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Bibi R, Buriro NA, Yan Z, Khan H, Tian Y, Thakur AR, Amin-Ullah. Effectiveness of blended happy age education program (B-HAEP) on active aging promotion among pre-disable community dwelling older adults in Pakistan. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:291-303. [PMID: 38412636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing aging related functional declines in older adults has become a top priority for countries around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a blended happy age education program in promoting active aging among community-based pre-disable older adults. METHODS We conducted a two-arm trial study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups using a computer-generated random sequence of 150 participants. RESULTS Blended Happy Age Education Program (BHAEP) reduced time for 3 m walk (Estimated mean 19.5 ± 3.4 to 13.7 ± 1.3, effect size ηp² = 0.98, (P < 0.001). The current level of happiness improved in B-HAEP group from 4.7 ± 1.05 scores to 7.8 ± 1.6, P < 0.001, effect size (ηp² = 0.540). Healthy lifestyle significantly improved (P < 0.001, ηp² = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS B-HAEP can be an effective intervention strategy to promote active aging in older adults with risk for immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Bibi
- PhD nursing, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Nazeer Ali Buriro
- Masters in nursing, Shaheed Muhtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Yan
- PhD nursing, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Master in Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- PhD nursing, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Asim Raza Thakur
- Master in Biostatistics, School of Allied Health Sciences, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Pakistan
| | - Amin-Ullah
- Masters in entomology, Medical Entomologist, District Heath Office, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Fuhrmann LM, Weisel KK, Harrer M, Kulke JK, Baumeister H, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Berking M. Additive effects of adjunctive app-based interventions for mental disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Internet Interv 2024; 35:100703. [PMID: 38225971 PMCID: PMC10788289 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is uncertain whether app-based interventions add value to existing mental health care. Objective To examine the incremental effects of app-based interventions when used as adjunct to mental health interventions. Methods We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases on September 15th, 2023, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on mental health interventions with an adjunct app-based intervention compared to the same intervention-only arm for adults with mental disorders or respective clinically relevant symptomatology. We conducted meta-analyses on symptoms of different mental disorders at postintervention. PROSPERO, CRD42018098545. Results We identified 46 RCTs (4869 participants). Thirty-two adjunctive app-based interventions passively or actively monitored symptoms and behaviour, and in 13 interventions, the monitored data were sent to a therapist. We found additive effects on symptoms of depression (g = 0.17; 95 % CI 0.02 to 0.33; k = 7 comparisons), anxiety (g = 0.80; 95 % CI 0.06 to 1.54; k = 3), mania (g = 0.2; 95 % CI 0.02 to 0.38; k = 4), smoking cessation (g = 0.43; 95 % CI 0.29 to 0.58; k = 10), and alcohol use (g = 0.23; 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.39; k = 7). No significant effects were found on symptoms of depression within a bipolar disorder (g = -0.07; 95 % CI -0.37 to 0.23, k = 4) and eating disorders (g = -0.02; 95 % CI -0.44 to 0.4, k = 3). Studies on depression, mania, smoking, and alcohol use had a low heterogeneity between the trials. For other mental disorders, only single studies were identified. Only ten studies had a low risk of bias, and 25 studies reported insufficient statistical power. Discussion App-based interventions may be used to enhance mental health interventions to further reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, mania, smoking, and alcohol use. However, the effects were small, except for anxiety, and limited due to study quality. Further high-quality research with larger sample sizes is warranted to better understand how app-based interventions can be most effectively combined with established interventions to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M. Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kiona K. Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Harrer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer K. Kulke
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department of Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Gzate Y, Ewnetu M, Genet N, Yifter T, Asratie A, Engdaw G. Performance testing of moringa oleifera seed oil biodiesel with additives in diesel engine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26293. [PMID: 38404859 PMCID: PMC10884849 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Now a day's liquid biodiesel fuels utilization that are produced from renewable natural resources such as moringa oleifera seeds using transesterification method accounts among the best alternative option for substituting conventional fossil fuels. This investigation shows production of biodiesel from moringa oleifera seeds by transesterification process with an additive of diethyl ether (DEE2%). It also finds out the efficiency and emission analysis of three fuels namely pure diesel, B20 (20% moringa blended with 80% diesel), and B20DEE2% (20% Moringa &2%DEE additive blended with 78% diesel) compression ignition engine using single cylinder, 4-stroke direct injection method. The observations of the fuel characterization show that B20 and B20DEE2% biodiesel blended fuels have nearly equal characteristics such as viscosity, density, and calorific values that compared to diesel fuel. Moreover, these fuels have comparable performance such as brake thermal efficiency, brake power, brake torque, and specific fuel consumption compared to clear diesel fuel, and especially B20DEE2% have better emission condition than B20 biodiesel blend fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewondwosen Gzate
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Gondar Institute of Technology, The University of Gondar, P.Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mequanent Ewnetu
- Industrial Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P. Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nakachew Genet
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P. Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Yifter
- Industrial Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P. Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aychew Asratie
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P. Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Engdaw
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, University of Gondar, P. Box.196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Forde C, OBrien A. A Literature Review of Barriers and Opportunities Presented by Digitally Enhanced Practical Skill Teaching and Learning in Health Science Education. Med Educ Online 2022; 27:2068210. [PMID: 35445632 PMCID: PMC9037199 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2068210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An evidence gap exists identifying the challenges and opportunities presented by digitally enhanced practical skill teaching and learning in health science education. A literature review was carried out to address this gap and to provide recommendations for overcoming identified challenges. METHOD A systematic search strategy was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. The research databases PubMed, ERIC, Medline and CINHL, were searched using MeSH terms. Barriers and opportunities were identified through deductive thematic analysis of the included articles. RESULTS Of the 602 articles identified through the database screening, 29 were included in the current review. Potential challenges posed by technologically supported practical skill teaching identified were i) Inaccessibility and Inequity of Online Learning (ii) Digital illiteracy Among Staff (iii) Technological Challenges (iv) Lack of Engagement with Preparatory Material Hinders Practical Learning (v) Lack of Staff-Student Interaction (vi) Negative Attitudes Towards Online Learning and (vii) Skill Suitability. The opportunities presented by digital technologies identified were (i) Facilitates Higher Order Learning (ii) Ability to Practice in a Safe Environment (iii) Efficacious Use of Class Time (iv) Access to Education (v) Learning Brought to Life (vi) Diverse Range of Learning Materials (vii) Promotes Autonomous Learning. DISCUSSION This literature review demonstrates the acceptability and usability of digitally enhanced practical teaching in health science education among students and educators. CONCLUSION To consolidate the positive disturbances in higher education from the Covid-19 pandemic, potential barriers to online delivery and student engagement must be acknowledged and addressed by relevant stakeholders. Recommendations detailed as part of this paper suggest means of overcoming barriers and leveraging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisle Forde
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CONTACT Cuisle Forde Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, DublinD08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - Annie OBrien
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bovill H. Too much information: exploring technology-mediated abuse in higher education online learning and teaching spaces resulting from COVID-19 and emergency remote education. High Educ (Dordr) 2022; 86:1-17. [PMID: 36320436 PMCID: PMC9607844 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-022-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During COVID-19, universities across the globe experienced a rapid requirement to move to online learning and teaching provision. This rapid move has been explored as emergency remote education (ERE). This paper reviews and presents some emerging literature regarding ERE, demonstrating how this created an environment where technology-mediated abuse could arise within the university context. Intentional and unintentional forms of technology-mediated abuse, within a global context, are considered with account of how intersectional characteristics can impact. The paper concludes with a set of provocations explored within an example framework. The provocations are given to situate ways of thinking which are facilitative of safer and more respectful use of technological spaces. Both the provocations and example framework aim to be useful critical tools for program and module teams to adapt in higher education institutions within the online sphere. The phenomenon of ERE is an opportunity to consider what can be learned with regard to management of technology-mediated abuse. However, a focus on ERE presents limitations in the paper because of the smaller number of academic sources at this time, due to recency of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bovill
- School of Education and Childhood, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY UK
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Joji RM, Kumar AP, Almarabheh A, Dar FK, Deifalla AH, Tayem Y, Ismaeel AY, Bindayna K, Tabbara KS, Farid E, Shadab M, Al Mahmeed A, Shahid M. Perception of online and face to face microbiology laboratory sessions among medical students and faculty at Arabian Gulf University: a mixed method study. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:411. [PMID: 35637505 PMCID: PMC9149330 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all spheres of society including medical education and healthcare systems. In response to the pandemic, there has been a transition in medical education practice from traditional forms of teaching to online instruction delivery and virtual learning. Effective clinical microbiology education involves a combination of 'hands-on' practical learning and instructional delivery of scientific knowledge. Microbiology practical laboratories are critical learning environments offering 'hands-on' learning experiences that cannot be replicated through online learning. We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand the perception of online and face-to-face microbiology laboratory sessions among the medical students and microbiology faculty at Arabian Gulf University (AGU). METHODS The study participants were third and fourth-year undergraduate medical students and faculty involved in delivering microbiology labs at AGU. The questionnaire consisted of questions ranging from perceived learning style to attitude towards online delivery of microbiology curriculum. After the questionnaire administration (google form), focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted for students and microbiology faculty separately. RESULTS Among 168 students, 50.6% preferred face-to-face lab sessions as compared to 30.4% who preferred online labs, and 51.8% considered online labs to be an essential addition to face-to-face labs. Among the faculty, 85.7% preferred the face-to-face mode of teaching. All the faculty (100%) disagreed that all the microbiology labs teaching should be online. 57.2% considered online labs to be an essential addition to traditional face-to-face labs. Both faculty and students hold that a blended mode of instructional delivery is vital and indispensable for the transfer of skills and knowledge for microbiology students. CONCLUSION The blended mode of delivering microbiology laboratory sessions in medical school is successful and well-received by both students and faculty. Students take the responsibility for furthering their own learning and understanding of concepts. Instructors have also noticed that blending learning strategies also successfully enhances the development of cognitive skills and problem-solving abilities in students. A review of the microbiology lab curriculum is necessary to identify content areas that can be delivered effectively through online, face-to-face lab sessions, or both, supported with appropriate tools and infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Mol Joji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Archana Prabu Kumar
- Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Amer Almarabheh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Fazal K Dar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abdel Halim Deifalla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Yasin Tayem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abdulrahman Yusuf Ismaeel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Khalid Bindayna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Khaled Saeed Tabbara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Eman Farid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mohd Shadab
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Al Mahmeed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many feeding strategies may be used in chronically ill children on enteral nutrition. Interest is currently growing in real food-based enteral nutrition. A new tube feeding formula with real food ingredients is currently commercially available in Europe. CASE REPORTS By focusing on four clinical cases, this article illustrates the use of a tube feeding formula with real food ingredients in pediatric patients with various complex conditions. The formula contains a milk-based mixture of peas, green beans, peaches, carrots, and chicken, and provides 1.2 kcal/ml. It was offered under medical supervision and after full consideration of all feeding options. CONCLUSIONS Formula choice appears to be based on clinical experience and must be individualized to patients' characteristics and needs. Real food-containing formulas seem to improve tolerance and feeding outcomes as well as promote family inclusion and mealtime engagement, but further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dipasquale
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Elia
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Romano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Alshawish E, El-Banna MM, Alrimawi I. Comparison of blended versus traditional classrooms among undergraduate nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Educ Today 2021; 106:105049. [PMID: 34280667 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blended learning is a relatively new educational approach that has been introduced into higher education in Palestine. While it has many advantages, there is no empirical evidence, nor any case studies from Palestine to support the use of blended learning over traditional classroom. OBJECTIVES To compare students' learning outcomes, learning perceptions of their educational environment, and satisfaction of blended learning versus traditional classroom. DESIGN A quasi-experimental study. SETTING A public university in Palestine. PARTICIPANTS 102 Bachelor of Science in nursing students enrolled on the maternal health course. METHODS Students freely chose to register for the blended teaching section (49 students) or traditional classroom (53 students), then the teaching method for each section was assigned. Student demographics, course component grades, perceptions of the educational environment, measured by the Arabic version of Dundee Ready Education Environment Measurement (DREEM) inventory, and degree of satisfaction were collected in this study. Descriptive statistics and the Independent Sample t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The sample included 49 students in the blended teaching section and 53 students in the traditional section. Overall DREEM scores, Student Perceptions of Learning, and Student Perceptions of Teachers were significantly higher for students taught with the blended method compared to traditional classroom settings. The total DREEM scores were between 101 and 151 for both sections, indicating that all students, regardless of teaching method, had more positive than negative perceptions of their educational environment. Moreover, there was no significant difference in scores and total course GPA (Grade Point Average), both with and without assignment grades, or between blended and traditional learning in first, second and final exams. However, students taught with the blended format scored significantly higher in assignments than students taught the traditional classroom. CONCLUSIONS Blended learning can be a useful educational approach in nursing education and Palestinian universities may consider using it for nursing courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alshawish
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus Building: 17 Office 2170, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Majeda M El-Banna
- The George Washington University School of Nursing, 45085 University Drive, Innovation Hall 201-G, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States of America.
| | - Intima Alrimawi
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, Trinity Washington University, 125 Michigan Ave, NE, Washington, DC 20017, United States of America.
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Ramo NL, Lin M, Hald ES, Huang-Saad A. Synchronous vs. Asynchronous vs. Blended Remote Delivery of Introduction to Biomechanics Course. Biomed Eng Educ 2021; 1:61-66. [PMID: 35146490 PMCID: PMC7433682 DOI: 10.1007/s43683-020-00009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Ramo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mei’ai Lin
- Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong China
| | - Eric S. Hald
- Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong China
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Kirpalani A, Grimmer J, Peebles ER. A Blended Model of Case-Based Learning in a Paediatric Clerkship Program. Med Sci Educ 2020; 30:23-24. [PMID: 34457631 PMCID: PMC8368365 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Education during the clinical clerkship years requires active learning. Students cannot be bystanders, but rather they must discover, apply, and integrate new information in a clinical context. We present a novel model of case-based learning that encourages active learning, focusing on problem-solving skills for the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kirpalani
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Joanne Grimmer
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Erin R. Peebles
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
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Breider S, de Bildt A, Nauta MH, Hoekstra PJ, van den Hoofdakker BJ. Self-directed or therapist-led parent training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? A randomized controlled non-inferiority pilot trial. Internet Interv 2019; 18:100262. [PMID: 31890615 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Therapist-led behavioral parent training is a well-established treatment for behavior problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, parental attrition is high; self-directed forms of parent training may be a promising alternative. To date, no studies have compared these two forms of parent training in referred children with ADHD. The objectives of this pilot study were to examine the non-inferiority of a blended parent training (i.e. online program + supportive therapist contact) in comparison to its therapist-led equivalent (i.e. face-to-face parent training) regarding effects on behavioral problems, and to compare attrition rates, parental satisfaction, and therapist-time between both treatments. METHODS 21 school-aged children with ADHD and behavioral problems, who had been referred to an outpatient mental health clinic, were randomized to blended (n = 11) or face-to-face (n = 10) parent training. Behavior problems were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Treatment completers and dropouts were included in the analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Blended parent training was not found to be non-inferior to face-to-face parent training in the reduction of behavior problems. Parents in the blended condition dropped out of treatment significantly earlier than parents in the face-to-face condition and were less satisfied. Therapists in the blended condition spent significantly less time on parent training than therapists in the face-to-face condition.
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Ali-Masri H, Hassan S, Fosse E, Zimmo KM, Zimmo M, Ismail KMK, Vikanes Å, Laine K. Impact of electronic and blended learning programs for manual perineal support on incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a prospective interventional study. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:258. [PMID: 30419884 PMCID: PMC6233260 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are associated with anal incontinence, dyspareunia and perineal pain. Bimanual perineal support technique (bPST) prevents OASIS. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two different bPST training-methods on OASIS incidence. METHODS This is a prospective-interventional quality improvement study conducted in two Palestinian maternity units between June 1 2015 and December 31 2016. Women having spontaneous or operative vaginal-delivery at ≥24 gestational-weeks or a birthweight of ≥1000 g (n = 1694) were recruited and examined vaginally and rectally immediately after vaginal birth by a trained assessor. Data on baseline OASIS incidence were collected during Phase-1 of the study. Subsequently, birth attendants in both maternity units were trained in bPST using two training modalities. A self-directed electronic-learning (e-learning) using an animated video was launched in phase-2 followed by a blended learning method (the animated e-learning video+ structured face-to-face training) in phase-3. OASIS incidence was monitored during phases-2 and 3. Variations in OASIS incidence between the three phases were assessed using Pearson-χ2-test (or Fisher's-Exact-test). The impact of each training-method on OASIS incidence was assessed using logistic-regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1694 women were included; 376 in phase-1, 626 in phase-2 and 692 in phase-3. Compared to Phase-1, OASIS incidence was reduced by 45% (12.2 to 6.7%, aOR: 0.56, CI; 0.35-0.91, p = 0.018) and 74% (12.2 to 3.2%, aOR, 0.29, CI; 0.17-0.50, p < 0.001) in phases-2 and 3, respectively. There was also a significant reduction in OASIS incidence by 52% from phase-2 to phase-3 (6.7% (42/626) to 3.2% (22/692), p = 0.003). These reductions reached statistical significance among parous-women only (aOR: 0.18, CI; 0.07-0.49, p = 0.001) after the first training method tested in phase-2. However, the reduction was significant among both primiparous (aOR: 0.39, CI; 0.21-0.74, p = 0.004) and parous-women (aOR: 0.11, CI; 0.04-0.32, p < 0.001) after implementing the blended learning method in phase-3. CONCLUSION The animated e-learning video had a positive impact on reducing OASIS incidence. However, this reduction was enhanced by the use of a blended learning program combining both e- learning and face-to-face training modalities. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrialo.gov identifier: NCT02427854 , date: 28 April 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Ali-Masri
- Department of Obstetrics, Palestine Medical Complex, Ramallah, Palestine
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sahar Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Erik Fosse
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaled M. Zimmo
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics, Al Aqsa Martyrs Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Zimmo
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics, Al Shifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
| | | | - Åse Vikanes
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katariina Laine
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hojjati M, Van Hedent S, Rassouli N, Tatsuoka C, Jordan D, Dhanantwari A, Rajiah P. Quality of routine diagnostic abdominal images generated from a novel detector-based spectral CT scanner: a technical report on a phantom and clinical study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:2752-9. [PMID: 28493070 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the image quality of routine diagnostic images generated from a novel detector-based spectral detector CT (SDCT) and compare it with CT images obtained from a conventional scanner with an energy-integrating detector (Brilliance iCT), Routine diagnostic (conventional/polyenergetic) images are non-material-specific images that resemble single-energy images obtained at the same radiation, METHODS: ACR guideline-based phantom evaluations were performed on both SDCT and iCT for CT adult body protocol. Retrospective analysis was performed on 50 abdominal CT scans from each scanner. Identical ROIs were placed at multiple locations in the abdomen and attenuation, noise, SNR, and CNR were measured. Subjective image quality analysis on a 5-point Likert scale was performed by 2 readers for enhancement, noise, and image quality. RESULTS On phantom studies, SDCT images met the ACR requirements for CT number and deviation, CNR and effective radiation dose. In patients, the qualitative scores were significantly higher for the SDCT than the iCT, including enhancement (4.79 ± 0.38 vs. 4.60 ± 0.51, p = 0.005), noise (4.63 ± 0.42 vs. 4.29 ± 0.50, p = 0.000), and quality (4.85 ± 0.32, vs. 4.57 ± 0.50, p = 0.000). The SNR was higher in SDCT than iCT for liver (7.4 ± 4.2 vs. 7.2 ± 5.3, p = 0.662), spleen (8.6 ± 4.1 vs. 7.4 ± 3.5, p = 0.152), kidney (11.1 ± 6.3 vs. 8.7 ± 5.0, p = 0.033), pancreas (6.90 ± 3.45 vs 6.11 ± 2.64, p = 0.303), aorta (14.2 ± 6.2 vs. 11.0 ± 4.9, p = 0.007), but was slightly lower in lumbar-vertebra (7.7 ± 4.2 vs. 7.8 ± 4.5, p = 0.937). The CNR of the SDCT was also higher than iCT for all abdominal organs. CONCLUSION Image quality of routine diagnostic images from the SDCT is comparable to images of a conventional CT scanner with energy-integrating detectors, making it suitable for diagnostic purposes.
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Illig KR. Techniques and Technology to Revise Content Delivery and Model Critical Thinking in the Neuroscience Classroom. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2015; 13:A160-A165. [PMID: 26240525 PMCID: PMC4521733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Undergraduate neuroscience courses typically involve highly interdisciplinary material, and it is often necessary to use class time to review how principles of chemistry, math and biology apply to neuroscience. Lecturing and Socratic discussion can work well to deliver information to students, but these techniques can lead students to feel more like spectators than participants in a class, and do not actively engage students in the critical analysis and application of experimental evidence. If one goal of undergraduate neuroscience education is to foster critical thinking skills, then the classroom should be a place where students and instructors can work together to develop them. Students learn how to think critically by directly engaging with course material, and by discussing evidence with their peers, but taking classroom time for these activities requires that an instructor find a way to provide course materials outside of class. Using technology as an on-demand provider of course materials can give instructors the freedom to restructure classroom time, allowing students to work together in small groups and to have discussions that foster critical thinking, and allowing the instructor to model these skills. In this paper, I provide a rationale for reducing the use of traditional lectures in favor of more student-centered activities, I present several methods that can be used to deliver course materials outside of class and discuss their use, and I provide a few examples of how these techniques and technologies can help improve learning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Illig
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Kurt R. Illig, Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, OWS 367, Saint Paul, MN 55105.
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