APC (48%), E-cadherin (78%), MSH2 (179%), the CaSR (39%), and CYP27B1 (159%). In blood, there was a 77% statistically significant decrease in a summary inflammation z-score. The findings for calcium were similar to those for vitamin D. These findings indicate that supplemental vitamin D3 or calcium can favorably modulate multiple normal colon tissue and circulating hypothesis-based biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms in sporadic colorectal adenoma patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Premalignancy and chemoprevention studies in head and neck cancer typically focus on the oral cavity. Avoiding or cessation of alcohol and smoking, early detection of potentially malignant disorders or cancer, and early detection of recurrent and/or second primary tumor form the basis of prevention of oral cancer. Analysis of tissue prospectively collected in evaluation of retinoids for chemoprevention trials allowed identification of molecular biomarkers of risk to develop oral cancer, loss of heterozygosity being the most validated one. Improving risk assessment and identification of new targets for chemoprevention represent the main challenges in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 boulevard de l' Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|