1
|
Mori Y, Cheon T, Kotsugi Y, Kim YH, Park Y, Ansari MZ, Mohapatra D, Jang Y, Bae JS, Kwon W, Kim G, Park YB, Lee HBR, Song W, Kim SH. Self-Formation of a Ru/ZnO Multifunctional Bilayer for the Next-Generation Interconnect Technology via Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition. Small 2023; 19:e2300290. [PMID: 37127866 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study suggests a Ru/ZnO bilayer grown using area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) as a multifunctional layer for advanced Cu metallization. As a diffusion barrier and glue layer, ZnO is selectively grown on SiO2 , excluding Cu, where Ru, as a liner and seed layer, is grown on both surfaces. Dodecanethiol (DDT) is used as an inhibitor for the AS-ALD of ZnO using diethylzinc and H2 O at 120 °C. H2 plasma treatment removes the DDT adsorbed on Cu, forming inhibitor-free surfaces. The ALD-Ru film is then successfully deposited at 220 °C using tricarbonyl(trimethylenemethane)ruthenium and O2 . The Cu/bilayer/Si structural and electrical properties are investigated to determine the diffusion barrier performance of the bilayer film. Copper silicide is not formed without the conductivity degradation of the Cu/bilayer/Si structure, even after annealing at 700 °C. The effect of ZnO on the Ru/SiO2 structure interfacial adhesion energy is investigated using a double-cantilever-beam test and is found to increase with ZnO between Ru and SiO2 . Consequently, the Ru/ZnO bilayer can be a multifunctional layer for advanced Cu interconnects. Additionally, the formation of a bottomless barrier by eliminating ZnO on the via bottom, or Cu, is expected to decrease the via resistance for the ever-shrinking Cu lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mori
- Chemical Materials Development Department, TANAKA Precious Metals, 22, Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-4247, Japan
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Cheon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohei Kotsugi
- Chemical Materials Development Department, TANAKA Precious Metals, 22, Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-4247, Japan
| | - Youn-Hye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Zahid Ansari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Debananda Mohapatra
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jang
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 30, Gwahaksandan 1-ro 60beon-gil, Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 30, Gwahaksandan 1-ro 60beon-gil, Gangseo-gu, Busan, 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Woobin Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahui Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rico VJ, Lahoz R, Rey-García F, Yubero F, Espinós JP, de la Fuente GF, González-Elipe AR. Laser Treatment of Nanoparticulated Metal Thin Films for Ceramic Tile Decoration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:24880-24886. [PMID: 27556592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new method for the fabrication of metal-like decorative layers on glazed ceramic tiles. It consists of the laser treatment of Cu thin films prepared by electron-beam evaporation at glancing angles. A thin film of discontinuous Cu nanoparticles was electron-beam-evaporated in an oblique angle configuration onto ceramic tiles and an ample palette of colors obtained by laser treatment both in air and in vacuum. Scanning electron microscopy along with UV-vis-near-IR spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis were used to characterize the differently colored layers. On the basis of these analyses, color development has been accounted for by a simple model considering surface melting phenomena and different microstructural and chemical transformations of the outmost surface layers of the samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V J Rico
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad Sevilla , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - F Rey-García
- Departamento de Física & I3N, Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F Yubero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad Sevilla , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J P Espinós
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad Sevilla , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A R González-Elipe
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, CSIC-Universidad Sevilla , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hsieh SH, Chen WJ, Chien CM. Structural Stability of Diffusion Barriers in Cu/Ru/MgO/Ta/Si. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2015; 5:1840-1852. [PMID: 28347099 PMCID: PMC5304771 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various structures of Cu (50 nm)/Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5-3 nm)/Ta (2 nm)/Si were prepared by sputtering and electroplating techniques, in which the ultra-thin trilayer of Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5-3 nm)/Ta (2 nm) is used as the diffusion barrier against the interdiffusion between Cu film and Si substrate. The various structures of Cu/Ru/MgO/Ta/Si were characterized by four-point probes for their sheet resistances, by X-ray diffractometers for their crystal structures, by scanning electron microscopes for their surface morphologies, and by transmission electron microscopes for their cross-section and high resolution views. The results showed that the ultra-thin tri-layer of Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5-3 nm)/Ta (2 nm) is an effective diffusion barrier against the interdiffusion between Cu film and Si substrate. The MgO, and Ta layers as deposited are amorphous. The mechanism for the failure of the diffusion barrier is that the Ru layer first became discontinuous at a high temperature and the Ta layer sequentially become discontinuous at a higher temperature, the Cu atoms then diffuse through the MgO layer and to the substrate at the discontinuities, and the Cu₃Si phases finally form. The maximum temperature at which the structures of Cu (50 nm)/Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5-3 nm)/Ta (2 nm)/Si are annealed and still have low sheet resistance is from 550 to 750 °C for the annealing time of 5 min and from 500 to 700 °C for the annealing time of 30 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, 64 Wunhua Road, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan.
| | - Wen Jauh Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Mo Chien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, 64 Wunhua Road, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|