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Clatterbuck CA, Lewison RL, Dodder NG, Zeeman C, Schiff K. Seabirds as regional biomonitors of legacy toxicants on an urbanized coastline. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:460-469. [PMID: 29156266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are often cited as sentinels of the marine environment, but are rarely used in traditional ocean and coastal contaminant monitoring. Four classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs, n=68) and three trace elements (mercury, selenium, and arsenic) were measured in the eggs of California least terns (Sterna antillarum browni), caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and western gulls (Larus occidentalis) that nest in the Southern California Bight. Building on a periodic five year regional monitoring program, we measured contaminant exposure and assessed the utility of seabirds as regional contaminant biomonitors. We found that the eggs of larger, more piscivorous species generally had the highest concentrations of POPs and trace elements while California least terns had the lowest concentrations, except for mercury which was higher in least terns. As expected, DDT concentrations were elevated near the Palos Verdes Superfund site. However, we also detected a previously unknown latitudinal pattern in PBDE concentrations in least terns. POP congener profiles also confirmed differences in contamination in urban least tern colonies closest to urban centers. Though toxicants were at detectable levels across species and sites, concentrations were below those known to cause adverse effects in avian taxa and are steady or declining compared to previous studies in this region. Our results suggest that regional seabird monitoring can inform site-specific remediation and support management and protection of regionally-threatened wildlife and coastal systems. Integration of seabird contaminant data with traditional sediment, water, bivalve and fish monitoring is needed to further our understanding of exposure pathways and food web contaminant transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Clatterbuck
- San Diego State University, Biology Department, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California-Davis, Graduate Group in Ecology, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | - Nathan G Dodder
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Zeeman
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish & Wildlife Office, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Schiff
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
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Jin M, Fu J, Xue B, Zhou S, Zhang L, Li A. Distribution and enantiomeric profiles of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent Arctic areas. Environ Pollut 2017; 222:109-117. [PMID: 28069371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, compositional profiles, and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and chlordanes (CHLs), in the surface sediments in the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas were investigated. The total concentrations of DDTs, HCHs and CHLs varied from 0.64 to 3.17 ng/g dw, 0.19-0.65 ng/g dw, and 0.03-0.16 ng/g dw, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea for most pollutants except for trans-CHL, ΣCHLs (sum of trans- and cis-chlordane) and p,p'-DDD. Concentration ratios (e.g., α-HCH/γ-HCH, o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT) indicated that the contamination in the studied areas may result from inputs from multiple sources (e.g., historical usage of technical HCHs as well as new input of dicofol). Chiral analysis showed great variation in the enantioselective degradation of OCPs, resulting in excess of (+)-enantiomer for α-HCH in thirty of the 32 detectable samples, preferential depletion of (-)-enantiomer for o,p'-DDT in nineteen of the 35 detectable samples, and nonracemic in most samples for trans- and cis-chlordane. The ecological risks of the individual OCPs as well as the mixture were assessed based on the calculation of toxic units (TUs), and the results showed the predominance of DDT and γ-HCH in the mixture toxicity of the sediment. Overall, the TUs of OCPs in sediments from both the Bering and Chukchi Seas are less than one, indicating low ecological risk potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Jin
- College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Fu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - An Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Zhou S, Tang Q, Jin M, Liu W, Niu L, Ye H. Residues and chiral signatures of organochlorine pesticides in mollusks from the coastal regions of the Yangtze River Delta: source and health risk implication. Chemosphere 2014; 114:40-50. [PMID: 25113182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The residues and enantiomeric fractions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in 11 mollusk species collected from the coastal areas along the Yangtze River Delta to evaluate the status, potential sources, and health risks of pollution in these areas. The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes ranged from 6.22 to 398.19, 0.66-7.11, and 0.14-4.08 ng g(-1) based on wet weight, respectively; DDTs and HCHs have the highest values, globally. The DDTs increased and the HCHs decreased compared to historical data. Both the box-and-whisker plots and the one-way ANOVA tests indicated that the OCP levels varied little between sampling locations and organism species. The compositions of the DDTs and HCHs suggested a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered technical products. The comparative EF values for the α-HCH between the sediments and mollusks, as well as the lack of any discernible difference in the relative proportions of HCH isomers among different species from the same sampling site implied that the HCH residues in the mollusks came directly from the surrounding environment. However, the biotransformation of DDTs in mollusks cannot be precluded. The assessments performed based on several available guidelines suggested that although no significant human health risks were associated with the dietary intake of OCPs, the concentrations of DDTs exceeded the maximum residual limits of China and many developed nations. Moreover, an increased lifetime cancer risk from dietary exposure to either DDTs or HCHs remains a possibility. Because non-racemic OCP residues are common in the mollusk samples, our results suggest a need to further explore the levels and toxicity of the chiral contaminants in mollusks and other foodstuff to develop the human risk assessment framework based on chiral signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhi Tang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Weiping Liu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lili Niu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
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Zhou S, Yang H, Zhang A, Li YF, Liu W. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea: implication of transport, sources and trends. Chemosphere 2014; 114:26-34. [PMID: 25113180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-eight surface sediments and two sediment cores were collected from Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and adjacent East China Sea (ECS) to study the distribution patterns, origins, potential transport and burden of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the marginal sea. Residues of OCPs ranged from 0.190 to 5.17 ng g(-1) dry weight with a distinct "band type" pattern under the control of Yangtze River inputs and ECS circulation system. Differences in transmission media and redox conditions in situ respectively resulted in the divergent distributions of α/β-HCH and DDD/DDE. The compositional pattern analysis implied that OCPs in the inner shelf of ECS were derived from both "weathered" and fresh sources, whereas those in the outer shelf of ECS had undergone high metabolism. Concurrent with the land-sea migration, vertical profiles of sediment cores showed increasing trends or rebound since the 1990s, characteristic of two evident "jumps" of DDE+DDD/DDT and DDT/DDE ratios. Moreover, the primary distribution pattern founded for HCHs and the considerable mass inventories calculated (6.20 metric tones for OCPs) together suggested that the contaminated sediments in the studied area to be a potential source of OCPs to the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huayun Yang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Carlsson P, Warner NA, Hallanger IG, Herzke D, Kallenborn R. Spatial and temporal distribution of chiral pesticides in Calanus spp. from three Arctic fjords. Environ Pollut 2014; 192:154-161. [PMID: 24951967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentration and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of chiral chlorinated pesticides (α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), trans-, cis- and oxychlordane) were determined in Arctic zooplankton, mainly Calanus spp. collected in the period 2007-11 from Svalbard fjords and open pack-ice. The temporal and spatial enantiomer distribution varied considerably for all species and chiral pesticides investigated. An overall enantiomeric excess of (+)-oxychlordane (EF 0.53-0.86) were observed. Cis-chlordane was close to racemic (EF 0.46-0.55), while EF for trans-chlordane varied between 0.29 and 0.55, and between 0.38 and 0.59 for α-HCH. The biodegradation potential for trans-chlordane was higher compared to cis-chlordane. The comprehensive statistical evaluation of the data set revealed that the EF distribution of α-HCH was affected by ice cover to a higher extent compared to cis-chlordane. Potential impact from benthic processes on EFs in zooplankton is an interesting feature and should be further investigated. Enantiomeric selective analyses may be a suitable tool for investigations of climate change related influences on Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Carlsson
- University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; University of Tromsø, Hansine Hansens veg 14, NO-9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicholas A Warner
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), FRAM - High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, Christian M. Falsens veg 1, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
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