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Ruan Y, Wang Y, Guo J, Man T, Hao X, Zhou X, Wang C, Deng H, Li J, Zou Z, He Y. Maternal exposure to ambient ozone and fetal conotruncal heart defects in China: A multicenter cohort study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 276:116328. [PMID: 38636262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between maternal genetic and environmental exposure and conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of ozone (O3) on the risk of CTDs. OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between maternal exposure to O3 and CTDs in China. METHODS Pregnant women who underwent fetal echocardiography at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021 were enrolled. Their sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle information, along with fetal data, were systematically collected. Fetal echocardiography was used to detect CTDs. Maternal exposure to ambient O3 during the embryonic period, the first trimester, the three months preceding the last menstrual period, and the perinatal period was estimated using residential addresses or hospital addresses associated with prenatal visits. The concentration of O3 was divided by quartiles, with the first quartile serving as a reference. Adjusted logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between every 10 μg/m3 increase or quartile increase in ambient O3 exposure and CTDs. RESULTS Among 24,278 subjects, 1069 exhibited fetuses with CTDs. Maternal exposure to ambient O3 during three pregnancy periods was associated with increased CTD risk. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.271 (1.189-1.360) per 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 during the perinatal period. For each quartile of O3, the risk increased with increasing exposure concentration, particularly during the perinatal period (OR = 2.206 for quartile 2, 2.367 for quartile 3, and 3.378 for quartile 4, all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated maternal exposure to O3 during pregnancy, particularly in the perinatal period, is linked to an increased risk of fetal CTDs. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ruan
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tingting Man
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hanyu Deng
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yihua He
- Department of Echocardiography, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Consultation Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wei W, Li B, Li F, Sun K, Jiang X, Xu R. Variants in FOXC1 and FOXC2 identified in patients with conotruncal heart defects. Genomics 2024; 116:110840. [PMID: 38580085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTD), subtypes of congenital heart disease, result from abnormal cardiac outflow tract development (OFT). FOXC1 and FOXC2 are closely related members of the forkhead transcription factor family and play essential roles in the development of OFT. We confirmed their expression pattern in mouse and human embryos, identifying four variants in FOXC1 and three in FOXC2 by screening these two genes in 605 patients with sporadic CTD. Western blot demonstrated expression levels, while Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed affected transcriptional abilities for TBX1 enhancer in two FOXC1 variants and three FOXC2 variants. This might result from the altered DNA-binding abilities of mutant proteins. These results indicate that functionally impaired FOXC1 and FOXC2 variants may contribute to the occurrence of CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bojian Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai Children's Medical Center, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechao Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Fayez AG, Esmaiel NN, Ashaat EA, Refeat MM, Lotfy RS, Raouf HA, El Ruby MO. New drug-like small molecule antagonizes phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) in patients with conotruncal heart defects. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1244-1253. [PMID: 37250809 PMCID: PMC10213100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are highly heritable, and approximately one-third of all congenital heart defects are due to CTDs. Through post-analysis of GWAS data relevant to CTDs, a new putative signal transduction pathway, called Vars2-Pic3ca-Akt, associated with CTD has been hypothesized. Here, we aimed to validate the Vars2-Pic3ca-Akt pathway experimentally by measuring Vars2 and PIP3 in patients with CTDs and controls, and to construct a PIP3 inhibitor, as one of harmful-relevant CTD pathogenesis, through an Akt-based drug design strategy. Methods rs2517582 genotype and relative Vars2 expression in 207 individuals were determined by DNA sequencing and qPCR respectively, and free plasma PIP3 in 190 individuals was quantified through ELISA. An Akt-pharmacophore feature model was used to discover PIP3 antagonists with multiple computational and drug-like estimation tools. Results CTD pathogenesis due to Vars2-Pic3ca-Akt overstimulation was confirmed by elevated Vars2 and PIP3 in patients with CTDs. We identified a new small molecule, 322PESB, that antagonizes PIP3 binding. This molecule was prioritized via virtual screening of 21 hypothetical small molecules and it showed minimal RMSD change, high binding affinity andlower dissociation constant than PIP3-Akt complex by 1.99 Kcal/Mol, thus resulting in an equilibrium shift toward 322PESB-Akt complex formation. Moreover, 322PESB exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetics and drug likeness features according to ADME and Lipinski's rule of five classifiers. This compound is the first potential drug-like molecule reported for patients with CTDs with elevated PIP3. Conclusion PIP3 is a useful diagnostic biomarker for patients with CTDs. The Akt-pharmacophore feature model is a feasible approach for discovery of PIP3 signalling antagonists. Further 322PESB development and testing are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin G. Fayez
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nora N. Esmaiel
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Engy A. Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Miral M. Refeat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Randa S. Lotfy
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haiam Abdel Raouf
- Immunogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona O. El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Ye J, Niu Y, Peng Y, Huang J, Wang H, Fu Q, Li F, Xu R, Chen S, Xu Y, Sun K. Analysis of pathogenic variants in 605 Chinese children with non-syndromic cardiac conotruncal defects based on targeted sequencing. Genomics 2023; 115:110676. [PMID: 37406974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deleterious genetic variants comprise one cause of cardiac conotruncal defects (CTDs). Genes associated with CTDs are gradually being identified. In the present study, we aimed to explore the profile of genetic variants of CTD-associated genes in Chinese patients with non-syndromic CTDs. METHODS Thirty-nine CTD-related genes were selected after reviewing published articles in NCBI, HGMD, OMIM, and HPO. In total, 605 patients with non-syndromic CTDs and 300 healthy controls, all of Han ethnicity, were recruited. High-throughput targeted sequencing was used to detect genetic variants in the protein-coding regions of genes. We performed rigorous variant-level filtrations to identify potentially damaging variants (Dvars) using prediction programs including CADD, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster. RESULT Dvars were detected in 66.7% (26/39) of the targeted CTD-associated genes. In total, 11.07% (67/605) of patients with non-syndromic CTDs were found to carry one or more Dvars in targeted CTD-associated genes. Dvars in FOXH1, TBX2, NFATC1, FOXC2, and FOXC1 were common in the CTD cohort (1.5% [9/605], 1.2% [7/605], 1.2% [7/605], 1% [6/605], and 0.5% [3/605], respectively). CONCLUSION Targeted exon sequencing is a cost-effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of CTDs. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the genetic architecture of non-syndromic CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJun Ye
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Niu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongxuan Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Amodeo S, Vitrano G, Guardino M, Paci G, Corselli F, Antona V, Barrano G, Magliozzi M, Novelli A, Venezia R, Corsello G. What is the impact of a novel MED12 variant on syndromic conotruncal heart defects? Analysis of case report on two male sibs. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:98. [PMID: 32682435 PMCID: PMC7368728 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syndromic congenital heart disease accounts for 30% of cases and can be determined by genetic, environmental or multifactorial causes. In many cases the etiology remains uncertain. Many known genes are responsible for specific morphopathogenetic mechanisms during the development of the heart whose alteration can determine specific phenotypes of cardiac malformations. Case presentation We report on two cases of association of conotruncal heart defect with facial dysmorphisms in sibs. In both cases the malformations’ identification occurred by ultrasound in the prenatal period. It was followed by prenatal invasive diagnosis. The genetic analysis revealed no rearrangements in Array-CGH test, while gene panel sequencing identified a new hemizygous variant of uncertain significance (c.887G > A; p.Arg296Gln) in the MED12 gene, located on the X chromosome and inherited from the healthy mother. Conclusion No other reports about the involvement of MED12 gene in syndromic conotruncal heart defects are actually available from the literature and the international genomic databases. This novel variant is a likely pathogenic variant of uncertain significance and it could broaden the spectrum of genes involved in the development of congenital heart diseases and the phenotypic range of MED12-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amodeo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vitrano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Guardino
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Corselli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barrano
- San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, UOSD Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Venezia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Via Alfonso Giordano 3, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, University Hospital Policlinico P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
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Mengmeng X, Yuejuan X, Sun C, Yanan L, Fen L, Kun S. Novel mutations of the SRF gene in Chinese sporadic conotruncal heart defect patients. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:95. [PMID: 32380971 PMCID: PMC7203814 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are a group of congenital heart malformations that cause anomalies of cardiac outflow tracts. In the past few decades, many genes related to CTDs have been reported. Serum response factor (SRF) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that acts as transcription factor, and SRF was found to be a critical factor in heart development and to be strongly expressed in the myocardium of the developing mouse and chicken hearts. The targeted inactivation of SRF during heart development leads to embryonic lethality and myocardial defects in mice. METHODS To illustrate the relationship between SRF and human heart defects, we screened SRF mutations in 527 CTD patients, a cross sectional study. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocyte cells for target sequencing. The mutations of SRF were detected and validated by Sanger sequencing. The affection of the mutations on wild-type protein was analyzed by in silico softwares. Western blot and real time PCR were used to analyze the changes of the expression of the mutant mRNA and protein. In addition, we carried out dual luciferase reporter assay to explore the transcriptional activity of the mutant SRF. RESULTS Among the target sequencing results of 527 patients, two novel mutations (Mut1: c.821A > G p.G274D, the adenine(A) was mutated to guanine(G) at position 821 of the SRF gene coding sequences (CDS), lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Asparticacid(D) at position 274 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences; Mut2: c.880G > T p.G294C, the guanine(G) was mutated to thymine (T) at position 880 of the SRF CDS, lead to the Glycine(G) mutated to Cysteine (C) at position 294 of the SRF protein amino acid sequences.) of SRF (NM_003131.4) were identified. Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that there were no obvious differences between the protein expression and mRNA transcription of mutants and wild-type SRF. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that both SRF mutants (G274D and G294C) impaired SRF transcriptional activity at the SRF promoter and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter (p < 0.05), additionally, the mutants displayed reduced synergism with GATA4. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SRF-p.G274D and SRF-p.G294C may have potential pathogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mengmeng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xu Yuejuan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu Yanan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Fen
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1678, Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sun Kun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Gul KA, Strand J, Pettersen RD, Brun H, Abrahamsen TG. T-cell Receptor Excision Circles in Newborns with Heart Defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:809-15. [PMID: 32166410 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the fetus, the cardiac neural crest gives rise to both the thymus and the conotruncus of the heart. In newborn screening for severe T-cell lymphopenia neonates with congenital heart defects may be detected. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of T-cell lymphopenia in neonates with or without 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (del) suffering from heart defects. This retrospective cohort study included 125 patients with heart defects. T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), a measure for T-cell lymphopenia, were quantified by RT-PCR using stored newborn screening blood spots. Three patient groups were compared: non-conotruncal defects (n = 57), conotruncal defects (n = 42), and 22q11.2 del with conotruncal defects (n = 26). Significantly lower TREC values were detected in patients with 22q11.2 del and conotruncal heart defects compared to those with non-syndromic conotruncal (p < 0.001) and non-conotruncal (p < 0.001) defects. In contrast, no significant difference was found between patients with non-syndromic conotruncal and non-conotruncal heart defects (p = 0.152). Low TREC levels were obtained in neonates treated with heart surgery/intervention within 2 weeks after birth and in those with a fatal outcome (p = 0.02) independent of patient group. A correlation was found between low TREC numbers and oxygen saturation, SpO2 below 95% (p = 0.017). The SpO2 was significantly lower in the non-syndromic conotruncal group compared to non-conotruncal (p < 0.001) and 22q11.2 del group (p = 0.015). No correlation was found between low neonatal TRECs and infections needing hospitalization later in life (p = 0.135). Patients with 22q11.2 del and conotruncal defects have significantly lower TREC levels compared to patients with heart defects without this syndrome.
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Xie H, Zhang E, Hong N, Fu Q, Li F, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. Identification of TBX2 and TBX3 variants in patients with conotruncal heart defects by target sequencing. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 30223900 PMCID: PMC6142335 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are heterogeneous congenital heart malformations that result from outflow tract dysplasia; however, the genetic determinants underlying CTDs remain unclear. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysfunctional TBX2 and TBX3 result in outflow tract malformations, implying that both of them are involved in CTD pathogenesis. We screened for TBX2 and TBX3 variants in a large cohort of CTD patients (n = 588) and population-matched healthy controls (n = 300) by target sequencing and genetically analyzed the expression and function of these variants. Results The probably damaging variants p.R608W, p.T249I, and p.R616Q of TBX2 and p.A192T, p.M65L, and p.A562V of TBX3 were identified in CTD patients, but none in controls. All altered amino acids were highly conserved evolutionarily. Moreover, our data suggested that mRNA and protein expressions of TBX2 and TBX3 variants were altered compared with those of the wild-type. We screened PEA3 and MEF2C as novel downstream genes of TBX2 and TBX3, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that TBX2R608W and TBX2R616Q variant proteins further activated HAS2 promoter but failed to activate PEA3 promoter and that TBX3A192T and TBX3A562V variant proteins showed a reduced transcriptional activity over MEF2C promoter. Conclusions Our results indicate that the R608W and R616Q variants of TBX2 as well as the A192T and A562V variants of TBX3 contribute to CTD etiology; this was the first association of variants of TBX2 and TBX3 to CTDs based on a large population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0176-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li B, Xu L, Hong N, Chen S, Xu R. In Silico Analyses Reveal the Relationship Between SIX1/EYA1 Mutations and Conotruncal Heart Defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:176-82. [PMID: 29043394 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) represent a group of severe and complicated congenital cardiovascular malformations and require opportune clinical interventions once diagnosed. Occurrence of CTD is related to the functional abnormality of the second heart field (SHF), and variants of genes which regulate the development of the second heart field have been recognized as the main genetic factors leading to CTDs. Previous studies indicated that transcriptional complex SIX1/EYA1 may contribute to SHF development, and SIX1/EYA1 knockout mice exhibited a series of conotruncal malformations. Here, we recruited and sequenced 600 Chinese conotruncal heart defect patients and 300 controls. We screened out one novel SIX1 mutation (SIX1-K134R) and four EYA1 rare mutations (EYA1-A227T, EYA1-R296H, EYA1-Q397R, EYA1-G426S), all variants were present only in the case cohort, and the mutated sites were highly conserved. We then analyzed mutations by software including Sift, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, Mutation Taster, HOPE, and SWISS-PdbViewer. The results showed that the mutations had varying degrees of pathogenic risk, protein properties, spatial conformations, and domain functions which might be altered or influenced. Through biological and in silico analyses, our study suggests an association between SIX1/EYA1 mutations and cardiovascular malformations, SIX1/EYA1 mutations might be partially responsible for CTDs.
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Pu T, Liu Y, Xu R, Li F, Chen S, Sun K. Identification of ZFPM2 mutations in sporadic conotruncal heart defect patients. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:217-23. [PMID: 29018978 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are a group of cardiac malformations that involve outflow tract anomalies and the arterial pole of the heart. Recent reports have identified mutations in a number of genes associated with CTDs in human and animal models. ZFPM2 plays a role in cardiac development by acting as a transcriptional cofactor that interacts with GATA4. Because ZFPM2 was found to be important for cardiac development in a knockout mouse model, we screened for ZFPM2 mutations in 528 CTD patients. We identified six rare and nonsynonymous ZFPM2 variants, and this was the first time that five of these variants (R698Q, R736L, E1005K, T32A, and I488V) were reported in East Asians. Western blots showed that there was no significant difference in the protein expression of wild-type ZFPM2, ZFPM2R698Q, or ZFPM2R736L. A dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that both ZFPM2 mutants R698Q and R736L reduced GATA4-mediated transcription. However, when ZFPM2R698Q was co-transfected with GATA4, BNP promoter activity increased significantly, whereas co-transfection with ZFPM2R736L and GATA4 did not significantly increase BNP promoter activity. This suggests that the R698Q mutation may affect the ability of ZFPM2 to bind GATA4.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between two haplotype-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs6658835 and rs10495098) of TGF-β2 and conotruncal heart defects (CTDs). METHODS Two polymorphisms of TGF-β2 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) from 259 CTDs patients and 310 control subjects. RESULTS The association between SNP rs6658835 in TGF-β2 and CTDs has been found. The frequency of G allele in CTDs patients was significantly higher than that in control subjects (52.7% versus 40.3%, p < 0.001, OR =1.649). CONCLUSION TGF-β2 gene polymorphisms may serve as a novel genetic marker for the risk of CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China.,b Department of Cardiology , Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- c Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,d Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , The Seventh People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , China
| | - Jun Xie
- e Department of Cardiology , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yajiao Li
- e Department of Cardiology , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shaoqing Shi
- f Department of Immunology , West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hong Qian
- c Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhiguo Yan
- g Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Center , Beijing An-Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Li Rao
- e Department of Cardiology , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Werner P, Latney B, Deardorff MA, Goldmuntz E. MESP1 Mutations in Patients with Congenital Heart Defects. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:308-14. [PMID: 26694203 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the genetic etiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) has been challenging despite being one of the most common congenital malformations in humans. We previously identified a microdeletion in a patient with a ventricular septal defect containing over 40 genes including MESP1 (mesoderm posterior basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1). Because of the importance of MESP1 as an early regulator of cardiac development in both in vivo and in vitro studies, we tested for MESP1 mutations in 647 patients with congenital conotruncal and related heart defects. We identified six rare, nonsynonymous variants not seen in ethnically matched controls and one likely race-specific nonsynonymous variant. Functional analyses revealed that three of these variants altered activation of transcription by MESP1. Two of the deleterious variants are located within the conserved HLH domain and thus impair the protein-protein interaction of MESP1 and E47. The third deleterious variant was a loss-of-function frameshift mutation. Our results suggest that pathologic variants in MESP1 may contribute to the development of CHD and that additional protein partners and downstream targets could likewise contribute to the wide range of causes for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Werner
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Brande Latney
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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