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Wang Y, Zeng W, Ni C, Kong X, Mu X, Conlin CC, Qi H, Zhang JL. Exercise-induced calf muscle hyperemia quantified with dynamic blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 111:21-27. [PMID: 38582100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Muscle hyperemia in exercise is usually the combined result of increased cardiac output and local muscle vasodilation, with the latter reflecting muscle's capacity for increased blood perfusion to support exercise. In this study, we aim to quantify muscle's vasodilation capability with dynamic BOLD imaging. A deoxyhemoglobin-kinetics model is proposed to analyze dynamic BOLD signals acquired during exercise recovery, deriving a hyperemia index (HI) for a muscle group of interest. We demonstrated the method's validity with calf muscles of healthy subjects who performed plantar flexion for muscle stimulation. In a test with exercise load incrementally increasing from 0 to 16 lbs., gastrocnemius HI showed considerable variance among the 4 subjects, but with a consistent trend, i.e. low at light load (e.g. 0-6 lbs) and linearly increasing at heavy load. The high variability among different subjects was confirmed with the other 10 subjects who exercised with a same moderate load of 8 lbs., with coefficient of variance among subjects' medial gastrocnemius 87.8%, lateral gastrocnemius 111.8% and soleus 132.3%. These findings align with the fact that intensive exercise induces high muscle hyperemia, but a comparison among different subjects is hard to make, presumably due to the subjects' different rate of oxygen utilization. For the same 10 subjects who exercised with load of 8 lbs., we also performed dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to measure muscle perfusion (F). With a moderate correlation of 0.654, HI and F displayed three distinctive responses of calf muscles: soleus of all the subjects were in the cluster of low F and low HI, and gastrocnemius of most subjects had high F and either low or high HI. This finding suggests that parameter F encapsulates blood flow through vessels of all sizes, but BOLD-derived HI focuses on capillary flow and therefore is a more specific indicator of muscle vasodilation. In conclusion, the proposed hyperemia index has the potential of quantitatively assessing muscle vasodilation induced with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wanning Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chang Ni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiangwei Kong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christopher C Conlin
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haikun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jeff L Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Warneke K, Wirth K, Keiner M, Lohmann LH, Hillebrecht M, Brinkmann A, Wohlann T, Schiemann S. Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1773-1787. [PMID: 37029826 PMCID: PMC10363083 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximal strength measured via maximal voluntary contraction is known as a key factor in competitive sports performance as well as injury risk reduction and rehabilitation. Maximal strength and hypertrophy are commonly trained by performing resistance training programs. However, literature shows that long-term, long-lasting static stretching interventions can also produce significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction. The aim of this study is to compare increases in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility after 6 weeks of stretch training and conventional hypertrophy training. Sixty-nine (69) active participants (f = 30, m = 39; age 27.4 ± 4.4 years, height 175.8 ± 2.1 cm, and weight 79.5 ± 5.9 kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 stretched the plantar flexors continuously for one hour per day, IG2 performed hypertrophy training for the plantar flexors (5 × 10-12 reps, three days per week), while CG did not undergo any intervention. Maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness, pennation angle and flexibility were the dependent variables. The results of a series of two-way ANOVAs show significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) for maximal voluntary contraction (ƞ2 = 0.143-0.32, p < 0.006), muscle thickness (ƞ2 = 0.11-0.14, p < 0.021), pennation angle (ƞ2 = 0.002-0.08, p = 0.077-0.625) and flexibility (ƞ2 = 0.089-0.21, p < 0.046) for both the stretch and hypertrophy training group without significant differences (p = 0.37-0.99, d = 0.03-0.4) between both intervention groups. Thus, it can be hypothesized that mechanical tension plays a crucial role in improving maximal voluntary contraction and muscle thickness irrespective whether long-lasting stretching or hypertrophy training is used. Results show that for the calf muscle, the use of long-lasting stretching interventions can be deemed an alternative to conventional resistance training if the aim is to increase maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility. However, the practical application seems to be strongly limited as a weekly stretching duration of up to 7 h a week is opposed by 3 × 15 min of common resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health and Sport, 85737, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Lars H Lohmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brinkmann
- Assistive Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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Zaric O, Beiglböck H, Janacova V, Szomolanyi P, Wolf P, Krebs M, Trattnig S, Krššák M, Juras V. Repeatability assessment of sodium ( 23Na) MRI at 7.0 T in healthy human calf muscle and preliminary results on tissue sodium concentrations in subjects with Addison's disease. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:925. [PMID: 36266679 PMCID: PMC9585786 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relaxation times of the sodium nucleus, and to investigate the repeatability of quantitative, in vivo TSC measurements using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na-MRI) in human skeletal muscle and explore the discriminatory value of the method by comparing TSCs between healthy subjects and patients with Addison's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, ten healthy subjects and five patients with Addison's disease were involved. 23Na-MRI data sets were acquired using a density-adapted, three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence (DA-3DPR) with a modification for the relaxation times measurements. Differences in TSC between muscle groups and between healthy participants were analysed using a nonparametric Friedman ANOVA test. An interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used as the repeatability index. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for evaluation of differences in TSC between study participants. RESULTS The mean T1 in the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), the tibialis anterior (TA), and the soleus (S) was 25.9 ± 2.0 ms, 27.6 ± 2.0 ms, and 28.2 ± 2.0 ms, respectively. The mean short component of T2*, T2*short were GM: 3.6 ± 2.0 ms; TA: 3.2 ± 0.5 ms; and S: 3.0 ± 1.0 ms, and the mean long component of T2*, T2*long, were GM: 12.9 ± 0.9 ms; TA: 12.8 ± 0.7 ms; and S: 12.9 ± 2.0 ms, respectively. In healthy volunteers, TSC values in the GM were 19.9 ±0.1 mmol/L, 13.8 ±0.2 mmol/L in TA, and 12.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L in S, and were significantly different (p = 0.0005). The ICCs for GM, TA and S were 0.784, 0.818, 0.807, respectively. In patients with Addison's disease, TSC in GC, TA, and S were 10.2 ± 1.0 mmol/L, 8.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L, and 7.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TSC quantification in a healthy subject's calf at 7.0 T is reliable; the technique is able to distinguish sodium level differences between muscles and between healthy subjects and Addison's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Zaric
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University GmbH (DPU), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Beiglböck
- Department of Medicine III (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Janacova
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Medicine III (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Department of Medicine III (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MRI, Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Krššák
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine III (Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High-Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Saini SK, Li L, Peek CB, Kosmac K, Polonsky TS, Tian L, Criqui MH, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Kibbe M, Sufit RL, Leeuwenburgh C, McDermott MM. Associations of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase1 abundance in calf skeletal muscle with walking performance in peripheral artery disease. Exp Gerontol 2020; 140:111048. [PMID: 32755612 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations of markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in calf muscle biopsies with walking performance in people with and without lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS Participants with PAD (ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.90) and without PAD (ABI: 0.90-1.50) underwent calf muscle biopsy and measurement of 6-min walk and four-meter walking velocity. PARP1 (Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) expression were measured in calf muscle using western blot. RESULTS Among 15 participants with PAD mean age: 66.8 years (standard deviation (SD): 6.4) and six without PAD (age: 64.4 years, SD: 5.9), mean PARP1-abundance in calf muscle was 1.16 ± 0.92 AU and 0.96 ± 0.38 AU, respectively (P = 0.61). Among participants with PAD after adjustment with ABI, a greater abundance of PARP1 was associated with poorer 6-min walking distance (r = -0.65, P = 0.01), usual-paced 4-m walking velocity (r = -0.73, P = 0.003) and slower fast-paced four-meter walking velocity (r = -0.51, P = 0.07). Among participants with PAD, ABI was not associated with PARP1 abundance in calf muscle (r = 0.02, P = 0.93). Among participants without PAD, skeletal muscle PARP1 abundance was not significantly associated with 6-min walk distance (r = -0.58; P = 0.22), usual-paced walking velocity (r = -0.26; P = 0.62), or fast-paced walking velocity (r = -0.21; P = 0.69), perhaps due to lack of statistical power. There were no associations of remaining calf muscle measures with walking performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that calf skeletal muscle characteristics are related to walking performance, independently of severity of lower extremity arterial obstruction in people with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Saini
- University of Florida, Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lingyu Li
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Clara B Peek
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kate Kosmac
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky Department of Epidemiology, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Tamar S Polonsky
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Lu Tian
- Stanford University, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael H Criqui
- University of California at San Diego, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Division of Intramural Research, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jack M Guralnik
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Melina Kibbe
- University of North Carolina, Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert L Sufit
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- University of Florida, Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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White SH, McDermott MM, Sufit RL, Kosmac K, Bugg AW, Gonzalez-Freire M, Ferrucci L, Tian L, Zhao L, Gao Y, Kibbe MR, Criqui MH, Leeuwenburgh C, Peterson CA. Walking performance is positively correlated to calf muscle fiber size in peripheral artery disease subjects, but fibers show aberrant mitophagy: an observational study. J Transl Med 2016; 14:284. [PMID: 27687713 PMCID: PMC5043620 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) have decreased mobility, which is not fully explained by impaired blood supply to the lower limb. Additionally, reports are conflicted regarding fiber type distribution patterns in PAD, but agree that skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is impaired. METHODS To test the hypothesis that reduced muscle fiber oxidative activity and type I distribution are negatively associated with walking performance in PAD, calf muscle biopsies from non-PAD (n = 7) and PAD participants (n = 26) were analyzed immunohistochemically for fiber type and size, oxidative activity, markers of autophagy, and capillary density. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. RESULTS There was a wide range in fiber type distribution among subjects with PAD (9-81 % type I fibers) that did not correlate with walking performance. However, mean type I fiber size correlated with 4-min normal- and fastest-paced walk velocity (r = 0.4940, P = 0.010 and r = 0.4944, P = 0.010, respectively). Although intensity of succinate dehydrogenase activity staining was consistent with fiber type, up to 17 % of oxidative fibers were devoid of mitochondria in their cores, and the core showed accumulation of the autophagic marker, LC3, which did not completely co-localize with LAMP2, a lysosome marker. CONCLUSIONS Calf muscle type I fiber size positively correlates with walking performance in PAD. Accumulation of LC3 and a lack of co-localization of LC3 with LAMP2 in the area depleted of mitochondria in PAD fibers suggests impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria, which may contribute to reduced muscle oxidative capacity. Further study is needed to determine whether defective mitophagy is associated with decline in function over time, and whether interventions aimed at preserving mitochondrial function and improving autophagy can improve walking performance in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H White
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone CTW105, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 North Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, 60611, USA. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Robert L Sufit
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kate Kosmac
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone CTW105, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Alex W Bugg
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone CTW105, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | | | - Lu Tian
- Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Criqui
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida Institute on Aging, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- College of Health Sciences and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone CTW105, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Abstract
Since the initial description of tropical pyomyositis 130 years ago, this disease continues to retain some mystery for physicians and surgeons. The infrequency, variable epidemiologic and demographic profile, diagnostic dilemmas and limited literature continue to make it an enigma with limited understanding. In the span of nearly 130 years, worldwide English literature search has revealed an average of only two to three reported cases every year globally. We recently managed a case of tropical pyomyositis which posed a clinical and radiologic diagnostic dilemma. The rarity of disease and published literature prompted us to garner demographic and disease characteristics data from historical review of two Pan-Indian journals, with the aim of aiding management. Data has been screened since 1950 from the Medical Journal Armed Forces India (MJAFI) and the Indian Journal of Surgery (IJS), which report cases from different geographical conditions and ethnicity all over the nation. We found only six case reports in the MJAFI, while there was surprisingly no publication regarding pyomyositis in the IJS. We present a case report of a 39-year-old male who developed pyomyositis of the left calf muscle and review published data from these journals over the last 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Manikandan
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai India
| | - Sandeep Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 India
| | - Sunil Anand
- Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 India
| | - Vinay Maurya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 India
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Thomson D, Gupta A, Arundell J, Crosbie J. Deep soft-tissue massage applied to healthy calf muscle has no effect on passive mechanical properties: a randomized, single-blind, cross-over study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015; 7:21. [PMID: 26396740 PMCID: PMC4578668 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-015-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Massage is often applied with the intention of improving flexibility or reducing stiffness in musculotendinous tissue. There is, however, a lack of supporting evidence that such mechanical effects occur. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of massage on the passive mechanical properties of the calf muscle complex. Methods Twenty nine healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 45 years of age had their calf muscle compliance and ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) measured using an instrumented footplate before, immediately and 30 minutes after a ten minute application of deep massage or superficial heating to the calf muscle complex. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between testing sessions and the types of intervention. Reliability testing for the measurement method was conducted using analysis of variance both within and between testing sessions. Results There was no significant change in calf muscle stiffness or ankle dorsiflexion range of motion with or without the application of calf massage. Inter- and intra-session reliability were very high, ICC > 0.88 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Although individuals’ perception of a change in tissue characteristics following massage has been reported, there was no evidence that soft tissue massage led to a change in the passive mechanical properties of the calf muscle complex. The findings of this study suggest that the use of massage to increase tissue flexibility prior to activity is not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Thomson
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia ; Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Amitabh Gupta
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jack Crosbie
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Tschiesche K, Rothamel M, Rzanny R, Gussew A, Hiepe P, Reichenbach JR. MR-compatible pedal ergometer for reproducible exercising of the human calf muscle. Med Eng Phys 2014; 36:933-7. [PMID: 24703504 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A pneumatic MR-compatible pedal ergometer was designed to perform dynamic contraction exercises of the human calf muscle in a whole-body 3T MR scanner. The set-up includes sensors for monitoring mechanical parameters, such as pedal angle, cadence as well as applied force and power. Actual parameter values during the exercise were presented to the volunteer as a visual feedback to enable real-time self-adjustment of pedal deflection and cadence to the target reference value. Time-resolved dynamic (31)P-MR spectroscopic measurements of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pH were performed in a pilot experiment before, during, and after the exercise by a single volunteer. Two different load strengths were applied in these experiments (15% and 25% of the maximum voluntary contraction, MVC). As expected, mechanical and metabolic parameters differed for the two load levels. Small variations of the cadence, power and metabolic changes (time constants of PCr depletion and Pi accumulation) during the experiments demonstrate a highly reproducible mechanical output by the volunteer mediated by the ergometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tschiesche
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
| | - Markus Rothamel
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, Jena University of Applied Sciences (EAH Jena), Germany
| | - Reinhard Rzanny
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Gussew
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Hiepe
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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Nakae I, Mitsunami K, Matsuo S, Inubushi T, Morikawa S, Koh T, Horie M. Detection of calf muscle alterations in patients with chronic heart failure by P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Impaired adaptation to continuous exercise. Exp Clin Cardiol 2005; 10:4-8. [PMID: 19641660 PMCID: PMC2716221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that alteration of systemic skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The authors examined calf muscle metabolism during continuous exercise of the foot in patients with CHF compared with normal subjects using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The subjects were patients with New York Heart Association class II CHF who had previously suffered New York Heart Association class IV heart failure. Plantarflexion of the foot was repeated for 8 min 40 s at a rate of one contraction per second against a 2 kg load inside the magnet. At rest, during exercise (divided into the first one-half [EX1] and the latter one-half [EX2]) and at recovery, (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy data sets were acquired every 4 min 20 s. At rest, the phosphocreatine to hexamethylphosphoric triamide (PCr:HMPT) and the inorganic phosphate (Pi) to PCr ratios in the CHF group were not different from those in the normal group. During EX1 in the normal group, PCr levels decreased and Pi levels increased. Although exercise continued, these changes improved during EX2, suggesting there was an adaptation to exercise. The degree of change in the PCr:HMPT ratio during EX1 in the CHF group was not significantly different from that during EX1 in the normal group; however, the improvement during EX2 in the CHF group was impaired. The Pi:PCr ratio of EX1 to EX2 in the CHF group was significantly greater than that in the normal group (0.74+/-0.22 versus 0.19+/-0.05, respectively, P<0.005). Thus, in CHF, adaptation to continuous exercise may be impaired by alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism and this alteration may worsen exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine
| | | | - Shinro Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine
| | - Toshiro Inubushi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Morikawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Japan
| | - Terue Koh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine
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