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Giovanella P, Taketani RG, Gil-Solsona R, Saldanha LL, Naranjo SBE, Sancho JV, Portolés T, Andreote FD, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Sette LD. A comprehensive study on diesel oil bioremediation under microcosm conditions using a combined microbiological, enzymatic, mass spectrometry, and metabarcoding approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:101250-101266. [PMID: 37648922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at the application of a marine fungal consortium (Aspergillus sclerotiorum CRM 348 and Cryptococcus laurentii CRM 707) for the bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil under microcosm conditions. The impact of biostimulation (BS) and/or bioaugmentation (BA) treatments on diesel-oil biodegradation, soil quality, and the structure of the microbial community were studied. The use of the fungal consortium together with nutrients (BA/BS) resulted in a TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) degradation 42% higher than that obtained by natural attenuation (NA) within 120 days. For the same period, a 72 to 92% removal of short-chain alkanes (C12 to C19) was obtained by BA/BS, while only 3 to 65% removal was achieved by NA. BA/BS also showed high degradation efficiency of long-chain alkanes (C20 to C24) at 120 days, reaching 90 and 92% of degradation of icosane and heneicosane, respectively. In contrast, an increase in the levels of cyclosiloxanes (characterized as bacterial bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants) was observed in the soil treated by the consortium. Conversely, the NA presented a maximum of 37% of degradation of these alkane fractions. The 5-ringed PAH benzo(a)pyrene, was removed significantly better with the BA/BS treatment than with the NA (48 vs. 38 % of biodegradation, respectively). Metabarcoding analysis revealed that BA/BS caused a decrease in the soil microbial diversity with a concomitant increase in the abundance of specific microbial groups, including hydrocarbon-degrading (bacteria and fungi) and also an enhancement in soil microbial activity. Our results highlight the great potential of this consortium for soil treatment after diesel spills, as well as the relevance of the massive sequencing, enzymatic, microbiological and GC-HRMS analyses for a better understanding of diesel bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giovanella
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gouvêa Taketani
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Samantha Beatríz Esparza Naranjo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana, Parque tecnológico Itaipu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Tania Portolés
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Tang Q, Zheng X, Chen W, Ye X, Tu P. Metabolomics reveals key resistant responses in tomato fruit induced by Cryptococcus laurentii. Food Chem (Oxf) 2022; 4:100066. [PMID: 35415684 PMCID: PMC8991715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus laurentii induces resistance through in concert with key metabolic changes in tomato fruit. A total of 59 metabolites were differently abundant in C. laurentii-treated tomato fruit. Key metabolites chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway may play a key role in resistance induction by C. Laurentii in tomato.
To investigate the mechanisms underlying inducible resistance in postharvest tomato fruit, non-targeted metabolome analysis was performed to uncover metabolic changes in tomato fruit upon Cryptococcus laurentii treatment. 289 and 149 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. A total of 59 metabolites, mainly including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids, were differently abundant in C. laurentii-treated tomato fruit. Moreover, key metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, especially chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were identified through KEGG enrichment analysis. Enhanced levels of phenolic acids indicated activation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, which is a classic metabolic pathway associated with inducible resistance, suggesting that its activation and consequent metabolic changes contributed to inducible resistence induced by C. laurentii. Our findings would provide new understanding of resistance induction mechanism in tomato fruit from the metabolic perspective, and offer novel insights for new approaches reducing postharvest loss on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Hamidi M, Jafari H, Siminska-Stanny J, Okoro OV, Fatimi A, Shavandi A. Anionic exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus laurentii 70766 as an alternative for alginate for biomedical hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:370-80. [PMID: 35613678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alginates are widely used polysaccharides for biomaterials engineering, which functional properties depend on guluronic and mannuronic acid as the building blocks. In this study, enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels based on sodium alginate (Na-Alg) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) derived from Cryptococcus laurentii 70766 with glucuronic acid residues were synthesized and characterized as a new potential source of polysaccharide for biomaterials engineering. The EPS was extracted (1.05 ± 0.57 g/L) through ethanol precipitation. Then the EPS and Na-Alg were functionalized with tyramine hydrochloride to produce enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2. Major characteristics of the hydrogels such as gelling time, swelling ratio, rheology, cell viability, and biodegradability were studied. The swelling ratio and degradation profile of both hydrogels showed negative values, indicating an increased crosslinking degree and a lower water uptake percentage. The EPS hydrogel showed similar gelation kinetics compared to the Alg hydrogel. The EPS and its hydrogel were found cytocompatible. The results indicate the potential of EPS from C. laurentii 70766 for biomedical engineering due to its biocompatibility and degradability. Further studies are needed to confirm this EPS as an alternative for Alg in tissue engineering applications, particularly in the development of wound dressing products.
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Zono B, Moutschen M, Situakibanza H, Sacheli R, Muendele G, Kabututu P, Biakabuswa A, Landu N, Mvumbi G, Hayette MP. Comparison of clinical and biological characteristics of HIV-infected patients presenting Cryptococcus neoformans versus C. curvatus/C. laurentii meningitis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1157. [PMID: 34781895 PMCID: PMC8591831 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcal meningitis is mainly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii complex. We compared the clinical, biological, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of isolates from HIV-Infected Patients (HIVIP) with C. neoformans (Cn) versus C. curvatus/C. laurentii (Cc/Cl) meningitis. Methods Comparative analytical study were conducted. Apart from patients’ clinical data, the following analysis were performed and the results were compared in both groups: biochemical examination, cryptococcal antigen test, India ink staining, and culture on Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), strains identification by mass spectrometry, ITS sequencing, PCR serotyping and antifungal susceptibility. The main outcome variable was the “species of Cryptococcus identified”, which was compared to other variables of the same type using the Pearson Chi-square test or the Fisher exact test. Results A total of 23 (79.3%) Cn meningitis cases versus 6 (20.7%) Cc/Cl meningitis were retained.Cn meningitis was more frequently associated with headache (100% vs 50%, p = 0.005) than Cc/Cl meningitis and meningeal signs were more frequent in Cn infected patients. Biologically, hypoglycorrhachia and low CD4 count were more observed in Cn group (90% vs 20% of patients, p = 0.01; 45.6 vs 129.8 cells/µL, p = 0.02, respectively). A higher proportion of Cn strains (91.3%) showed a low Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (< 8 mg/L) for fluconazole compared to Cc/Cl strains (66.7%). Also, Cc/Cl strains resistant to 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B were found in 16.7% of cases for each of the two antifungal agents. Cryptococcus detection by routine analysis (India ink, culture, and antigens) was better for Cn samples than Cc/Cl. Except ITS sequencing, which identified all strains of both groups, mass spectrometry and serotyping PCR identified Cn strains better than Cc/Cl (100% vs 80%, p = 0.1; 100% vs 0%, p < 0.0001, respectively). After treatment with amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, and fluconazole in both groups, the outcome was similar. Conclusions Clinical presentation of Cn meningitis is certainly more severe than that of Cc/Cl meningitis, but Cc/Cl infection should be considered in the management of HIVIP with meningeal syndrome because of the diagnostic difficulty and the high MICs of antifungal agents required for the treatment of meningitis due to these cryptococcal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bive Zono
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Hippolyte Situakibanza
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine/Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Rosalie Sacheli
- National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospital Center of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gaultier Muendele
- Advanced HIV Infection Management Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Mère et Enfant de NGABA, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Pius Kabututu
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adolphe Biakabuswa
- Advanced HIV Infection Management Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Centre Médical et Evangélique Révérend LUYINDU, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nicole Landu
- Advanced HIV Infection Management Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Centre Médical et Evangélique Révérend LUYINDU, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Georges Mvumbi
- Molecular Biology Service, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospital Center of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Lambrese Y, Sansone G, Sanz MI, Di Masi SN, Raba J, Calvente V. Kosakonia radicincitans and Cryptococcus laurentii controlled Penicillium expansum rot and decreased patulin production at 4 and 25 °C. Food Microbiol 2021; 100:103863. [PMID: 34416963 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we evaluated the effects of a mixture of biocontrol agents against two toxigenic strains of Penicillium expansum isolated in Argentine Patagonia from pome fruits. The two strains, INTA-5 and INTA-10, were previusly selected among ten strains coming from the Alto Valle (Rio Negro-Argentina) for their high production of patulin. For the biocontrol, Kosakonia radicincitans, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodosporidium fluviale were tested in vitro experiments on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dishes against the INTA-5 and INTA-10 strains. The bacterium K. radicincitans and the yeast C. laurentii were selected to be used in a mixture due to their capacity to control the fungus and reduce the mycotoxin severely. In vitro assays with the mixture showed a high antagonism against P. expansum INTA-5 and INTA-10, at 21 d of incubation at 25 °C and a patulin reduction of 98%. The mixture of microorganisms was also effective in apples stored at 25 °C for 10 d and 4 °C for 30 d. At cold storage, the mixture controlled moderately the development of rot and decreased patulin concentration. At 25 °C, the pathogen's optimal growth temperature, the mixture of Biological Control Agent (BCAs) assured both the control of rot and decrease of patulin concentration. The combination of two microorganisms, with different requirements and abilities, resulted in a mix with a strong antagonism against P. expansum with the capability to decrease the patulin concentration. Treatment with the selected mixture could be a good option for controlling strains with different behaviours and in different environmental conditions.
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Deng J, Li W, Ma D, Liu Y, Yang H, Lin J, Song G, Naik N, Guo Z, Wang F. Synergistic effect of carboxymethylcellulose and Cryptococcus laurentii on suppressing green mould of postharvest grapefruit and its mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:253-262. [PMID: 33775762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) combined with Cryptococcus laurentii FRUC DJ1 were studied on controlling green mould resulting from Penicillium digitatum in grapefruit fruit. The results indicate that both C. laurentii and the CMC treatment suppressed P. digitatum conidia germination. In addition, C. laurentii growth in vitro was not affected by low CMC concentrations, nevertheless, the biofilm of C. laurentii was enhanced. Compared with the control fruit, the grapefruit had a lower green mould in all treatments. Significantly synergistic effects were caused by combining C. laurentii and CMC on minimum decay incidence and lesion diameter. Combined treatment induced defence enzyme activities, including chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, together with disease tolerance-associated total phenol. Also, this combination inhibited the pathogen growth by adhered to the hyphae and reduced its infection in fruit wounds. Moreover, the commercial quality parameters in the combined treatment of C. laurentii and CMC, including weight loss, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and titratable acidity, were superior to single treatment. The combination of C. laurentii and CMC can not only control postharvest decay but also maintain fruit qualities. Thus, it can be used in grapefruit for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Deng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Forestry college, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Forestry college, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Diantong Ma
- Forestry college, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nithesh Naik
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Villis PCM, de Macedo AT, Furtado HLA, Fontenelle PHC, Gonçalves IS, Mendes TL, Motta BLA, Marinho PLL, Pinheiro AJMCR, Lima-Neto LG, Monteiro CA, da Silva LCN, Ferreira GF, Holanda RA, Santos JRA. A Study of the Disruptive Effect of the Acetate Fraction of Punica granatum Extract on Cryptococcus Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:568258. [PMID: 33537008 PMCID: PMC7848026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.568258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis, caused by yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus, is an infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the species that commonly cause this disease in humans; however, infections caused by Cryptococcus laurentii, especially in immunocompromised patients, are increasingly being reported. Owing to the increase in the resistance of fungi to antifungals, and a lack of treatment options, it is important to seek new therapeutic alternatives such as natural products. Among these are plant species such as Punica granatum, which is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the acetate fraction of P. granatum leaf extract against environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus. Three environmental isolates of C. laurentii, PMN, PMA, and PJL II, isolated from soils of different municipalities in the state of Maranhão, a clinical isolate, C. gattii, from a patient with neurocryptococcosis, and a standard strain of C. gattii (ATCC 32068) were used. The minimum and fractional inhibitory concentrations (MIC and FIC, respectively) and time-kill curve of the extract and fluconazole were determined to assess the susceptibility profile of the fungal isolates. Larvae of Tenebrio molitor were infected with Cryptococcus strains, and the effects of acetate fraction of P. granatum extract and fluconazole on the survival and fungal burden were determined. The extract activity was tested against pre-formed biofilms. The acetate fraction of P. granatum extract showed promising antifungal activity against all the species of Cryptococcus evaluated in this study, with an MIC value lower than that of fluconazole. The indices obtained in the FIC test indicated that the antimicrobial effect of the combination of the extract and antifungal was indifferent for 80% of the isolates. The P. granatum acetate fraction reduced the pre-formed biofilm of some isolates, showing better activity than fluconazole, which is consistent with results from fluorescence microscopy. This is the first study on the use of P. granatum and its ability to inhibit Cryptococcus biofilms; therefore, further studies and tests are needed to investigate the components and mechanism of action of P. granatum against cryptococcosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C. M. Villis
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid S. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Brenda L. A. Motta
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. L. Marinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Lídio G. Lima-Neto
- Laboratório das Infecções do Trato Respiratório, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Luís C. N. da Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F. Ferreira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Campus Avançado Governador Valadares), Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Holanda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos Patogênicos, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Brazil
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Huang H, Pan J, Yang W, Lin J, Han Y, Lan K, Zeng L, Liang G, Liu J. First case report of Cryptococcus laurentii knee infection in a previously healthy patient. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:681. [PMID: 32943003 PMCID: PMC7500548 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this case report was to report a case of Cryptococcus laurentii infection in the left knee of a previously healthy 29 year old male patient. Case presentation After an initial misdiagnosis and 7 months of failed treatment, the patient received nearly a month of treatment with voriconazole (200 mg IV q12 h) and knee irrigation with amphotericin B until the infection was controlled. The treatment continued with fluconazole for nearly 7 months and approximately 5 weeks of antibiotic treatment for a skin bacterial coinfection. In the end, the patient’s symptoms disappeared completely, the left knee recovered well, and there was no recurrence of infection. Conclusion The key points of successful treatment in this case were the thorough debridement, the adequate course of knee irrigation with antifungal drugs and more than 6 months of oral antifungal drugs that were able to eradicate the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetao Huang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianke Pan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiongtong Lin
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Han
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Liang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Cooper B, Gui X, Sherer R, Cao Q. Clinical diversity of invasive cryptococcosis in AIDS patients from central China: report of two cases with review of literature. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1003. [PMID: 31775716 PMCID: PMC6882200 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the prognosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients globally, opportunistic infections (OIs) are still common in Chinese AIDS patients, especially cryptococcosis. Case presentation We described here two Chinese AIDS patients with cryptococcal infections. Case one was a fifty-year-old male. At admission, he was conscious and oriented, with papulonodular and umbilicated skin lesions, some with ulceration and central necrosis resembling molluscum contagiosum. The overall impression reminded us of talaromycosis: we therefore initiated empirical treatment with amphotericin B, even though the case history of this patient did not support such a diagnosis. On the second day of infusion, the patient complained of intermittent headache, but the brain CT revealed no abnormalities. On the third day, a lumbar puncture was performed. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was turbid, with slightly increased pressure. India ink staining was positive, but the cryptococcus antigen latex agglutination test (CrAgLAT: IMMY, USA) was negative. Two days later, the blood culture showed a growth of Cryptococcus neoformans, and the same result came from the skin culture. We added fluconazole to the patient’s treatment, but unfortunately, he died three days later. Case two was a sixty-four-year-old female patient with mild fever, productive cough, dyspnea upon movement, and swelling in both lower limbs. The patient was empirically put on cotrimoxazole per os and moxifloxacin by infusion. A bronchofibroscopy was conducted with a fungal culture, showing growth of Cryptococcus laurentii colonies. Amphotericin B was started thereafter but discontinued three days later in favor of fluconazole 400 mg/d due to worsening renal function. The patient became afebrile after 72 h of treatment with considerable improvement of other comorbidities and was finally discharged with continuing oral antifungal therapy. Conclusions Our cases illustrate that cryptococcal disease is an important consideration when treating immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. Life threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis caused by C. neoformansmay still common in these populations and can vary greatly in clinical presentations, especially with regard to skin lesions. Pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by C. laurentii is rare, but should also be considered in certain contexts. Guidelines for its earlier diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Brian Cooper
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5065, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xi'en Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Renslow Sherer
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC5065, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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10
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Tang Q, Zhu F, Cao X, Zheng X, Yu T, Lu L. Cryptococcus laurentii controls gray mold of cherry tomato fruit via modulation of ethylene-associated immune responses. Food Chem 2018; 278:240-247. [PMID: 30583368 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the roles of phytohormone ethylene in cherry tomato fruit immune response against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Pretreatment with antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii resulted in a significantly decreased disease incidence of B. cinerea infection, and accompanied by a burst of ethylene production in the whole fruit. Blocking the ethylene perception by adding 1-MCP (5 μL L-1 or greater) remarkably weaken the protection ability of fruit itself and suppressed the C. laurentii-stimulated host immune response. 5 μL L-1 1-MCP prefumigation decreased the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and perception related genes SlACO1, SlACS2, SlERF1, SlPti5 and SlMPK3, and ethylene production in C. laurentii treated fruit. Consequently, the expressions of SlCHI9, SlGlub, SlPAL3, SlPR1 and SlPR5 up-regulated by the yeast were all impaired to different degrees by the 1-MCP prefumigation. These findings demonstrate that ethylene contributes to fruit immunity and C. laurentii-mediated immune responses of cherry tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Laifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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11
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Lin M, Zhang Y, Sun C, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zheng X, Yu T. Characterization and overexpression of RHO1 from Cryptococcus laurentii ZJU10 activates CWI signaling pathway on enhancing the inhibition of blue mold on pears. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 278:1-10. [PMID: 29689332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Results from this study explored the inhibitory effect of RHO1 gene (GenBank accession number KY859864) from the antagonistic yeast, Cryptococcus laurentii ZJU10, on the control of Penicillium expansum in pear fruit and its possible mechanism involved. The RHO1 gene was successfully cloned and overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence analysis showed high similarity with Rho family proteins, implying a primary role of Rho1 in the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. Gene expression of RHO1 and other five CWI-related genes (including Pkc1, Rlm1, Fks1, Fks2 and Chs3) were significant up-regulated in the treatment of SC/Rho1-induced strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with RHO1 and induced by galactose). Meanwhile, SC/Rho1-induced treatment reduced about 61.5% of disease incidence and almost 5-times lower lesion diameter compared to the control. In addition, the growth of transformed strains was slightly lower in contrast to the wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the induction of fruit resistance was significantly enhanced, which was tightly linked with triggering stronger host defensive responses by priming activation. This is the first study that Rho1 has a potential function of suppressing fungal disease in harvested fruit by activating CWI signaling pathway and indicates an alternative strategy for postharvest disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gupta M, Mishra AK, Singh SK. Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a low birth weight preterm neonate: India. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:896-897. [PMID: 29731340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, Cryptococcus laurentii infections have increased, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Here we report the first case of C. laurentii fungemia in low birth weight preterm infant from India. A preterm neonate was admitted for feeding intolerance and respiratory distress. Blood culture ascertained the causative organism as C. laurentii. The isolated strain was found susceptible to amphotericin B and the patient recovered following the administration of amphotericin B (5mg/kg body weight) for 8days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Gupta
- Microbiology, TATA Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Asit K Mishra
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Santosh K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, Odisha, India.
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13
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Nath R, Sargiary P, Borkakoty B, Parida P. Cutaneotrichosporon (Trichosporon) debeurmannianum: A Rare Yeast Isolated from Blood and Urine Samples. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:585-590. [PMID: 29196924 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon (Trichosporon) debeurmannianum is a rarely isolated yeast from clinical samples. Nine isolates of this yeast were identified from clinical samples within a period of 3 years from June 2012 to May 2015. These isolates were from blood and urine samples sent to a clinical mycology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Assam, North East India. Clinically, the patients were diagnosed as septicemia and urinary tract infection. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 50 years. Identification was made by sequencing the ITS region of ribosomal RNA gene. Antifungal susceptibility test by disk diffusion method (CLSI, M44-A) showed all the isolates to be sensitive to fluconazole and voriconazole. Vitek 2 compact commercial yeast identification system misidentified this yeast as Cryptococcus laurentii and low discrimination Cryptococcus laurentii/Trichosporon mucoides. This species was originally named as Trichosporon debeurmannianum. In 2015, this yeast has been included into new genera Cutaneotrichosporon based on an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of this species from blood and urine samples of clinically suspected cases. We are reporting these isolates because of their rarity in clinical samples. The pathogenic potential and epidemiological relevance of this yeast remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, 785001, India.
| | - Pallabi Sargiary
- Department of Microbiology, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, 785001, India
| | | | - Pratap Parida
- Regional Medical Research Centre (NE Region), Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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14
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Kumari P, Mishra R, Arora N, Chatrath A, Gangwar R, Roy P, Prasad R. Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oil Active Components against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus laurentii. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2161. [PMID: 29163441 PMCID: PMC5681911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an emerging and recalcitrant systemic infection occurring in immunocompromised patients. This invasive fungal infection is difficult to treat due to the ability of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus laurentii to form biofilms resistant to standard antifungal treatment. The toxicity concern of these drugs has stimulated the search for natural therapeutic alternatives. Essential oil and their active components (EO-ACs) have shown to possess the variety of biological and pharmacological properties. In the present investigation the effect of six (EO-ACs) sourced from Oregano oil (Carvacrol), Cinnamon oil (Cinnamaldehyde), Lemongrass oil (Citral), Clove oil (Eugenol), Peppermint oil (Menthol) and Thyme oil (thymol) against three infectious forms; planktonic cells, biofilm formation and preformed biofilm of C. neoformans and C. laurentii were evaluated as compared to standard drugs. Data showed that antibiofilm activity of the tested EO-ACs were in the order: thymol>carvacrol>citral>eugenol=cinnamaldehyde>menthol respectively. The three most potent EO-ACs, thymol, carvacrol, and citral showed excellent antibiofilm activity at a much lower concentration against C. laurentii in comparison to C. neoformans indicating the resistant nature of the latter. Effect of the potent EO-ACs on the biofilm morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed the absence of extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM), reduction in cellular density and alteration in the surface morphology of biofilm cells. Further, to realize the efficacy of the EO-ACs in terms of human safety, cytotoxicity assays and co-culture model were evaluated. Thymol and carvacrol as compared to citral were the most efficient in terms of human safety in keratinocyte- Cryptococcus sp. co-culture infection model suggesting that these two can be further exploited as cost-effective and non-toxic anti-cryptococcal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Rutusmita Mishra
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Neha Arora
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Apurva Chatrath
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Rashmi Gangwar
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Molecular Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
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15
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Smith N, Sehring M, Chambers J, Patel P. Perspectives on non- neoformans cryptococcal opportunistic infections. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2017; 7:214-217. [PMID: 29046746 PMCID: PMC5637654 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2017.1350087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-neoformans Cryptococcus species, including C. laurentii and C. albidus, have historically been classified as exclusively saprophytic. However, recent studies have increasingly implicated these organisms as the causative agent of opportunistic infections in humans. Herein, the case is presented of C. laurentii meningitis in a critically ill patient receiving corticosteroids. C. laurentii has been implicated in an additional 18 cases of opportunistic infection, predominantly of the skin, bloodstream, and central nervous system. The most clinically significant risk factors for non-neoformans cryptococcal infections include: impaired cell-mediated immunity, recent corticosteroid use, and invasive catheter placement. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical relevance, pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment of non-neoformans Cryptococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Preeti Patel
- UICOMP Department of Internal Medicine;Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, USA
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16
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Carota E, Crognale S, D'Annibale A, Gallo AM, Stazi SR, Petruccioli M. A sustainable use of Ricotta Cheese Whey for microbial biodiesel production. Sci Total Environ 2017; 584-585:554-560. [PMID: 28169024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand of plant oils for biodiesel production has highlighted the need for alternative strategies based either on non-food crops or agro-industrial wastes that do not compete with food and feed production. In this context, the combined use of wastewater and oleaginous microorganisms could be a valuable production option. Ricotta cheese whey (RCW), one of the major byproducts of the dairy industry, is produced in very high and steadily increasing amounts and, due to its high organic load, its disposal is cost-prohibitive. In the present study, in order to assess the adequacy of RCW as a growth medium for lipid production, 18 strains of oleaginous yeasts were investigated in shaken flask for their growth and lipid-producing capabilities on this substrate. Among them, Cryptococcus curvatus NRRL Y-1511 and Cryptococcus laurentii UCD 68-201 adequately grew therein producing substantial amounts of lipids (6.8 and 5.1gL-1, respectively). A high similarity between the percent fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition of lipids from the former and the latter strain was found with a predominance of oleic acid (52.8 vs. 48.7%) and of total saturated fatty acids (37.9 vs. 40.8%). The subsequent scale transfer of the C. laurentii UCD 68-201 lipid production process on RCW to a 3-L STR led to significantly improved biomass and total lipid productions (14.4 and 9.9gL-1, respectively) with the biodiesel yield amounting to 32.6%. Although the C. laurentii FAME profile was modified upon process transfer, it resembled that of the Jatropha oil, a well established feedstock for biodiesel production. In conclusion, C. laurentii UCD 68-201, for which there is very limited amount of available information, turned out to be a very promising candidate for biodiesel production and wide margins of process improvement might be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carota
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Crognale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Gallo
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Stazi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petruccioli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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17
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Zhang Z, Chen J, Li B, He C, Chen Y, Tian S. Influence of Oxidative Stress on Biocontrol Activity of Cryptococcus laurentii against Blue Mold on Peach Fruit. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:151. [PMID: 28210254 PMCID: PMC5288387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of chemical fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases have recently become more apparent. The utilization of antagonistic microorganisms is a promising alternative to that of fungicides to control postharvest decay. In previous studies, the antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii has shown excellent effects of biocontrol and great potential for practical application. Adverse conditions, such as oxidative stress, limit the practical application of antagonistic yeast. In this study, we investigated the oxidative stress tolerance of C. laurentii and the associated mechanisms. The results indicated that exogenous oxidative stress has a significant effect on the viability and biocontrol efficiency of C. laurentii. H2O2-induced oxidative stress led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The results of flow cytometric analysis suggested that apoptosis is responsible for the reduced survival rate of C. laurentii under oxidative stress. Using tests of antioxidant activity, we found that C. laurentii could employ enzymatic systems to resist exogenous oxidative stress. The addition of exogenous glutathione, a non-enzymatic antioxidant, to the media can significantly enhance oxidative tolerance and biocontrol efficiency of C. laurentii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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18
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Park SS, Lee H, Park WS, Hwang SH, Choi SI, Choi MH, Lee SW, Ko EJ, Choi YJ, Eom HS. A Case of Disseminated Infection with Skin Manifestation due to Non-neoformans and Non-gattii Cryptococcus in a Patient with Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Infect Chemother 2017; 49:142-145. [PMID: 28271644 PMCID: PMC5500271 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus spp. other than Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii were previously considered saprophytes and thought to be non-pathogenic to humans. However, opportunistic infections associated with non-neoformans and non-gattii species, such as Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus, have increased over the past four decades. We experienced a case of cryptococcosis caused by non-neoformans and non-gattii spp. in a 47-year-old female with refractory acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient underwent salvage chemotherapy with fluconazole prophylaxis and subsequently developed neutropenic fever with multiple erythematous umbilicated papules. A skin biopsy revealed fungal hyphae and repetitive blood cultures showed yeast microorganisms that were identified later as C. laurentii by Vitek-II®. Skin lesions and fever began to improve with conventional amphotericin B therapy. The treatment regimen was continued for 21 days until the disseminated cryptococcosis was completely controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Seob Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Il Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mi Hong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Si Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Ju Choi
- Infectious Disease Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Hematologic Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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19
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Neves RP, Lima Neto RGD, Leite MC, Silva VKAD, Santos FDAGD, Macêdo DPC. Cryptococcus laurentii fungaemia in a cervical cancer patient. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:660-3. [PMID: 26361842 PMCID: PMC9425362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by emerging Cryptococcus non-neoformans species are being reported with increasingly frequency. Here, we present a case of fungaemia by Cryptococcus laurentii in a woman receiving aggressive immunosuppressive therapy for cervical neoplasia. Three venous blood samples were aseptically collected on consecutive days and C. laurentii was isolated and identified through phenotypic and molecular methods. After central venous catheter removal and appropriate antifungal therapy, the patient showed significant improvement and blood culture became negative. Thus, patients following immunosuppressive therapies and using invasive medical devices are at risk of C. laurentii blood infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Pereira Neves
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Melyna Chaves Leite
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
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Santos C, Lucas MS, Dias AA, Bezerra RMF, Peres JA, Sampaio A. Winery wastewater treatment by combination of Cryptococcus laurentii and Fenton's reagent. Chemosphere 2014; 117:53-58. [PMID: 24968162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Winery wastewaters (WW) have high levels of organic matter, resulting in high COD and BOD and suspended solids. This paper studies the combination of biological and chemical processes in WW treatment. Among 10 yeast isolates, Filobasidium sp. (AGG 577) and Cryptococcus laurentii (AGG 726) were selected due to their superior performance in COD removal. During WW degradation, COD and total polyphenols (TPP) content removal of 89-90% for Filobasidium sp. and 90-93% for C. laurentii were obtained. However, despite similar degradation efficiency for both yeasts, COD kinetics and pH evolution during treatment reveals that C. laurentii presents a faster response than Filobasidium sp. The toxicity (inhibition of Vibrio fischeri luminescence) of C. laurentii treated WW decreases to an inhibition value below 2.5%. However, treated WW exceeds the legal limits, making necessary an additional treatment. In this case, the selection of Fenton's reagent as a chemical final polish step process is a good compromise between efficiency and lower practical complexity. The best results for both COD and TPP removal were obtained with H2O2 initial concentration of 39.2mM and a H2O2:Fe(2+) molar ratio of 15:1. The combined C. laurentii - Fenton's reagent treatment of WW achieved a total reduction of 98% and 96%, for COD and TPP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santos
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marco S Lucas
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Albino A Dias
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M F Bezerra
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Peres
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sampaio
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Castanha RF, Mariano AP, de Morais LAS, Scramin S, Monteiro RTR. Optimization of lipids production by Cryptococcus laurentii 11 using cheese whey with molasses. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:379-87. [PMID: 25242919 PMCID: PMC4166260 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed the optimization of culture condition and composition for production of Cryptococcus laurentii 11 biomass and lipids in cheese whey medium supplemented with sugarcane molasses. The optimization of pH, fermentation time, and molasses concentration according to a full factorial statistical experimental design was followed by a Plackett-Burman experimental design, which was used to determine whether the supplementation of the culture medium by yeast extract and inorganic salts could provide a further enhancement of lipids production. The following conditions and composition of the culture medium were found to optimize biomass and lipids production: 360 h fermentation, 6.5 pH and supplementation of (g L(-1)): 50 molasses, 0.5 yeast extract, 4 KH2PO4, 1 Na2HPO4, 0.75 MgSO4 · 7H2O and 0.002 ZnSO4 · H2O. Additional supplementation with inorganic salts and yeast extract was essential to optimize the production, in terms of product concentration and productivity, of neutral lipids by C. laurentii 11. Under this optimized condition, the production of total lipids increased by 133% in relation to control experiment (from 1.27 to 2.96 g L(-1)). The total lipids indicated a predominant (86%) presence of neutral lipids with high content of 16- and 18-carbon-chain saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. This class of lipids is considered especially suitable for the production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Pinto Mariano
- NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair Department of Chemical Engineering École Polytechnique de Montréal MontrealQC Canada NSERC Environmental Design Engineering Chair, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shirlei Scramin
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente JaguariúnaSP Brazil Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Universidade de São Paulo PiracicabaSP Brazil Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Dos Santos Pedroso R, Ferreira JC, da Costa KRC, Candido RC. Comparison of primers for RAPD-PCR from environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii complex. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:951-8. [PMID: 24031912 PMCID: PMC3768887 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120003000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various organisms have been characterized by molecular methods, including fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. The purposes of this study were: to determine the discriminatory potential of the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers, the pattern of similarity of the Cryptococcus species, and discuss their useful application in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 10 isolates of each specie/group: C. albidus, C. laurentii complex, C. neoformans var. grubii, all from environmental source, and two ATCC strains, C. neoformans var. grubii ATCC 90112, and C. neoformans var. neoformans ATCC 28957 by RAPD-PCR using the primers CAV1, CAV2, ZAP19, ZAP20, OPB11 and SEQ6. The primers showed a good discriminatory power, revealing important differences between them and between species; the SEQ6 primer discriminated a larger number of isolates of three species. Isolates of C. laurentii showed greater genetic diversity than other species revealed by all six primers. Isolates of C. neoformans were more homogeneous. Only the primer CAV2 showed no amplification of DNA bands for C. albidus. It was concluded that the use of limited number of carefully selected primers allowed the discrimination of different isolates, and some primers (e.g., CAV2 for C. albidus) may not to be applied to some species.
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