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Hala D, Petersen LH, Huggett DB, Puchowicz MA, Brunengraber H, Zhang GF. Overcompensation of CoA Trapping by Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Metabolites in Livers of Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413489. [PMID: 34948286 PMCID: PMC8709406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industrial and household plastic products, ensuring widespread human exposures. Its routine detection in human bio-fluids and the propensity of its monoester metabolite to activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) and perturb lipid metabolism implicate it as a metabolic disrupter. In this study we evaluated the effects of DEHP exposure on hepatic levels of free CoA and various CoA esters, while also confirming the metabolic activation to CoA esters and partial β-oxidation of a DEHP metabolite (2-ethyhexanol). Male Wistar rats were exposed via diet to 2% (w/w) DEHP for fourteen-days, following which hepatic levels of free CoA and various CoA esters were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DEHP exposed rats showed significantly elevated free CoA and increased levels of physiological, DEHP-derived and unidentified CoA esters. The physiological CoA ester of malonyl-CoA and DEHP-derived CoA ester of 3-keto-2-ethylhexanoyl-CoA were the most highly elevated, at eighteen- and ninety eight-times respectively. We also detected sixteen unidentified CoA esters which may be derivative of DEHP metabolism or induction of other intermediary metabolism metabolites. Our results demonstrate that DEHP is a metabolic disrupter which affects production and sequestration of CoA, an essential cofactor of oxidative and biosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hala
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-409-740-4535
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Duane B. Huggett
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, GA 30601, USA
| | - Michelle A. Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.A.P.); (H.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.A.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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