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Li C, Pan Y, Yin W, Liu J, Hu H. A key gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 1, enhances fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38566219 PMCID: PMC10986045 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoxanthin has been widely investigated owing to its beneficial biological properties, and the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, possessing fucoxanthin (Fux) chlorophyll proteins as light-harvesting systems, is considered to have the potential to become a commercial cell factory for the pigment production. RESULTS Here, we compared the pigment contents in 10 different P. tricornutum strains from the globe, and found that strain CCMP631 (Pt6) exhibited the highest Fux content but with a low biomass. Comparison of mRNA levels revealed that higher Fux content in Pt6 was related with the higher expression of gene violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like (VDL) protein 1 (VDL1), which encodes the enzyme catalyzing the tautomerization of violaxanthin to neoxanthin in Fux biosynthesis pathway. Single nucleotide variants of VDL1 gene and allele-specific expression in strains Pt1 (the whole genome sequenced strain CCMP632) and Pt6 were analyzed, and overexpressing of each of the 4 VDL1 alleles, two from Pt1 and two from Pt6, in strain Pt1 leads to an increase in downstream product diadinoxanthin and channels the pigments towards Fux biosynthesis. All the 8 VDL1 overexpression (OE) lines showed significant increases by 8.2 to 41.7% in Fux content without compromising growth, and VDL1 Allele 2 OE lines even exhibited the higher cell density on day 8, with an increase by 24.2-28.7% in two Pt1VDL1-allele 2 OE lines and 7.1-11.1% in two Pt6VDL1-allele 2 OE lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal VDL1, localized in the plastid stroma, plays a key role in Fux over-accumulation in P. tricornutum. Overexpressing VDL1, especially allele 2, improved both the Fux content and growth rate, which provides a new strategy for the manipulation of Fux production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Zhuang G, Ye Y, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhu J, Li Y, Zhang J, Yan X. Valorization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum for integrated preparation of diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin. Bioresour Technol 2023:129412. [PMID: 37390934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrated preparation of high-purity carotenoids from marine microalgae using green and efficient methods still faces enormous challenges. In this study, valorization of the economic Phaeodactylum tricornutum using integrated preparation of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) and fucoxanthin (Fx) was explored containing four steps including algae cultivation, solvent extraction, ODS open-column chromatography, and ethanol precipitation for the first time. Several essential key factors were optimized for simultaneously extracting Ddx and Fx from P. tricornutum. ODS open-column chromatography was used to isolate Ddx and Fx. Purification of Ddx and Fx was accomplished using ethanol precipitation. After optimization, the purity of Ddx and Fx was more than 95%, and the total recovery rates of Ddx and Fx were approximately 55% and 85%, respectively. The purified Ddx and Fx were identified as all-trans-diadinoxanthin and all-trans-fucoxanthin, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the purified Ddx and Fx was assessed using two tests in vitro: DPPH and ABTS radical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- GengJie Zhuang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuemei Ye
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Junling Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Junwang Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Colon R, Rein KS. Essential components of the xanthophyll cycle differ in high and low toxin Karenia brevis. Harmful Algae 2021; 103:102006. [PMID: 33980446 PMCID: PMC10246377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, blooms annually in the Gulf of Mexico, producing a suite of neurotoxins known as the brevetoxins. The cellular toxin content of K. brevis, however, is highly variable between or even within strains. Herein, we investigate physiological differences between high (KbHT) and low (KbLT) toxin producing cultures both derived from the Wilson strain, related to energy-dependent quenching (qE) by photosystem II, and reduced thiol content of the proteome. We demonstrate that gene and protein expression of the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase (Dde) and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase are not significantly different in the two cultures. Using redox proteomics, we report a significantly higher reduced cysteine content in the low toxin proteome, including plastid localized thioredoxin reductase (Trx) which can result in inactivation of Dde and activation of MGDG synthase. We also report significant differences in the lipidomes of KbHT and KbLT with respect to MGDG, which facilitates the xanthophyll cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Colon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Kathleen S Rein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Tossavainen M, Ilyass U, Ollilainen V, Valkonen K, Ojala A, Romantschuk M. Influence of long term nitrogen limitation on lipid, protein and pigment production of Euglena gracilis in photoheterotrophic cultures. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6624. [PMID: 30972245 PMCID: PMC6448558 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen limitation is considered a good strategy for enhancement of algal lipid production while conversely N repletion has been shown to result in biomass rich in proteins. In this study, the influence of long-term N limitation on Euglena gracilis fatty acid (FA), protein, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid concentrations was studied in N limited cultures. Biomass composition was analyzed from three-time points from N starved late stationary phase cultures, exposed to three different initial N concentrations in the growth medium. Total lipid content increased under N limitation in ageing cultures, but the low N content and prolonged cultivation time resulted in the formation of a high proportion of saturated FAs. Furthermore, growth as well as the production of proteins, chlorophyll a and carotenoids were enhanced in higher N concentrations and metabolism of these cellular components stayed stable during the stationary growth phase. Our findings showed that a higher N availability and a shorter cultivation time is a good strategy for efficient E. gracilis biomass production, regardless of whether the produced biomass is intended for maximal recovery of polyunsaturated FAs, proteins, or photosynthetic pigments. Additionally, we showed an increase of neoxanthin, β-carotene, and diadinoxanthin as a response to higher N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Tossavainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Usman Ilyass
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.,Oy Soya Ab/Jalofoods, Tammisaari, Finland
| | - Velimatti Ollilainen
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Valkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.,Kyrö Distillery Company, Isokyrö, Finland
| | - Anne Ojala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.,Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Streckaite S, Gardian Z, Li F, Pascal AA, Litvin R, Robert B, Llansola-Portoles MJ. Pigment configuration in the light-harvesting protein of the xanthophyte alga Xanthonema debile. Photosynth Res 2018; 138:139-148. [PMID: 30006883 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soil chromophyte alga Xanthonema (X.) debile contains only non-carbonyl carotenoids and Chl-a. X. debile has an antenna system denoted Xanthophyte light-harvesting complex (XLH) that contains the carotenoids diadinoxanthin, heteroxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin. The XLH pigment stoichiometry was calculated by chromatographic techniques and the pigment-binding structure studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The pigment ratio obtained by HPLC was found to be close to 8:1:2:1 Chl-a:heteroxanthin:diadinoxanthin:vaucheriaxanthin. The resonance Raman spectra suggest the presence of 8-10 Chl-a, all of which are 5-coordinated to the central Mg, with 1-3 Chl-a possessing a macrocycle distorted from the relaxed conformation. The three populations of carotenoids are in the all-trans configuration. Vaucheriaxanthin absorbs around 500-530 nm, diadinoxanthin at 494 nm and heteroxanthin at 487 nm at 4.5 K. The effective conjugation length of heteroxanthin and diadinoxanthin has been determined as 9.4 in both cases; the environment polarizability of the heteroxanthin and diadinoxanthin binding pockets is 0.270 and 0.305, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Streckaite
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fei Li
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Radek Litvin
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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Kuczynska P, Jemiola-Rzeminska M. Isolation and purification of all- trans diadinoxanthin and all- trans diatoxanthin from diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Appl Phycol 2016; 29:79-87. [PMID: 28344388 PMCID: PMC5346133 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two diatom-specific carotenoids are engaged in the diadinoxanthin cycle, an important mechanism which protects these organisms against photoinhibition caused by absorption of excessive light energy. A high-performance and economical procedure of isolation and purification of diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum using a four-step procedure has been developed. It is based on the use of commonly available materials and does not require advanced technology. Extraction of pigments, saponification, separation by partition and then open column chromatography, which comprise the complete experimental procedure, can be performed within 2 days. This method allows HPLC grade diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin of a purity of 99 % or more to be obtained, and the efficiency was estimated to be 63 % for diadinoxanthin and 73 % for diatoxanthin. Carefully selected diatom culture conditions as well as analytical ones ensure highly reproducible performance. A protocol can be used to isolate and purify the diadinoxanthin cycle pigments both on analytical and preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kuczynska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jemiola-Rzeminska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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