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Rogers E, Pothugunta S, Kosmider V, Stokes N, Bonomini L, Briggs GD, Lewis DP, Balogh ZJ. The Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Polytrauma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1625. [PMID: 38002307 PMCID: PMC10669581 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients' sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The methodology covered all major databases and all study types, but was restricted to polytraumatised humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1967 patients. Ten samples were taken from plasma and four from whole blood. There was no standardisation of methodology of NET detection among plasma studies; however, of all the papers that included a healthy control NET, proxies were increased. Polytrauma patients were consistently reported to have higher concentrations of NET markers in peripheral blood than those in healthy controls, but their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic utility is equivocal due to the diverse study population and methodology. After 20 years since the discovery of NETs, their natural history and potential clinical utility in polytrauma is undetermined, requiring further standardisation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rogers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Shevani Pothugunta
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Veronika Kosmider
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Natasha Stokes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Layla Bonomini
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia (S.P.)
| | - Gabrielle D. Briggs
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.D.B.)
- Injury and Trauma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Lewis
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.D.B.)
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Zsolt J. Balogh
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; (G.D.B.)
- Injury and Trauma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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2
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Li R, Hao Y, Roche K, Chen G, Pan W, Wang AZ, Min Y. Chemotherapy-induced nanovaccines implement immunogenicity equivalence for improving cancer chemoimmunotherapy. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122290. [PMID: 37643488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Several chemoimmunotherapies have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of various cancers. Chemotherapy has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells, promoting the release of tumor associated antigens (TAAs), tumor specific antigens (TSAs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and disrupting immunosuppressive microenvironments by tumor debulking. Unfortunately, systemic administration of chemotherapeutics carries side effects of blunting anti-cancer immune response through systemic immunosuppression, which deserves to be explored as an inner contradiction in chemoimmunotherapy. Here, we proposed the hypothesis of "immunogenicity equivalence" in chemoimmunotherapy that chemotherapeutics-induced immunogenic antigens and DAMPs in vitro that can subsequently be incorporated into nanovaccines, which will possess comparable immunostimulatory potential when compared to tumors treated with systemic chemotherapy in vivo. The proteomic analysis confirmed that our nanovaccines contained TAAs, TSAs and DAMPs. Improvement in treatment outcomes in tumor-bearing mice receiving anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy-induced nanovaccines was then observed. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of replacing long-term chemotherapy with nanovaccines in chemoimmunotherapy. Our nanovaccine strategy would be a general choice for formulating cancer vaccines in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kyle Roche
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Guiyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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3
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Donlon NE, Davern M, Sheppard A, O'Connell F, Moran B, Nugent TS, Heeran A, Phelan JJ, Bhardwaj A, Butler C, Ravi N, Donohoe CL, Lynam-Lennon N, Maher S, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J. Potential of damage associated molecular patterns in synergising radiation and the immune response in oesophageal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1349-1365. [PMID: 37663943 PMCID: PMC10473939 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation, dissemination, treatment response and the host immune system, with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments. However, inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive. The release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) or by immune cells themselves. AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer. METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs, calreticulin (CRT) and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance. DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells (n = 10) and within tumour biopsies (n = 9) both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics. RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro. Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo(radio)therapy, which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood. Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade (TRG 1-2) compared to low expressors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors, which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion. It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Andrew Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Brendan Moran
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Timothy S Nugent
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Aisling Heeran
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Christine Butler
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Stephen Maher
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin D08, Ireland
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Sawada K, Shimomura Y, Hasegawa D, Harada T, Nakamura T, Kuriyama N, Hara Y, Komura H, Nishida O. Association of circulating histone H3 and high mobility group box 1 levels with postoperative prognostic indicators in intensive care unit patients: a single-center observational study. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:95-100. [PMID: 37234401 PMCID: PMC10206906 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) levels are associated with sepsis severity and prognosis. Histone and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels are also potential indicators of prognosis. We investigated the relationship between serum histone H3 and HMGB1 levels and the illness severity score and prognosis in postoperative patients. Methods Postoperative serum histone H3 and HMGB1 levels in 39 intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated at our institution were measured. The correlation between peak histone H3 and HMGB1 levels in each patient and clinical data (age, sex, surgical time, length of ICU stay, and survival after ICU discharge), which also included the patients' illness severity score, was examined. Results Histone H3 but not HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with surgical time, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine acute phase disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosis score, and the length of ICU stay. Both histone H3 and HMGB1 levels were negatively correlated with age. However, survival post-ICU discharge was not correlated with histone H3 or HMGB1 levels. Conclusions Histone H3 levels are correlated with severity scores and the length of ICU stay. Serum histone H3 and HMGB1 levels are elevated postoperatively. These DAMPs, however, are not prognostic indicators in postoperative ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sawada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Shimomura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Komura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
The pathophysiology after polytrauma represents a complex network of interactions. While it was thought for a long time that the direct and indirect effects of hypoperfusion are most relevant due to the endothelial permeability changes, it was discovered that the innate immune response to trauma is equally important in modifying the organ response. Recent multi center studies provided a "genetic storm" theory, according to which certain neutrophil changes are activated at the time of injury. However, a second hit phenomenon can be induced by activation of certain molecules by direct organ injury, or pathogens (damage associated molecular patterns, DAMPS - pathogen associated molecular patterns, PAMPS). The interactions between the four pathogenetic cycles (of shock, coagulopathy, temperature loss and soft tissue injuries) and cross-talk between coagulation and inflammation have also been identified as important modifiers of the clinical status. In a similar fashion, overzealous surgeries and their associated soft tissue injury and blood loss can induce secondary worsening of the patient condition. Therefore, staged surgeries in certain indications represent an important alternative, to allow for performing a "safe definitive surgery" strategy for major fractures. The current review summarizes all these situations in a detailed fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Pape
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - E E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - T McKinley
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indiana University, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - A Sauaia
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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6
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Noda T, Kato R, Hattori T, Furukawa Y, Ijiri Y, Tanaka K. Role of caspase-8 and/or -9 as biomarkers that can distinguish the potential to cause toxic- and immune related-adverse event, for the progress of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Life Sci 2022; 294:120351. [PMID: 35092733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause acute liver failure. Although it is well known that APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is caused by toxic mechanism, recently it is also reported to be immune related. However, the detail of the mechanism has been unclear. Therefore, elucidation of the pathophysiology is required. MAIN METHODS In AILI model rats (800 mg/kg), the levels of AST, ALT and Caspase (C)-3/-8/-9 levels were measured. In in vitro study using human hepatocyte cells (FLC-4) and THP-1 cells, APAP (1.0 mM) were added to FLC-4 and the cell viability, C-9, cytochrome c, mitochondria membrane potential, and glutathione levels of FLC-4 and inflammasome activation of THP-1 were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS In AILI model rats, the levels of AST and ALT were increased only at 12-24 h. C-3/-9 levels rose at 6-9 h, whereas C-8 level rose hours later, moreover, 24 h after; C-3/-8/-9 levels re-rose. In FLC-4 cells, cytochrome c was released from the mitochondria which is promoted by oxidative stress due to drug metabolism and C-9 was activated. Thus, AILI was caused mitochondrial damage by NAPQI as early reaction (first stage). In the next stage, inflammasomes of human antigen presenting cells, which released inflammatory cytokines were activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged hepatocyte by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE It is confirmed that AILI includes immune related mechanism. Thereby, in case of N-acetylcysteine refractory, additional administration of steroid hormones should be effective and recommended as a novel strategy for AILI with immune related adverse event (irAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hattori
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Furukawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan; Kidney Center, Shirasagi Hospital, Kumata, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Niles AL, Cali JJ, Lazar DF. A live-cell assay for the real-time assessment of extracellular ATP levels. Anal Biochem 2021; 628:114286. [PMID: 34119487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is a potent damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule known to exert profound effects on the innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, it has become an important biomarker for studying means to pro-actively modulate inflammatory processes. Unfortunately, traditional methodologies employed for measuring eATP require cumbersome supernatant sampling, onerous time courses, or unnecessary duplication of effort. Here we describe a new reagent that is tolerable to test cells in extended exposures and enables a fully homogeneous assay method for real-time determinations of extracellular ATP levels. The reagent is introduced into assay plates containing cells at the time of stimulus introduction. The real-time feature of the format allows for sensitive, continuous accounting of eATP levels in the test model over at least 24 h. This work details our efforts to create and characterize this new reagent and to validate utility by demonstrating its use with multiple cell lines and chemically diverse eATP induction stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Niles
- Promega Corporation, 5430 Cheryl Parkway, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - James J Cali
- Promega Corporation, 5430 Cheryl Parkway, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Dan F Lazar
- Promega Corporation, 5430 Cheryl Parkway, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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Thankam FG, Ayoub JG, Ahmed MMR, Siddique A, Sanchez TC, Peralta RA, Pennington TJ, Agrawal DK. Association of hypoxia and mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis of vein graft failure: a pilot study. Transl Res 2021; 229:38-52. [PMID: 32861831 PMCID: PMC7867581 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard treatment modality in revascularization of the myocardium. However, the graft failure remains the major complication following CABG procedure. Involvement of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mt-DAMPs) in the pathogenesis of vein-graft failure is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of major protein-mt-DAMPs, cytochrome-C (Cyt-C), heat shock protein-60 (Hsp-60), mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), in the occluded graft and associated tissues, including distal left anterior descending (LAD), LAD adjacent to anastomosis, and left internal mammary artery (LIMA) in the microswine CABG model. The protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) was significantly decreased in the graft and LIMA, whereas the protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and Cyt-C was decreased and that of mtTFA and Hsp60 was increased in all tissues compared to controls. There was no significant difference in the protein expression of citrate synthase, complex-1, and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase in the graft and associated tissues compared to control. Hypoxia in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) significantly upregulated all mitochondrial biomarkers and mt-DAMPs compared to normoxia. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and compromised membrane integrity in the hypoxic SMCs correlated well with increased mt-DAMPs in the graft and associated tissues, suggesting a possible role of mt-DAMPs in the pathogenesis of graft failure. These findings suggest that the pathological signals elicited by mt-DAMPs could reveal targets for better therapeutic approaches and diagnostic strategies in the management of CABG graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Joseph G Ayoub
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mohamed M Radwan Ahmed
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Aleem Siddique
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Thomas C Sanchez
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rafael A Peralta
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Thomas J Pennington
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
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Heshmati Aghda N, Abdulsahib SM, Severson C, Lara EJ, Torres Hurtado S, Yildiz T, Castillo JA, Tunnell JW, Betancourt T. Induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells through nanoparticle-mediated dual chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119787. [PMID: 32898630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomedicines to induce immunogenic cell death is a new strategy that aims to increase tumor immunogenicity and thereby prime tumors for further immunotherapies. In this study, we developed a nanoparticle formulation for combinatory chemotherapy and photothermal therapy based only on materials previously used in FDA-approved products and investigated the effect of the combinatory therapy on the growth inhibition and induction of immunogenic cell death in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The formulation consists of ~108-nm nanoparticles made of poly(lactic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) which carry doxorubicin for chemotherapy and indocyanine green for photothermal therapy. A 0.3 mg/mL suspension of NPs increased the medium temperature up to 10 °C upon irradiation with an 808-nm diode laser. In vitro studies showed that combination of laser assisted indocyanine green-mediated photothermal therapy and doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy effectively eradicated cancer cells and resulted in the highest level of damage-associated molecular pattern presentation (calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, and adenosine triphosphate) compared to the individual treatments alone. These results demonstrate that our nanoparticle-mediated combinatory approach led to the most intense immunogenic cell death when compared to individual chemotherapy or photothermal therapy, making it a potent option for future in vivo studies in combination with cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Heshmati Aghda
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Shahad M Abdulsahib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Carli Severson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Emilio J Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Susana Torres Hurtado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tugba Yildiz
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - James W Tunnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Materials Science, Engineering and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
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10
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Alves do Monte F, Sung Park M, Gokani V, Singhal M, Ma C, Aruwajoye OO, Niese B, Liu X, Kim HKW. Development of a novel minimally invasive technique to washout necrotic bone marrow content from epiphyseal bone: A preliminary cadaveric bone study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020; 106:709-15. [PMID: 32146150 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a juvenile ischemic osteonecrosis which produces extensive necrotic cell debris and release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the femoral head. The necrotic bone environment induces a chronic inflammatory repair response with excessive bone resorption leading to deformity and early osteoarthritis. Currently there is no minimally invasive method to clear the necrotic materials from the bone to decrease the inflammatory burden of the necrotic environment and to improve the healing process. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that a novel minimally invasive two-needle saline washing technique would be effective to remove cell debris, proteins, and fat from the marrow space of porcine cadaveric humeral heads (HHs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two HHs were subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles to simulate osteonecrosis prior to the wash procedure which consisted of placement of two 15-gauge intraosseous needles followed by incremental saline wash. After the washout procedure, the solutions were collected for measurements of turbidity, protein concentration, and cell count. The HHs were analyzed by optical scanning and histology. RESULTS The solution collected after each wash showed a significant decrease in the turbidity, cell count, and protein concentration (p<0.05). Histologic assessment showed significantly decreased cell debris and adipocytes in the washed group compared to the unwashed group (p<0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The two-needle intraosseous wash technique effectively removed cell debris and proteins from the marrow space. The technique may be used to reduce the necrotic cell debris and DAMPs present in the necrotic bone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, in vitro comparative study.
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Robich M, Ryzhov S, Kacer D, Palmeri M, Peterson SM, Quinn RD, Carter D, Sheppard F, Hayes T, Sawyer DB, Rappold J, Prudovsky I, Kramer RS. Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass is Associated With Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation. J Surg Res 2020; 251:287-295. [PMID: 32199337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is involved in critical regulatory mechanisms that maintain endothelial vascular integrity. We hypothesized that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be associated with EG degradation. We performed an analysis of soluble syndecan-1 levels in relation to duration of CPB, as well as factors associated with cell stress and damage, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inflammation. METHODS Blood samples from subjects undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB (n = 54) were obtained before and during surgery, 4-8 h and 24 h after completion of CPB, and on postoperative day 4. Flow cytometry was used to determine subpopulations of white blood cells. Plasma levels of mtDNA were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and plasma content of shed syndecan-1 was measured. To determine whether syndecan-1 was signaling white blood cells, the effect of recombinant syndecan-1 on mobilization of neutrophils from bone marrow was tested in mice. RESULTS CPB is associated with increased mtDNA during surgery, increased syndecan-1 blood levels at 4-8 h, and increased white blood cell count at 4-8 h and 24 h. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between time on CPB and syndecan-1 (rs = 0.488, P < 0.001) and level of syndecan-1 and neutrophil count (rs = 0.351, P = 0.038) at 4-8 h. Intravenous administration of recombinant syndecan-1 in mice resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in the number of circulating neutrophils, concurrent with decreased bone marrow neutrophil number. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of CPB is associated with increased plasma levels of soluble syndecan-1, a signal for EG degradation, which can induce neutrophil egress from the bone marrow. Development of therapy targeting EG shedding may be beneficial in patients with prolonged CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robich
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Doreen Kacer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Monica Palmeri
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | | | - Reed D Quinn
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine
| | - Damien Carter
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine; Maine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Portland, Maine
| | - Forest Sheppard
- Maine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Portland, Maine
| | - Timothy Hayes
- Maine Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Portland, Maine
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Joseph Rappold
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine; Maine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Portland, Maine
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Robert S Kramer
- Maine Medical Center Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Maine; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.
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Kachewar NR, Gupta V, Ranjan A, Patel HK, Sonti RV. Overexpression of OsPUB41, a Rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:530. [PMID: 31783788 PMCID: PMC6884774 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) induce plant immune responses and E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to play important roles in regulating plant defenses. Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is enhanced upon treatment of leaves with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) secreted CWDEs such as Cellulase and Lipase/Esterase. However, it is not reported to have a role in elicitation of immune responses. RESULTS Expression of the rice E3 ubiquitin ligase, OsPUB41, is induced when rice leaves are treated with either CWDEs, pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogens. Overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to induction of callose deposition, enhanced tolerance to Xoo and Rhizoctonia solani infection in rice and Arabidopsis respectively. In rice, transient overexpression of OsPUB41 leads to enhanced expression of PR genes and SA as well as JA biosynthetic and response genes. However, in Arabidopsis, ectopic expression of OsPUB41 results in upregulation of only JA biosynthetic and response genes. Transient overexpression of either of the two biochemically inactive mutants (OsPUB41C40A and OsPUB41V51R) of OsPUB41 in rice and stable transgenics in Arabidopsis ectopically expressing OsPUB41C40A failed to elicit immune responses. This indicates that the E3 ligase activity of OsPUB41 protein is essential for induction of plant defense responses. CONCLUSION The results presented here suggest that OsPUB41 is possibly involved in elicitation of CWDE triggered immune responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishal Gupta
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Hitendra Kumar Patel
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
| | - Ramesh V. Sonti
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Kageyama Y, Kasahara T, Kato M, Sakai S, Deguchi Y, Tani M, Kuroda K, Hattori K, Yoshida S, Goto Y, Kinoshita T, Inoue K, Kato T. The relationship between circulating mitochondrial DNA and inflammatory cytokines in patients with major depression. J Affect Disord 2018. [PMID: 28633757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inflammatory cytokines are established biomarkers of mood disorders, their molecular mechanism is not known. We hypothesized that circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to inflammation and could be used as biomarkers. We investigated if circulating mtDNA level is associated with inflammatory cytokines and can be used as a biomarker of mood disorders. METHODS Plasma mtDNA concentration was measured with real-time quantitative PCR targeting two regions of the mtDNA and plasma levels of four cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) were measured with a multiplex immunoassay method in 109 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The most significantly correlated cytokine was verified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data from 28 patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 17 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and 29 healthy controls were compared. RESULTS MtDNA levels showed a nominal positive correlation with GM-CSF, IL-2 and IL-4 in patients with MDD. The most significant correlation with IL-4 (ρ = 0.38, P < 0.00005) was verified with an ELISA (ρ = 0.19, P = 0.049). Unexpectedly, patients with MDD and BD showed significantly lower plasma mtDNA levels than controls. MtDNA levels were lower in the depressive state than in the euthymic state in patients with MDD. Patients with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia did not show significantly higher levels of these four cytokines than controls. LIMITATIONS There is a possibility that the patients in this study are different from previous studies in which increased cytokine levels were reported. MtDNA levels should be measured in patients showing elevated plasma cytokine levels. A larger sample is required to generalize the results. CONCLUSIONS The present findings coincide with our hypothesis that circulating mtDNA contributes to the inflammation in MDD. Further studies are needed to conclude whether plasma mtDNA would be a biomarker of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kageyama
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Sakai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Deguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hannan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.
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Abstract
The proportion of elderly people rises in the developed countries. The increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases is caused by immune dysfunction, especially T cell functional decline. Age-related hematopoietic stem cells deviate from lymphoid lineage to myeloid lineage. Thymus shrinks early in life, which is followed by the decline of naïve T cells. T-cell receptor repertoire diversity declines by aging, which is caused by cytomegalovirus-driven T cell clonal expansion. Functional decline of B cell induces antibody affinity declines by aging. Many effector functions including phagocytosis of myeloid cells are down regulated by aging. The studies of aging of myeloid cells have some controversial results. Although M1 macrophages have been shown to be replaced by anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by advanced age, many human studies showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in older human. To solve this discrepancy here we divide age-related pathological changes into two categories. One is an aging of immune cell itself. Second is involvement of immune cells to age-related pathological changes. Cellular senescence and damaged cells in aged tissue recruit pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and proceed to age-related diseases. Underlying biochemical and metabolic studies will open nutritional treatment.
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