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Vitt S, Bakowski CE, Thünken T. Sex-specific effects of inbreeding on body colouration and physiological colour change in the cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:124. [PMID: 36316663 PMCID: PMC9623988 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colour expression is highly variable in animals. In fishes, rapid colour change, i.e. physiological colour change, can be observed in multiple contexts, e.g. in camouflage or communication, and is affected by various factors, such as stress. Pelvicachromis taeniatus is a cichlid fish from West Africa with sexual dichromatism and both sexes being brightly coloured and flexible in ornament expression. In the present study, inbred and outbred P. taeniatus were photographed before and after a stress situation to investigate the stress response regarding colour expression in both sexes. Results The chromaticity and the colour patch size (relative coloured area at the abdomen) were determined at both timepoints and the changes were analysed. Additionally, the coefficients of variation within family groups for the chromaticity (CVchromaticity) and colour patch size (CVarea) were calculated. Chromaticity as well as the extent of colouration increased significantly following handling stress. The change in chromaticity was not significantly different between in- and outbred individuals in females and males. Inbred males showed more intense yellow colouration than outbred males. Independent from inbreeding, the CVchromaticity decreased following the handling stress. The change in CVarea of females and males differed between in- and outbred individuals. In females, the decrease was significantly stronger in inbred individuals and in males the decrease was stronger in the outbred group. Conclusion The results show that short-term stress can increase colouration, potentially advertising individual’s stress tolerance. Furthermore, this study shows positive inbreeding effects on a sexually selected trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitt
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina E. Bakowski
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Thünken
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Sarania B, Kumar A, Sarma K, Brahma BS, Basumatary H, Devi A. A comparative assessment of external morphological traits between Macaca munzala, Tawang and Macaca assamensis, Goalpara population in Northeast India. Primates 2021; 62:343-60. [PMID: 33174153 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the external morphology, relative tail length and colour variation (RGB additive colour model) of Macaca munzala, Tawang and Macaca assamensis, Goalpara (southern Brahmaputra population), using a non-invasive photogrammetry method. The study revealed that the relative tail length of M. munzala (0.43 ± 0.03) is similar to that of M. assamensis assamensis, a subspecies of M. assamensis. On the other hand, the relative tail length of M. assamensis, Goalpara (0.61 ± 0.04) is similar to M. assamensis pelops, the other subspecies of M. assamensis. A total of 12 external morphological traits were observed and similarities found between the two studied populations. The study also found that the species-specific traits of M. munzala such as "dark patch of the crown whorl", "dark patch of hair at the temporal side", "spectacle appearance around eyes" and "whip-like tail appearance" in the infant and "stocky tail" are present in M. assamensis, Goalpara as well. Likewise, the "chin and cheek whiskers" are found in adult female individuals of both species. The comparative assessment of the dorsal coat colour (RGB value) revealed a darker brown dorsal coat in M. munzala (R 123.14 ± 11.62; G 107.71 ± 10.37, B 89.43 ± 9.21) than in M. assamensis, Goalpara (R 136 ± 23.57, G 112 ± 15.63, B 97.83 ± 13.04). The comparative assessment of facial skin colour among the adult individuals showed that the male M. munzala has darker brown facial skin than that of M. assamensis, whereas the female M. munzala shows darker reddish facial skin compared to M. assamensis, Goalpara. The species-specific traits of M. leucogenys were also compared, and the traits "chin and cheek whiskers", "darker dorsal coat" and "round penile" appearance have a striking resemblance to those of the M. munzala population of Tawang. Thus, the external morphological traits that are being used to distinguish these macaque species are highly variable even within the same species, and there is an urgent need to identify more precise species-specific morphological traits.
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Pellitteri-Rosa D, Gazzola A, Todisco S, Mastropasqua F, Liuzzi C. Lizard colour plasticity tracks background seasonal changes. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio052415. [PMID: 32414767 PMCID: PMC7286296 DOI: 10.1242/bio.052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity on a spatial and temporal scale fosters an organism's capacity to plastically alter coloration. Predation risk might favour the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in colour patterns, as individuals who change colour throughout the year may be able to improve their fitness. Here we explored the change in dorsal pigmentation of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus campestris) at three time points (March, July, October) during a period of activity in a Mediterranean natural area in southern Italy. Following a preliminary investigation conducted in 2018, during 2019 we captured 135 lizards and took a picture of their ventral scales to check for possible recapture over the sessions. Lizard dorsal pictures were collected in the field with the support of a reference chart to quantitatively estimate chromatic variables (hue, saturation and value). At the same time, pictures of the environmental background were collected. Our findings suggest that lizards are capable of altering dorsal coloration during seasonal change. They vary from green at the onset of spring, to brownish in the middle of summer and to a greyish colour in October. This modification closely followed environmental background colour variation and enhanced lizard crypsis during each season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa
- Laboratorio di Zoologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Laboratorio di Zoologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Todisco
- Societas Herpetologica Italica, Sezione Puglia, Bitritto, BA 70020, Italy
| | - Fabio Mastropasqua
- Societas Herpetologica Italica, Sezione Puglia, Bitritto, BA 70020, Italy
| | - Cristiano Liuzzi
- Societas Herpetologica Italica, Sezione Puglia, Bitritto, BA 70020, Italy
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Ponce de León JL, León G, Rodríguez R, Metcalfe CJ, Hernández D, Casane D, García-Machado E. Phylogeography of Cuban Rivulus: evidence for allopatric speciation and secondary dispersal across a marine barrier. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 79:404-14. [PMID: 25050928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rivulus is currently comprised of two species, R. cylindraceus and R. insulaepinorum, which are endemic to Cuba. However, the taxonomic status of the latter species remains dubious because of the poor quality of the original description. In addition, a recent barcoding survey suggests that the two species may be conspecific. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the two species represent a single evolutionary clade. To delimit the species and their evolutionary history, we used a combination of molecular phylogenetic analyses, with both mitochondrial and nuclear sequences, tests of phylogeographic hypotheses, combined with morphological measurements and information on known dispersal barriers and species distribution. None of the data sets support R. insulaepinorum and R. cylindraceus as separate taxa. However, a new species, restricted to the northwestern part of the main island, was identified by phylogenetic analyses, body colour pattern and geographical distribution. The evolutionary distance between the two lineages (cytb, d=15%; CAM-4, d=2.5%) indicates a long period of divergence. Phylogeographic analyses shed light on the dispersal history of R. cylindraceus, which probably originated on the Isla de la Juventud. They also suggest that each lineage had contrasting histories; Rivulus sp. is restricted to a relatively small geographic area whereas R. cylindraceus has dispersed considerably and more than once from its centre of origin, probably facilitated by sea level fluctuations. These results strengthen previous findings, i.e. that the diversity of Cuban freshwater fishes is far from well-known and deserves more in-depth studies, and that vicariance and dispersal events have resulted in a complex biogeographical landscape which has had a significant impact on the freshwater fishes of the Caribbean islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ponce de León
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, No. 455 entre J e I, Vedado, Ciudad Habana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Gunnary León
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, No. 455 entre J e I, Vedado, Ciudad Habana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Rodet Rodríguez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25, No. 455 entre J e I, Vedado, Ciudad Habana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Cushla J Metcalfe
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090 SP, Brazil.
| | - Damir Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16, No. 114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Miramar, Playa, La Habana 11300, Cuba.
| | - Didier Casane
- Laboratoire Evolution Génomes et Spéciation, UPR9034 CNRS, 1 avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75205 Paris, France.
| | - Erik García-Machado
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16, No. 114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Miramar, Playa, La Habana 11300, Cuba.
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