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Li XL, Cai XY, Ning X, Liang YY, Hong Y, Li QM, Hu D, Zheng YZ, Cai Y, Xu T, Zhao LL. Role of sleep in asthenospermia induced by di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:13965-13980. [PMID: 38265591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) mainly enters the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and skin. At the same time, it has reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and so on, which can cause the decrease of sperm motility. Asthenospermia is also known as low sperm motility, and the semen quality of men in some areas of China is declining year by year. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that sleep disorders can also lead to asthenospermia. However, the relationship between sleep, DEHP, and asthenospermia is still unclear. Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population database showed that DEHP was associated with sleep disorders, and subsequent experiments in mice and Drosophila indicated that DEHP exposure had certain effects on sleep and asthenospermia. Furthermore, we analyzed the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to find out the common signaling pathway among the three: hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1). Then Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) was used to screen out the proteins that DEHP affected the HIF-1 pathway: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and finally Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of the three proteins. Compared with the control group, DEHP decreased the protein expression levels of GAPDH and AKT1 in the HIF-1 pathway, and caused sleep disorders and decreased sperm motility. This study provides preliminary evidence for exploring the mechanism among DEHP, sleep disorders, and asthenospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xia Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue-Yue Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qi-Meng Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuan-Zhuo Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Hong Y, Ning X, Liang YY, Li XL, Cui Y, Wu W, Cai Y, Zhao S, Zhu M, Zhong TX, Wang H, Xu DX, Xu T, Zhao LL. Colonic mechanism of serum NAD + depletion induced by DEHP during pregnancy. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162188. [PMID: 36781136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products such as feed piping, packing bag, and medical consumable. Our previous studies have demonstrated that DEHP exposure reduced the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in pregnant mice serum, which cuts off the source of NAD+ to placenta and results fetal growth restriction. However, the mechanism of serum NAD+ depletion by DEHP remains elusive. This study investigated the intestinal mechanism of NAD+ shortage-induced by DEHP in pregnant mice. The transcriptome results implicated that the mRNA level of oxidative response genes Cyp1a1, Gsto2, Trpv1 and Trpv3 were upregulated in colon. These changes induced intestinal inflammation. Transmission Electron Microscopy results displayed that DEHP destroyed the tight junctions and cell polarity of colonic epithelial cells. These dysfunctions diminished the expression of NAD+ precursor transporters SLC12A8, SLC5A8, SLC7A5, and the NAD+ biosynthetic key enzymes NAMPT, NMNAT1-3, and TDO2 in colonic epithelial cells. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that DEHP led to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, reducing the relative abundance of Prevotella copri which possesses the VB3 biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, maternal DEHP exposure during pregnancy decreased the transportation of NAD+ precursors from enteric cavity to colonic epithelial cells, and inhibited the synthesis of NAD+ in colonic epithelial cells. Meanwhile, DEHP reduced the NAD+ precursors provided by gut microbiota. Eventually, serum NAD+ content was lowered. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight for understanding the intestinal mechanisms by which DEHP affects serum NAD+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xia Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yue-Yue Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ya Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Zhao S, Hong Y, Liang YY, Li XL, Shen JC, Sun CC, Chu LL, Hu J, Wang H, Xu DX, Zhang SC, Xu DD, Xu T, Zhao LL. Compartmentalized regulation of NAD + by Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate induces DNA damage in placental trophoblast. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102414. [PMID: 35926314 PMCID: PMC9356100 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a wildly used plasticizer. Maternal exposure to DEHP during pregnancy blocks the placental cell cycle at the G2/M phase by reducing the efficiency of the DNA repair pathways and affects the health of offsprings. However, the mechanism by which DEHP inhibits the repair of DNA damage remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that DEHP inhibits DNA damage repair by reducing the activity of the DNA repair factor recruitment molecule PARP1. NAD+ and ATP are two substrates necessary for PARP1 activity. DEHP abated NAD+ in the nucleus by reducing the level of NAD+ synthase NMNAT1 and elevated NAD+ in the mitochondrial by promoting synthesis. Furthermore, DEHP destroyed the mitochondrial respiratory chain, affected the structure and quantity of mitochondria, and decreased ATP production. Therefore, DEHP inhibits PARP1 activity by reducing the amount of NAD+ and ATP, which hinders the DNA damage repair pathways. The supplement of NAD+ precursor NAM can partially rescue the DNA and mitochondria damage. It provides a new idea for the prevention of health problems of offsprings caused by DEHP injury to the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue-Yue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jiang-Chuan Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Cong-Cong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health / Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Luo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No 632 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Dou-Dou Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Sun CC, Zhao S, Chu LL, Zhang SY, Li YL, Sun MF, Wang QN, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Gao L, Xu DX, Zhang SC, Xu T, Zhao LL. Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate disrupts placental growth in a dual blocking mode. J Hazard Mater 2022; 421:126815. [PMID: 34396966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer. Maternal DEHP exposure inhibits cell proliferation and reduces placentas size, which associates with fetal growth restriction and adulthood diseases. However, the mechanism of placental cell proliferation inhibition by DEHP remains elusive. This study investigated the effect of DEHP on placental cell proliferation from cell cycle arrest. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo experiments, we investigated cell cycle arrest, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, genotoxic stress response, and micronuclei formation. Most DEHP metabolizes to mono (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and distributes to organs quickly, so MEHP and DEHP were used in cultured cell and animal experiments, respectively. Here, a double blocking mode for the proliferation inhibition of the placental cell was revealed. One is that the classical DSB repair pathways were suppressed, which arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The other is that DEHP stimulated an elevated level of progesterone, which blocked the cell cycle at metaphase by disrupting chromosome arrangement. These two sets of events facilitated micronuclei formation and resulted in cell proliferation inhibition. This findings provide a novel mechanistic understanding for DEHP to inhibit placental cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; Tongxiang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ling-Luo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mei-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes/Department of Toxicology/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Zhang S, Sun C, Zhao S, Wang B, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Cheng H, Zhu L, Shen R, Sun M, Xu T, Zhao L. Exposure to DEHP or its metabolite MEHP promotes progesterone secretion and inhibits proliferation in mouse placenta or JEG-3 cells. Environ Pollut 2020; 257:113593. [PMID: 31771930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor and commonly used as plasticizer. Maternal DEHP exposure during pregnancy reduces placental size and destroys placental structure. However, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. In this study, we supposed that DEHP disturbs endocrine function of placenta to inhibit the proliferation of placental cell. Using radioimmunoassay and ELISA, we found that DEHP and its active metabolite mono (2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP) promoted progesterone secretion in pregnant mouse and in JEG-3 cells, respectively. Therefore, placental endocrine function was altered by DEHP. The mRNA and protein level of progesterone synthetase 3β-HSD1 was elevated by DEHP, which is conducive to the synthesis of progesterone. The level of progesterone receptor was down-regulated by DEHP and MEHP in mouse placenta and in JEG-3 cells, respectively. PR deficiency further promoted the level of 3β-HSD1, which leads to a higher progesterone level. In turn, higher concentration of progesterone further inhibited the expression of PGR (PR gene). Therefore, higher progesterone down-regulated the level of its receptor PR. Meanwhile, decreased PR induced more progesterone secretion. There is a feedback loop between progesterone and PR. PR deficiency down-regulated the protein level of Cyclin D1 which plays an important role in cell proliferation. Accordingly, DEHP and its active metabolite MEHP can restrain proliferation of placental cell and disturb the progesterone secretion via decreasing the level of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ru Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Meifang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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