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Lei S, Ji Y, Zhang Q, Li G, Zou L, Chai G, Mao J, Zhang J, Ye B. A rapid one-step electrochemical method based on cleat-equipped molecular walking machine. Talanta 2024; 272:125756. [PMID: 38364562 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Various nucleic acid molecular machines have emerged in recent years. However, when the nucleic acid tracks are fully depleted, these walkers are highly susceptible to premature release or stalling in regions where the tracks are locally exhausted. In this work, a molecular walking machine with a cleat domain preventing dissociation from the track was explored for ultrasensitive detection of miRNA. It has been verified that the cleat design can enhance the signal amplification efficiency of molecular walking machines for electrochemical miRNA-141 detection. Notably, the single-step electrochemical biosensing platform utilizing the cleat-equipped molecular walking machine (CMWM) is exceptionally straightforward and rapid, concluding the reaction within 90 min and achieving a remarkable low detection limit of 0.26 fM. The proposed molecular walking machine with this specific cleat structure was utilized for the identification of miRNA-141 in cellular lysates, exhibiting remarkable selectivity and consistent reproducibility, showcasing its effective utility in bioanalysis. Therefore, the cleat walker developed in this study introduces an innovative method for constructing a miRNA electrochemical biosensing platform, offering new perspectives for its application in biomolecule detection and clinical disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lei
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yanli Ji
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Qidong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Gaiping Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lina Zou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guobi Chai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102299, PR China
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Baoxian Ye
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Kent R, Yoder J, O'Cain CM, Meade Spratley E, Arbogast KB, Sorochan J, McNitt A, Serensits T. Force-limiting and the mechanical response of natural turfgrass used in the National Football League: A step toward the elimination of differential lower limb injury risk on synthetic turf. J Biomech 2021; 127:110670. [PMID: 34391130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lower limb injury rate in the National Football League (NFL) is greater on synthetic turf than on natural turfgrass. Foot loading in potentially injurious situations can be mitigated by damage to natural turfgrass that limits the peak load by allowing relative motion between the foot and the ground. Synthetic turf surfaces do not typically sustain such damage and thus lack such a load-limiting mechanism. To guide innovation in synthetic turf design, this paper reports 1) the peak loads of natural turfgrass when loaded by a cleated footform and 2) corridors that define the load-displacement response. Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis, L.] and two cultivars of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] were tested with two cleat patterns in three loading modes (anterior-posterior or AP translation, medial-lateral or ML translation, and forefoot external rotation) at two power levels (full-power, which generated potentially injurious loads, and reduced-power, which generated horizontal forces similar to non-injurious ground reaction forces applied by an elite athlete during play). All tests generated peak force<4.95 kN and torque<173 Nm, which is in a loading regime that would be expected to mitigate injury risk. In full-power tests, bermudagrass withstood significantly (p < 0.05) greater peak loads than Kentucky bluegrass: (3.86 ± 0.45 kN vs. 2.66 ± 0.23 kN in AP, 3.25 ± 0.45 kN vs. 2.49 ± 0.36 kN in ML, and 144.8 ± 12.0 Nm vs. 126.3 ± 6.1 Nm in rotation). Corridors are reported that describe the load-displacement response aggregated across all surfaces tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kent
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Jared Yoder
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cody M O'Cain
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - E Meade Spratley
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), LLC, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kristy B Arbogast
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Sorochan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew McNitt
- Center for Sports Surface Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Tom Serensits
- Center for Sports Surface Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Abstract
The epidemiology of any given topic sometimes is overlooked. This is true particularly with sports physicians and sports injuries. The identification of sports-specific injury patterns by collection and examination of data can help prevent injuries. Thus, as a physician involved in any sport, it is essential to have this knowledge because understanding it and imparting it may allow a valuable contribution to the health and safety of the athletes and success of the teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Hodgkins
- Miami Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Institute, 1150 Campo Sano Avenue, Miami, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Wessling
- Lenox Hill Hospital, 159 East 74th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Kim BH, Walton G, Larson MK, Berry S. Experimental study on the confinement-dependent characteristics of a Utah coal considering the anisotropy by cleats. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci (1997) 2018; 105:182-191. [PMID: 29780272 PMCID: PMC5956526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing a coal from an engineering perspective for design of mining excavations is critical in order to prevent fatalities, as underground coal mines are often developed in highly stressed ground conditions. Coal pillar bursts involve the sudden expulsion of coal and rock into the mine opening. These events occur when relatively high stresses in a coal pillar, left for support in underground workings, exceed the pillar's load capacity causing the pillar to rupture without warning. This process may be influenced by cleating, which is a type of joint system that can be found in coal rock masses. As such, it is important to consider the anisotropy of coal mechanical behavior. Additionally, if coal is expected to fail in a brittle manner, then behavior changes, such as the transition from extensional to shear failure, have to be considered and reflected in the adopted failure criteria. It must be anticipated that a different failure mechanism occurs as the confinement level increases and conditions for tensile failure are prevented or strongly diminished. The anisotropy and confinement dependency of coal behavior previously mentioned merit extensive investigation. In this study, a total of 84 samples obtained from a Utah coal mine were investigated by conducting both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests. The results showed that the confining pressure dictated not only the peak compressive strength but also the brittleness as a function of the major to the minor principal stress ratio. Additionally, an s-shaped brittle failure criterion was fitted to the results, showing the development of confinement-dependent strength. Moreover, these mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic, which was associated with the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Kim
- CDC, NIOSH, 315 E. Montgomery Ave., Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Gabriel Walton
- Department of Geology & Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Mark K. Larson
- CDC, NIOSH, 315 E. Montgomery Ave., Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Steve Berry
- Department of Geological Engineering, Montana Tech, Butte, MT, United States
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Worsfold P, Smith NA, Dyson RJ. Low handicap golfers generate more torque at the shoe-natural grass interface when using a driver. J Sports Sci Med 2008; 7:408-414. [PMID: 24149910 PMCID: PMC3761900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the rotational torque occurring at the shoe-natural grass interface during golf swing performance with different clubs, and to determine the influence of handicap and golf shoe design. Twenty-four golfers (8 low 0-7; 8 medium 8-14; and 8 high 15+) performed 5 shots with a driver, 3-iron and 7-iron when 3 shoes were worn: a modern 8 mm metal 7-spike shoe, an alternative 7-spike shoe and a flat soled shoe. Torque was measured at the front and back foot by grass covered force platforms in an outdoor field. Torque at the shoe- natural turf interface was similar at the front foot when using a driver, 3-iron and 7-iron with maximum mean torque (Tzmax 17-19 Nm) and torque generation in the entire backswing and downswing approximately 40 Nm. At the back foot, torque was less than at the front foot when using the driver, 3-iron and 7-iron. At the back foot Tzmax was 6-7 Nm, and torque generation was 10-16 Nm, with a trend for greater torque generation when using the driver rather than the irons. The metal spike shoe allowed significantly more back foot torque generation when using a driver than a flat- soled shoe (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the metal and alternative spike shoes for any torque measure (p > 0.05), although back foot mean torques generated tended to be greater for the metal spike shoe. The golf shot outcomes were similar for low, medium and high handicappers in both metal and alternative spike shoes (metal: 87%; 76%; 54%; alternative: 85%; 74%; 54% respectively). The better, low handicap golfers generated significantly more back foot torque (metal spike: 18.2 Nm; alternative: 15.8 Nm; p < 0.05) when using a driver. Further research should consider back foot shoe-grass interface demands during driver usage by low handicap and lighter body-weight golfers. Key pointsShoe to natural turf torque generation is an important component in performing a golf swing with a driver club.Torque at the shoe to natural turf interface was similar at the front foot when using a driver, 3-iron and 7-iron with Tzmax (17-19 Nm approx) and torque generation in the entire backswing and downswing of 40 Nm.Torque at the back foot was less than at the front foot when using the driver, 3-iron and 7-iron; Tzmax was 6-7 Nm, and torque generation 10-16 Nm with a trend to be greater when the driver was used.Low handicap golfers generated significantly more torque at the back foot than the medium or high handicappers (P<0.05) when using a driver.The metal spike shoe on natural turf allowed significantly more torque generation at the back foot than a flat-soled golf shoe when using a driver. Results have implications for golf shoe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Worsfold
- University of Chichester , Chichester, West Sussex, UK
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