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Wu D, Huang K, Shi J, Liu S, Wang W, Jiang J, Ren H, Chen T, Ye S, Chen J, Wei W, Li X. Genome-Wide 5-Formylcytosine Redistribution in KCl-Stimulated Mouse Primary Cortical Neurons is Associated with Neuronal Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4352-4362. [PMID: 38019771 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An abundant accumulation of DNA demethylation intermediates has been identified in mammalian neurons. While the roles of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in neuronal function have been extensively studied, little is known about 5-formylcytosine (5fC) in neurons. Therefore, this study was to investigate the genome-wide distribution and potential functions of 5fC in neurons. In an in vitro culture model of mouse primary cortical neurons, we observed a dynamic increase in the total 5fC level in the neuronal genome after potassium chloride (KCl) stimulation. Subsequently, we employed chemical-labeling-enabled C-to-T conversion sequencing (CLEVER-seq) to examine the 5fC distribution at a single-base resolution. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 5fC was enriched in promoter regions, and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differential formylation positions (DFP) were correlated with neuronal activities. Additionally, integration with previously published nascent RNA-seq data revealed a positive correlation between gene formylation and mRNA expression levels. As well, 6 neuro-activity-related genes with a positive correlation were validated. Furthermore, we observed higher chromatin accessibility and RNA pol II binding signals near the 5fC sites through multiomics analysis. Motif analysis identified potential reader proteins for 5fC. In conclusion, our work provides a valuable resource for studying the dynamic changes and functional roles of 5fC in activated mammalian neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Jichun Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiazhi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Ren
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4702, Australia
| | - Tongyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Shengda Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
- Sino-Italian Ascula Brain Science Joint Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
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Zhu C, Gao Y, Peng J, Tang F, Yi C. Single-Cell 5fC Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1979:251-267. [PMID: 31028643 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9240-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Active DNA demethylation plays important roles in the epigenetic reprogramming of developmental processes. 5-formylcytosine (5fC) is produced during active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Here, we describe a technique called CLEVER-seq (Chemical-labeling-enabled C-to-T conversion sequencing), which detects the whole genome 5fC distribution at single-base and single-cell resolution. CLEVER-seq is suitable for the analysis of precious samples such as early embryos and laser microdissection captured samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu C, Gao Y, Guo H, Xia B, Song J, Wu X, Zeng H, Kee K, Tang F, Yi C. Single-Cell 5-Formylcytosine Landscapes of Mammalian Early Embryos and ESCs at Single-Base Resolution. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:720-731.e5. [PMID: 28343982 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Active DNA demethylation in mammals involves ten-eleven translocation (TET) family protein-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). However, base-resolution landscapes of 5-formylcytosine (5fC) (an oxidized derivative of 5mC) at the single-cell level remain unexplored. Here, we present "CLEVER-seq" (chemical-labeling-enabled C-to-T conversion sequencing), which is a single-cell, single-base resolution 5fC-sequencing technology, based on biocompatible, selective chemical labeling of 5fC and subsequent C-to-T conversion during amplification and sequencing. CLEVER-seq shows intrinsic 5fC heterogeneity in mouse early embryos, Epi stem cells (EpiSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). CLEVER-seq of mouse early embryos also reveals the highly patterned genomic distribution and parental-specific dynamics of 5fC during mouse early pre-implantation development. Integrated analysis demonstrates that promoter 5fC production precedes the expression upregulation of a clear set of developmentally and metabolically critical genes. Collectively, our work reveals the dynamics of active DNA demethylation during mouse pre-implantation development and provides an important resource for further functional studies of epigenetic reprogramming in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Yun Gao
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Hongshan Guo
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Bo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Jinghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Hu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC.
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC; Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PRC.
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