1
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Manan F, Shi G, Gong H, Hou H, Khan H, Leng Y, Castell-Miller C, Ali S, Faris JD, Zhong S, Steffenson BJ, Liu Z. Prevalence and Importance of the Necrotrophic Effector Gene ToxA in Bipolaris sorokiniana Populations Collected from Spring Wheat and Barley. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2424-2430. [PMID: 36724100 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-2011-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes foliar and root diseases on wheat and barley. These diseases are common in all wheat- and barley-growing regions, with more severe outbreaks occurring under warm and humid conditions. B. sorokiniana can also infect a wide range of grass species in the family Poaceae and secrete ToxA, an important necrotrophic effector also identified other wheat leaf spotting pathogens. In this study, the prevalence and virulence role of ToxA were investigated in a collection of 278 B. sorokiniana isolates collected from spring wheat and barley in the Upper Midwest of the United States or other places, including 169 from wheat leaves, 75 from wheat roots, 30 from barley leaves, and 4 from wild quack grass leaves. ToxA was present in the isolates from wheat leaves, wheat roots, and wild grass leaves but was absent from isolates collected from barley leaves. Prevalence of ToxA in wheat leaf isolates (34.3%) was much higher than that in wheat root isolates (16%). Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of two haplotypes, with the majority being BsH2. All ToxA+ isolates produced the functional effector in liquid cultures. Pathogenicity assays revealed that ToxA+ isolates caused significantly more disease on spring wheat lines harboring Tsn1 than their tsn1 mutants, suggesting that the ToxA-Tsn1 interaction plays an important role in spot blotch development. This work confirms the importance of ToxA in B. sorokiniana populations infecting wheat and, thus, the need to eliminate Tsn1 from spring wheat cultivars to reduce susceptibility to spot blotch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Manan
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Gongjun Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Hongmei Gong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Mathematics Department, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, Moorhead, MN 56560
| | - Hannah Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Yueqiang Leng
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | | | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006
| | - Justin D Faris
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | | | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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Zhang W, Yang Q, Yang L, Li H, Zhou W, Meng J, Hu Y, Wang L, Kang R, Li H, Ding S, Li G. High-Quality Nuclear Genome and Mitogenome of Bipolaris sorokiniana LK93, a Devastating Pathogen Causing Wheat Root Rot. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:452-456. [PMID: 36802869 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0196-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana, one of the most devastating hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, causes root rot, crown rot, leaf blotching, and black embryos of gramineous crops worldwide, posing a serious threat to global food security. However, the host-pathogen interaction mechanism between B. sorokiniana and wheat remains poorly understood. To facilitate related studies, we sequenced and assembled the genome of B. sorokiniana LK93. Nanopore long reads and next generation sequencing short reads were applied in the genome assembly, and the final 36.4-Mb genome assembly contains 16 contigs with the contig N50 of 2.3 Mb. Subsequently, we annotated 11,811 protein-coding genes. Of these, 10,620 were functional genes, 258 of which were identified as secretory proteins, including 211 predicted effectors. Additionally, the 111,581-bp mitogenome of LK93 was assembled and annotated. The LK93 genomes presented in this study will facilitate research in the B. sorokiniana-wheat pathosystem for better control of crop diseases. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxing Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruijiao Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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De Clerck C, Josselin L, Vangoethem V, Lassois L, Fauconnier ML, Jijakli H. Weapons against Themselves: Identification and Use of Quorum Sensing Volatile Molecules to Control Plant Pathogenic Fungi Growth. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122459. [PMID: 36557712 PMCID: PMC9784989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is often defined as a mechanism of microbial communication that can regulate microbial behaviors in accordance with population density. Much is known about QS mechanisms in bacteria, but fungal QS research is still in its infancy. In this study, the molecules constituting the volatolomes of the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum and Cochliobolus sativus have been identified during culture conditions involving low and high spore concentrations, with the high concentration imitating overpopulation conditions (for QS stimulation). We determined that volatolomes emitted by these species in conditions of overpopulation have a negative impact on their mycelial growth, with some of the emitted molecules possibly acting as QSM. Candidate VOCs related to QS have then been identified by testing the effect of individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on mycelial growth of their emitting species. The antifungal effect observed for the volatolome of F. culmorum in the overpopulation condition could be attributed to ethyl acetate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 3-methylbutyl ethanoate, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, and pentan-1-ol, while it could be attributed to longifolene, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and ethyl acetate for C. sativus in the overpopulation condition. This work could pave the way to a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurie Josselin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Valentine Vangoethem
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Lassois
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Lab., Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Chen L, Yao Q, Wang F, Pang Y, Lang X, Sun D, Zhou J, Feng J, Lin R. Pathotype Identification and Virulence Variation in Cochliobolus sativus in China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:585-594. [PMID: 34587774 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1248-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch caused by Cochliobolus sativus has become an important disease in the wheat-growing regions in China that has resulted from changes in the regional climate, agricultural cultivation patterns, and the susceptible wheat varieties that are widely grown. Little information is available about virulence variability and pathogenic specialization of the C. sativus isolates from major wheat-growing regions in China. Here, 12 representative wheat varieties and foundation breeding stocks were selected to characterize the pathotypes of C. sativus isolates from infected wheat plants. Based on the infection phenotypes in the 12 differential genotypes at the seedling stage, 70 Chinese pathotypes were identified from 110 isolates and clustered into three virulence groups. The high virulence isolates were collected from wheat leaves, crowns, and roots, with most (10 of 14) from the Henan province in the Huang-Huai plain. No relationship was evident between virulence variability of C. sativus isolates and their geographic origins or types of diseased wheat tissues. C. sativus showed a significant pathogenic specialization in hosts of wheat and barley. Most of the wheat isolates (50 of 65) were avirulent to all the differential barley genotypes, and a few were virulent only to highly susceptible barley genotypes. These results indicated that C. sativus isolates from the wheat-growing regions in China varied considerably for their virulence in wheat varieties, and showed significant pathogenic specialization to the wheat and barley hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Lang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hongxinglong Agricultural Science Research Institute, Jiamusi 155811, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiming Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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5
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Al-Sadi AM. Bipolaris sorokiniana-Induced Black Point, Common Root Rot, and Spot Blotch Diseases of Wheat: A Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:584899. [PMID: 33777829 PMCID: PMC7991903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.584899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is among the ten top and most widely grown crops in the world. Several diseases cause losses in wheat production in different parts of the world. Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph, Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the wheat pathogens that can attack all wheat parts, including seeds, roots, shoots, and leaves. Black point, root rot, crown rot and spot blotch are the main diseases caused by B. sorokiniana in wheat. Seed infection by B. sorokiniana can result in black point disease, reducing seed quality and seed germination and is considered a main source of inoculum for diseases such as common root rot and spot blotch. Root rot and crown rot diseases, which result from soil-borne or seed-borne inoculum, can result in yield losses in wheat. Spot blotch disease affects wheat in different parts of the world and cause significant losses in grain yield. This review paper summarizes the latest findings on B. sorokiniana, with a specific emphasis on management using genetic, chemical, cultural, and biological control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhoud, Oman
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6
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He X, Dreisigacker S, Sansaloni C, Duveiller E, Singh RP, Singh PK. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Spot Blotch Resistance in Two Biparental Mapping Populations of Bread Wheat. Phytopathology 2020; 110:1980-1987. [PMID: 32635797 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0197-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a major fungal disease of wheat in South Asia and South America. Two biparental mapping populations with 232 F2:7 progenies each were generated, with CIMMYT breeding lines CASCABEL and KATH as resistant parents and CIANO T79 as the common susceptible parent. The two populations were evaluated for field SB resistance in CIMMYT's Agua Fria station for three consecutive cropping seasons, with artificial inoculation. Genotyping was done with the DArTseq platform and approximately 1,500 high quality and nonredundant markers were used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. In both populations, a major QTL was found on chromosome 5A in the Vrn-A1 region, explaining phenotypic variations of 13.5 to 25.9%, which turned up to be less- or nonsignificant when days to heading and plant height were used as covariates in the analysis, implying a disease escape mechanism. Another major QTL was located on chromosome 5B in CASCABEL, accounting for 8.9 to 21.4% of phenotypic variation. Minor QTL were found on 4A and 4B in CASCABEL; 1B, 4B, and 4D in KATH; and 1B, 2B, and 4B in CIANO T79. Through an analysis of QTL projection onto the IWGSC Chinese Spring reference genome, the 5B QTL in CASCABEL was mapped in the Sb2 region, delimited by the single nucleotide polymorphism marker wsnp_Ku_c50354_55979952 and the simple sequence repeat marker gwm213, with a physical distance of about 14 Mb to the Tsn1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Carolina Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Etienne Duveiller
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Pawan K Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Singh PK, He X, Sansaloni CP, Juliana P, Dreisigacker S, Duveiller E, Kumar U, Joshi AK, Singh RP. Resistance to Spot Blotch in Two Mapping Populations of Common Wheat Is Controlled by Multiple QTL of Minor Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124054. [PMID: 30558200 PMCID: PMC6321084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spot blotch (SB) is an important fungal disease of wheat in South Asia and South America. Host resistance is regarded as an economical and environmentally friendly approach of controlling SB, and the inheritance of resistance is mostly quantitative. In order to gain a better understanding on the SB resistance mechanism in CIMMYT germplasm, two bi-parental mapping populations were generated, both comprising 232 F2:7 progenies. Elite CIMMYT breeding lines, BARTAI and WUYA, were used as resistant parents, whereas CIANO T79 was used as susceptible parent in both populations. The two populations were evaluated for field SB resistance at CIMMYT’s Agua Fria station for three consecutive years, from the 2012–2013 to 2014–2015 cropping seasons. Phenological traits like plant height (PH) and days to heading (DH) were also determined. Genotyping was performed using the DArTSeq genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform, and a few D-genome specific SNPs and those for phenological traits were integrated for analysis. The most prominent quantitative trait locus (QTL) in both populations was found on chromosome 5AL at the Vrn-A1 locus, explaining phenotypic variations of 7–27%. Minor QTL were found on chromosomes 1B, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B and 6D in BARTAI and on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D and 4B in WUYA, whereas minor QTL contributed by CIANO T79 were identified on chromosome 1B, 1D, 3A, 4B and 7A. In summary, resistance to SB in the two mapping populations was controlled by multiple minor QTL, with strong influence from Vrn-A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Paola Sansaloni
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Etienne Duveiller
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Uttam Kumar
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Arun Kumar Joshi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
| | - Ravi Prakash Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico.
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McDonald MC, Ahren D, Simpfendorfer S, Milgate A, Solomon PS. The discovery of the virulence gene ToxA in the wheat and barley pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:432-439. [PMID: 28093843 PMCID: PMC6638140 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana is the causal agent of multiple diseases on wheat and barley and is the primary constraint to cereal production throughout South Asia. Despite its significance, the molecular basis of disease is poorly understood. To address this, the genomes of three Australian isolates of B. sorokiniana were sequenced and screened for known pathogenicity genes. Sequence analysis revealed that the isolate BRIP10943 harboured the ToxA gene, which has been associated previously with disease in the wheat pathogens Parastagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Analysis of the regions flanking ToxA within B. sorokiniana revealed that it was embedded within a 12-kb genomic element nearly identical to the corresponding regions in P. nodorum and P. tritici-repentis. A screen of 35 Australian B. sorokiniana isolates confirmed that ToxA was present in 12 isolates. Sequencing of the ToxA genes within these isolates revealed two haplotypes, which differed by a single non-synonymous nucleotide substitution. Pathogenicity assays showed that a B. sorokiniana isolate harbouring ToxA was more virulent on wheat lines that contained the sensitivity gene when compared with a non-ToxA isolate. This work demonstrates that proteins that confer host-specific virulence can be horizontally acquired across multiple species. This acquisition can dramatically increase the virulence of pathogenic strains on susceptible cultivars, which, in an agricultural setting, can have devastating economic and social impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. McDonald
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberra2601Australia
| | - Dag Ahren
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund22101Sweden
| | - Steven Simpfendorfer
- SW Department of Primary IndustriesTamworth Agricultural InstituteTamworthNSW2340Australia
| | - Andrew Milgate
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesWagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNSW2650Australia
| | - Peter S. Solomon
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberra2601Australia
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Bykova IV, Lashina NM, Efimov VM, Afanasenko OS, Khlestkina EK. Identification of 50 K Illumina-chip SNPs associated with resistance to spot blotch in barley. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:250. [PMID: 29297317 PMCID: PMC5751810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is one of the most widespread and harmful diseases in barley. Identification of genetic loci associated with resistance to C. sativus is of importance for future marker-assisted selection. The goal of the current study was to identify loci conferring seedling resistance to two different pathotypes of C. sativus in the Siberian spring barley core collection. RESULTS A total of 96 spring barley cultivars and lines were phenotyped at the seedling stage with two C. sativus isolates (Kr2 and Ch3). According to the Fetch-Steffenson rating scale 16%/17% of genotypes were resistant and 26%/30% were moderate-resistant to the Kr2/Ch3 isolates respectively. A total of 94 genotypes were analyzed with the barley 50 K Illumina Infinium iSELECT assay. From 44,040 SNPs, 40,703 were scorable, from which 39,140 were polymorphic. 27,319 SNPs passed filtering threshold and were used for association mapping. Data analysis by GLM revealed 48 and 41 SNPs for Kr2 and Ch3 isolates, respectively. After application of 5% Bonferroni multiple test correction, only 3 and 27 SNPs were identified, respectively. A total of three genomic regions were associated with the resistance. The region on chromosome 3H associated with Ch3-resistance was expanded between markers SCRI_RS_97417 and JHI-Hv50k-2016-158003 and included 11 SNPs, from which JHI-Hv50k-2016-157070, JHI-Hv50k-2016-156842 had the lowest p-values. These two SNPs were also significant in case of Kr2 isolate. The region on chromosome 2H included 16 loci (7 of them with the lowest p-values were tightly linked to BOPA2_12_11504). Three loci corresponding to this region had suggestive p-values in case of Kr2 tests, so the locus on chromosome 2H may also contribute to resistance to Kr2 isolate. The third region with significant p-value in case of Kr2 tests was identified on chromosome 1H at the locus JHI-Hv50k-2016-33568. CONCLUSIONS Three genomic regions associated with the resistance to one or both isolates of C. sativus were identified via screening of the Siberian spring barley core collection. Comparison of their location with QTLs revealed previously either with biparental mapping populations studies or with GWAS of distinct germplasm and other isolates, demonstrated that resistance to isolates Kr2 and Ch3 is conferred by known spot blotch resistance loci. Information on SNPs related can be used further for development of DNA-markers convenient for diagnostics of resistance-associated alleles in barley breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Bykova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Nina M. Lashina
- All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia
| | - Vadim M. Efimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Olga S. Afanasenko
- All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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10
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Arabi MIE, AL-Daoude A, Shoaib A, Jawhar M. Accumulation of Transcripts Abundance after Barley Inoculation with Cochliobolus sativus. Plant Pathol J 2015; 31:72-7. [PMID: 25774113 PMCID: PMC4356608 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2014.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spot blotch caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Cochliobolus sativus has been the major yield-reducing factor for barley production during the last decade. Monitoring transcriptional reorganization triggered in response to this fungus is an essential first step for the functional analysis of genes involved in the process. To characterize the defense responses initiated by barley resistant and susceptible cultivars, a survey of transcript abundance at early time points of C. sativus inoculation was conducted. A notable number of transcripts exhibiting significant differential accumulations in the resistant and susceptible cultivars were detected compared to the non-inoculated controls. At the p-value of 0.0001, transcripts were divided into three general categories; defense, regulatory and unknown function, and the resistant cultivar had the greatest number of common transcripts at different time points. Quantities of differentially accumulated gene transcripts in both cultivars were identified at 24 h post infection, the approximate time when the pathogen changes trophic lifestyles. The unique and common accumulated transcripts might be of considerable interest for enhancing effective resistance to C. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonious AL-Daoude
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus,
Syria
| | - Amina Shoaib
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus,
Syria
| | - Mohammad Jawhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, P. O. Box 6091, Damascus,
Syria
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Arabi MIE, Jawhar M. A simple method for assessing severity of common root rot on barley. Plant Pathol J 2013; 29:451-453. [PMID: 25288975 PMCID: PMC4174824 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2013.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Common root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus is a serious disease of barley. A simple and reliable method for assessing this disease would enhance our capacity in identifying resistance sources and developing resistant barley cultivars. In searching for such a method, a conidial suspension of C. sativus was dropped onto sterilized elongated subcrown internodes and incubated in sandwich filter paper using polyethylene transparent envelopes. Initial disease symptoms were easily detected after 48h of inoculation. Highly significant correlation coefficients were found in each experiment (A, B and C) between sandwich filter paper and seedling assays, indicating that this testing procedure was reliable. The method presented facilitates a rapid pre-selection under uniform conditions which is of importance from a breeder's point of view.
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Fajolu OL, Wadl PA, Vu AL, Gwinn KD, Scheffler BE, Trigiano RN, Ownley BH. Development and characterization of simple sequence repeats for Bipolaris sorokiniana and cross transferability to related species. Mycologia 2013; 105:1164-73. [PMID: 23709521 DOI: 10.3852/12-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were developed from a small insert genomic library for Bipolaris sorokiniana, a mitosporic fungal pathogen that causes spot blotch and root rot in switchgrass. About 59% of sequenced clones (n = 384) harbored SSR motifs. After eliminating redundant sequences, 196 SSR loci were identified, of which 84.7% were dinucleotide repeats and 9.7% and 5.6% were tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats, respectively. Primer pairs were designed for 105 loci and 85 successfully amplified loci. Sixteen polymorphic loci were characterized with 15 B. sorokiniana isolates obtained from infected switchgrass plant materials collected from five states in USA. These loci successfully cross-amplified isolates from at least one related species, including Bipolaris oryzae, Bipolaris spicifera and Bipolaris victoriae, that causes leaf spot on switchgrass. Haploid gene diversity per locus across all isolates studied varied 0.633-0.861. Principal component analysis of SSR data clustered isolates according to their respective species. These SSR markers will be a valuable tool for genetic variability and population studies of B. sorokiniana and related species that are pathogenic on switchgrass and other host plants. In addition, these markers are potential diagnostic tools for species in the genus Bipolaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi L Fajolu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4560
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Bakri Y, Jawhar M, Arabi MIE. Improvement of xylanase production by Cochliobolus sativus in solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:602-4. [PMID: 24031273 PMCID: PMC3768414 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080003000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The xylanase production by Cochliobolus sativus strain Cs6 was improved under solid state fermentation (SSF). High xylanase activity (1079 U/g) was obtained when wheat straw was used after 8 days of incubation. Combinations of sodium nitrate with peptone or yeast extract resulted in an increased xylanase production (1543 and 1483 U/g, respectively). The Cs6 strain grown in SSF in a simple medium, proved to be a promising microorganism for xylanase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Bakri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , AECS, Damascus , Syria
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