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Onyije FM, Dolatkhah R, Olsson A, Bouaoun L, Deltour I, Erdmann F, Bonaventure A, Scheurer ME, Clavel J, Schüz J. Risk factors for childhood brain tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies from 1976 to 2022. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 88:102510. [PMID: 38056243 PMCID: PMC10835339 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood brain tumours (CBTs) are the leading cause of cancer death in children under the age of 20 years globally. Though the aetiology of CBT remains poorly understood, it is thought to be multifactorial. We aimed to synthesize potential risk factors for CBT to inform primary prevention. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies indexed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from the start of those resources through 27 July 2023. We included data from case-control or cohort studies that reported effect estimates for each risk factor around the time of conception, during pregnancy and/or during post-natal period. Random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate summary effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also quantified heterogeneity (I2) across studies. FINDINGS A total of 4040 studies were identified, of which 181 studies (85 case-control and 96 cohort studies) met our criteria for inclusion. Of all eligible studies, 50% (n = 91) were conducted in Europe, 32% (n = 57) in North America, 9% (n = 16) in Australia, 8% (n = 15) in Asia, 1% (n = 2) in South America, and none in Africa. We found associations for some modifiable risk factors including childhood domestic exposures to insecticides (ES 1.44, 95% CI 1.20-1.73) and herbicides (ES 2.38, 95% CI 1.31-4.33). Maternal domestic exposure to insecticides (ES 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.94), maternal consumption of cured meat (ES 1.51, 95% CI 1.05-2.17) and coffee ≥ 2 cups/day (ES 1.45, 95% 95% CI 1.07-1.95) during pregnancy, and maternal exposure to benzene (ES 2.22; 95% CI 1.01-4.88) before conception were associated with CBTs in case-control studies. Also, paternal occupational exposure to pesticides (ES 1.48, 95% CI 1.23-1.77) and benzene (ES 1.74, 95% CI 1.10-2.76) before conception and during pregnancy were associated in case-control studies and in combined analysis. On the other hand, assisted reproductive technology (ART) (ES 1.32, 95% CI 1.05-1.67), caesarean section (CS) (ES 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.25), paternal occupational exposure to paint before conception (ES 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.40) and maternal smoking > 10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy (ES 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.40) were associated with CBT in cohort studies. Maternal intake of vitamins and folic acid during pregnancy was inversely associated in cohort studies. Hormonal/infertility treatment, breastfeeding, child day-care attendance, maternal exposure to electric heated waterbed, tea and alcohol consumption during pregnancy were among those not associated with CBT in both case-control and cohort studies. CONCLUSION Our results should be interpreted with caution, especially as most associations between risk factors and CBT were discordant between cohort and case-control studies. At present, it is premature for any CBT to define specific primary prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Onyije
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France.
| | - Roya Dolatkhah
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France
| | - Ann Olsson
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France
| | - Friederike Erdmann
- Research Group Aetiology and Inequalities in Childhood Cancer, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraβe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Audrey Bonaventure
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Villejuif, France
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Villejuif, France; National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Villejuif, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69366 LYON CEDEX 07, France
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Boldo E, Castelló A, Aragonés N, Amiano P, Pérez-Gómez B, Castaño-Vinyals G, Martín V, Guevara M, Urtiaga C, Dierssen-Sotos T, Fernández-Tardón G, Moreno V, Solans M, Peiró R, Capelo R, Gómez-Acebo I, Castilla J, Molina AJ, Castells X, Altzibar JM, Lope V, Kogevinas M, Romieu I, Pollán M. Meat intake, methods and degrees of cooking and breast cancer risk in the MCC-Spain study. Maturitas 2018; 110:62-70. [PMID: 29563037 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relationship of the risk of breast cancer (BC) to meat intake, preference regarding degree of cooking ('doneness') and cooking methods, using data from a population-based case-control study (MCC-Spain). STUDY DESIGN 1006 Histologically confirmed incident BC cases and 1370 controls were recruited in 10 Spanish provinces. Participants were 23-85 years old. They answered an epidemiological survey and a food frequency questionnaire. BC risk was assessed overall, by menopausal status and by pathological subtypes, using logistic and multinomial regression mixed models adjusted for known confounding factors and including province as a random effects term. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Breast cancer and pathological subtype. RESULTS High total intake of meat (ORQ4-Q1 (95% IC) = 1.39 (1.03-1.88)) was associated with increased BC risk among post-menopausal women. Similar results were found for processed/cured meat (ORQ4-Q1 (95% IC) = 1.47 (1.10-1.97)), and this association was particularly strong for triple-negative tumours (ER-, PR- and HER2-) (ORQ4-Q1 (95% IC) = 2.52 (1.15-5.49)). Intakes of well-done (ORwell-donevsrare (95% CI) = 1.62 (1.15-2.30)) and stewed (OR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.20-1.84)) red meat were associated with increased BC risk, with a high risk observed for HR+ tumours (ER+/PR+ and HER2-). Pan-fried/bread-coated fried white meat, but not doneness preference, was associated with an increased BC risk for all women (OR (95% CI) = 1.38 (1.14-1.65)), with a stronger association for pre-menopausal women (OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.29-2.46)). CONCLUSION The risk of developing BC could be reduced by moderating the consumption of well-done or stewed red meat, pan-fried/bread-coated fried white meat and, especially, processed/cured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adela Castelló
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Early Detection Section, Public Health Institute of Navarre, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Urtiaga
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología IUOPA, University of Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Planta 7, Campus de El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Victor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, Gran Via, 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Pavelló de Govern, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Marta Solans
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Peiró
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana FISABIO-Salud Pública, Valencia. Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rocio Capelo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centre for Research in Health and Environment (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Early Detection Section, Public Health Institute of Navarre, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Xavier Castells
- Departments of Epidemiology and Evaluation-IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Av. Universitat Autònoma, 20, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jone M Altzibar
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Breast Cancer Screening Program, Osakidetza-Health Basque Region Service, Avenida Navarra, 4, 20013, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Manuel de Falla 1, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
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