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Chen S, Tian CB, Bai LY, He XC, Lu QY, Zhao YL, Luo XD. Thrombosis inhibited by Corydalis decumbens through regulating PI3K-Akt pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 329:118177. [PMID: 38604510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. was used as stasis-eliminating medicine traditionally to treat cardiovascular disease potentially attributed to its antithrombotic effect, but lack of pharmacological research on it. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antithrombotic effect of C. decumbens and its preliminary mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A carrageenan-induced mouse thrombus model and adenosine diphosphate stimulated platelet aggregation of rabbits were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of C. decumbens extract and compounds on thrombosis in vivo. Then, H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury model was further adopted to verify the effects of bioactive compounds in vitro. Moreover, in silico network pharmacology analyses and molecular docking were performed to predict the underlying mechanisms, targets, and pathways, and which were further confirmed through western blotting assay. RESULTS The administration of total extract (TE), total alkaloids (TA) and tetrahydropalmatine (TET) resulted in a significant reduction in black tail thrombus and congestion, along with a decreasing in platelet aggregation of rabbits. A superior antithrombotic effect indicated the bioactive fraction, and then the isolated bioactive compounds, TET and protopine (PRO) increased cell survival, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in H2O2-induced HUVECs injury model. Moreover, the two alkaloids targeted 33 major proteins and influenced 153 pathways in network pharmacology prediction. Among these, HSP90AA1, COX-2, NF-κB/p65, MMP1 and HIF-1α were the key proteins and PI3K-Akt emerged as the major signaling pathway. Further western blotting results supported that five key proteins were downregulated by the two bioactive compounds in H2O2-stimulated HUVECs model. CONCLUSION C. decumbens exerted protective effect on thrombosis through inhibiting PI3K-Akt pathway and related key proteins, which supported the traditional use and presented potential antithrombotic alkaloids for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Cai-Bo Tian
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Li-Yu Bai
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xing-Chao He
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Qing-Yu Lu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Li S, Luo RC, Liang ZZ, Zhang BD, Wei YL, Wen HY, Dong J, Li XY, Guo LL, Hao XJ, Li N, Zhang Y. Corydecusines A-H, new phthalideisoquinoline hemicetal alkaloids from the bulbs of Corydalis decumbens inhibit Tau pathology by activating autophagy mediated by AMPK-ULK1 pathway. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107166. [PMID: 38308998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Twelve phthalideisoquinoline hemiacetal alkaloids including eight new ones (1-8) and one natural alkaloid characterized by an aziridine moiety with unassigned NMR data (9), were isolated and identified from the bulbs of Corydalis decumbens. Their structures were established by comprehensive analyses of HRESIMS, NMR, X-ray crystallography, and ECD analyses. The unambiguously established structures of the phthalideisoquinoline hemiacetal alkaloids indicated that the absolute configurations of C-1, C-9, and C-7' were confusable only relied on coupling constants. A summary of their ECD spectra was concluded and provided an insight for C-1, C-9, and C-7' absolute configuration assignment. These new compounds were evaluated to induce autophagy flux through flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, compounds 2 and 6 could significantly induce autophagy and inhibit Tau pathology by AMPK-ULK1 pathway activation, which provided an avenue for anti-AD lead compounds discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong-Can Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, and Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo-Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yin-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Xie XX, Chen ZJ, Zhu QG, Yu Q, Lian TY, Xu XL, Chen Y, Song WH. Large-scale separation of alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens by pH-zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography and their anticomplement activity. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300577. [PMID: 38109069 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography in the pH-zone-refining mode was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids from the crude extract of Corydalis decumbens. The experiment was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:3:7, v/v/v/v) where triethylamine (10 mM) was added to the stationary phase and hydrochloric acid (10 mM) to the mobile phase. From 1.6 g of the crude extract, 43 mg protopine, 189 mg (+)-egenine, and 158 mg tetrahydropalmatine were obtained with a purity of 98.2%, 94.6%, and 96.7%, respectively. Tetrahydropalmatine showed an interesting anticomplement effect with CH50 0.11 and AP50 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. In a mechanistic study, tetrahydropalmatine interacted with C1, C3, C4, and C5 components in the complement activation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yan Lian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Lu JG, Wang Y, Yang MR, Wang CY, Meng J, Liu J, Yang Z, Wu K, Bai LP, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH. Structures, biomimetic synthesis, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of two pairs of enantiomeric phenylpropanoid-conjugated protoberberine alkaloids from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens. Arch Pharm Res 2022. [PMID: 36121609 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Decumicorine A (1) and (±)-epi-decumicorine A (2), two pairs of enantiomeric isoquinoline alkaloids featuring a novel phenylpropanoid-conjugated protoberberine skeleton, were isolated and purified from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens. The separation of (±)-1 and (±)-2 was achieved by chiral HPLC to produce four optically pure enantiomers. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds (−)-1, (+)-1, (−)-2, and (+)-2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The two racemates were generated from a Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition between jatrorrhizine and ferulic acid in the proposed biosynthetic pathways, which were fully verified by a biomimetic synthesis. Moreover, compound (+)-1 exhibited an antiviral entry effect on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus by blocking spike binding to the ACE2 receptor on HEK-293T-ACE2h host cells.
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Yin X, Jia H, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Tu P. (+)- and (-)-Corydecumbenines A and B, two pairs of novel quaternary protoberberine alkaloid cycloadduct enantiomers with anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104251. [PMID: 32920361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two novel Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloadducts of quaternary protoberberine alkaloids and fumaric acid monoanion, corydecumbenines A and B (1 and 2), and six known isoquinoline analogues (3-8) were isolated from the rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens. The planar structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Chiral chromatography of 1 and 2 afforded two pairs of enantiomers (+)-corydecumbenine A (1a), (-)-corydecumbenine A (1b), (+)-corydecumbenine B (2a), and (-)-corydecumbenine B (2b), respectively, and their absolute configurations were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1b and 2b exhibited significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 11.6 and 16.2 μM, respectively, comparable to the positive control indomethacin (IC50 = 10.3 μM), and they could also decrease the level of interleukin (IL)-1β in BV-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the isolates showed neuroprotective effects against the injury of OGD/R-induced PC12 cells at 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chan QY, Jiang L, Cheng ME, Chu SS, Yu DQ, Xie J, Zha LP, Peng HS. [Identification of Corydalis yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii,C. decumbens by allele-specific PCR]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:3261-3267. [PMID: 31602881 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190527.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To establish a DNA molecular markers method for identification of Corydalis yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii and C. decumbens,the mat K,trn G and psb A-trn H sequences of 56 samples from 14 species of C. yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii,C. decumbens and their related species were obtained by sequencing. The SNP loci were obtained by Bio Edit 7. 2. 2 software. The primers for AS-PCR identification were designed based on the mutation sites,and the conditions of PCR were optimized to identify C. yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii,and C. decumbens according to the specific bands. The results showed that the amount of template( 0. 6-1 200 ng)and annealing temperature( 42-60 ℃) had little influence on the amplification results,and the number of cycles had much influence on the amplification results. When the number of cycles was 20,the specific bands of 297 bp( mat K),353 bp( trn G) and 544 bp( mat K) were amplified from C. yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii and C. decumbens,respectively. The method established in this study had a minimum detection limit of 6 ng for C. yanhusuo,60 ng for C. decumbens and less than 0. 6 ng for C. turtschaninovii. Thus,the allelespecific PCR method established in the research can specifically identify C. yanhusuo,C. turtschaninovii,and C. decumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Chan
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Lu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Ming-En Cheng
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Shan-Shan Chu
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Da-Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Jin Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032,China
| | - Liang-Ping Zha
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
| | - Hua-Sheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012,China
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Jiang L, Li M, Zhao F, Chu S, Zha L, Xu T, Peng H, Zhang W. Molecular Identification and Taxonomic Implication of Herbal Species in Genus Corydalis (Papaveraceae). Molecules 2018; 23:E1393. [PMID: 29890665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) have been used as medicinal plants in East Asia, and the most well-known species are Corydalis yanhusuo and C. decumbens in the Pharmacopoeia of China. However, authentication of these species remains problematic because of their high morphological variation. Here, we selected 14 closely related species and five genomic regions (chloroplast: matK, trnG, rbcL, psbA-trnH; nuclear: ITS) to explore the utility of DNA barcoding for authenticating these herbs. In addition, the Poisson tree process (PTP) and automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) were also used and compared with DNA barcoding. Our results showed that the ITS region was not suitable for molecular analysis because of its heterogeneous nature in Corydalis. In contrast, matK was an ideal region for species identification because all species could be resolved when matK was used along with the other three chloroplast regions. We found that at least five traditional identified species were lumped into one genetic species by ABGD and PTP methods; thus, highlighting the overestimation of species diversity using the morphological approach. In conclusion, our first attempt of molecular analysis of Corydalis herbs presented here successfully resolved the identification of medicinal species and encouraged their taxonomic re-assessment.
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Huang Q, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhou B, Zhang C, Gerwick WH, Cao Z. Alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens suppress neuronal excitability in primary cultures of mouse neocortical neurons. Phytochemistry 2018; 150:85-92. [PMID: 29571149 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed alkaloids, named corydemine, dihydrocorydemine, corydedine, 8,13-dioxo-14-hydroxytetrahydropalmatine, egenine-α-N-oxide, egenine-β-N-oxide, 7'-O-ethylegenine-α-N-oxide, and 7'-O-ethylegenine-β-N-oxide, together with three known ones, muramine, l-tetrahydropalmatine, and (+)-egenine, were isolated from the bulbs of Corydalis decumbens. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical correlation. The isolated compounds were tested for their ability to modulate neuronal excitability in primary cultured neocortical neurons. Four of the compounds, corydemine, dihydrocorydemine, muramine, and l-tetrahydropalmatine, inhibited neuronal excitability with IC50 values of 3.6, 16.7, 13.5 and 14.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Wanjin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Baoping Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Triditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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