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Lekesiz Ö, Çelekli A, Yavuzatmaca M, Dügel M. Determination of ecological statuses of streams in the Ceyhan River Basin using composition and ecological characteristics of diatoms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33518-0. [PMID: 38713353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the interactions between diatoms and ecological factors in various streams and to test the suitability of diatom indices to evaluate the ecological status of 44 streams in the Ceyhan River Basin during the spring and autumn periods of 2021 and the summer of 2022. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated the significant effects of electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) on the distribution of diatom species of streams in the Ceyhan River Basin. Of the streams, Aksu and Erkenez streams were associated with high EC, BOD5, and TP and characterized by pollution-tolerant species. Pollution-sensitive species showed close integration with Aksu Spring Brook, Gözpınar Creek, Göksun Creek, and Yeşilgöz Spring Brook, which related to a high dissolved oxygen gradient. Different eco-regional diatom indices displayed different scores, representing from bad to high ecological status in the Ceyhan River basin. Among the diatom indices, Trophic Index Turkey (TIT) proved to be the more suitable metric to assess the ecological status of streams. TIT indicated deterioration of water quality in Karasu (S06), Erkenez (S07) streams, and downstream areas of the Ceyhan River and the least distributed sampling stations in the basin. Results suggested that eco-regionally developed diatom indices, like TIT, are required to more accurately assess the ecological status of streams in the Mediterranean region. The study provides a fundamental assessment of the ecological status of streams in the Ceyhan River Basin using an appropriate diatom index before the Pazarcık-centered earthquake on February 6, 2023. Findings allow someone to assess the impact of the earthquake on diatom communities and ecological factors in the region in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Lekesiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Türkiye
| | - Abuzer Çelekli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Türkiye.
| | - Mehmet Yavuzatmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14280, Bolu, Türkiye
| | - Muzaffer Dügel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14280, Bolu, Türkiye
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Bartwal T, Nautiyal P. Hydropower development in the Himalaya: identifying critical river stretches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:46741-46747. [PMID: 36723840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two hydroelectric projects are operational in the upper and lower stretches of the river Alaknanda near Lambagarh and Srinagar that are respectively ~ 140 km apart. The health of the river ecosystem in the flowing stretches between and below these projects was bio-assessed, based on widely used diatom indices and van Dam ecologic values computed by OMNIDIA software. Samples were collected from Birahi (S3), the semi-natural stretch ~ 53 km downstream of the powerhouse, Narkota (S5), the impacted stretch ~ 27 km upstream Srinagar dam and Bagwan (S8), the highly regulated stretch ~ 22 km downstream Srinagar. IPS and IBD revealed mild pollution in the upper and lower stretch compared to relatively elevated pollution at S5. However, TDI indicates moderate organic pollution at S3 and S5, whereas the IDS/E indicates low degradation at all stations. The prevalence of tolerant N-autotroph, β-mesosprobe, mesotrophic, and aquatic to aerophilic categories of van Dam environmental variables indicate that a certain level of impact already persists due to organic-cum-nutrient load and perturbed flow regime. The prevalence of eutrophic and moderate O2 categories shows that the ecosystem is in a critical state at S5, as also observed for species diversity. Based on the dominant categories, the river stretch was classified as "polyoxybiontic-cum-mesotrophic" at S3 and S8 while "moderate O2-cum-eutrophic" at S5, implying higher organic and nutrient load in the river section at S5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bartwal
- Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Prakash Nautiyal
- Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
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Szczepocka E, Nowicka-Krawczyk P, Olszyński RM, Żelazna-Wieczorek J. Response of diatom assemblages to the disruption of the running water continuum in urban areas, and its consequences on bioassessment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12457. [PMID: 34900419 PMCID: PMC8621708 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of river and stream channels disrupts their natural ecological cycles and interrupts the continuum of their ecosystems. Changes in natural hydromorphological conditions transform lotic communities into those atypical of flowing waters, resulting in bioassessment procedures yielding incorrect results. This study shows how hydromorphological transformations of ecosystems affect the ecological status bioassessment results by disturbing diatom communities typical for rivers. Moreover, the article presents a new biological assessment procedure for urban transformed rivers including the verification of the community structure based on autecology and quantity of species. The ecological status of the ecosystem was assessed using benthic diatom assemblages and supported with results of hydrochemical analysis. The structure of the assemblages and their relationships between individual sampling sites were clarified by shade plot and multivariate data analyses. The analysis of dominant species vitality at sampling sites and their autecology gave the foundation for modification of taxa data matrix and recalculation the diatom indices. Biological assessment showed that one of the artificial ponds constructed at the stream channel was characterized by good ecological status, and its presence strongly affected the state of the downstream ecosystem following the development of a unique assemblage of diatoms that prefer oligosaprobic and oligotrophic waters. The presence of these species was also noted in the downstream sections, but most of the cells were dead. As the indicator values of these taxa are high, their presence artificially increased the ecological status of the stream, resulting in the hydrochemical assessment not being in line with the bioassessment. Therefore, a new procedure was adopted in which non-characteristic taxa for the downstream sections were excluded from analysis. This approach corrected the results of bioassessment characterizing the ecological status of the stream as poor along its entire course, with the exception of this unique pond. For hydromorphologically transformed streams and rivers with disturbed channel continuity, the correct result of an incorrect diatom-based bioassessment may be retrieved after excluding species unusual for the type of ecosystem from the studied assemblages, i.e., the species which are unable to reproduce in that area and are only carried into it by the water flow. Assessment of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems based on biotic factors is an essential tool of aquatic ecosystems monitoring in many countries. This type of assessment requires a multifaceted approach, in particular, to identify factors that may disrupt this assessment. Standardization of biomonitoring methods is an important step in correct assessment; thus, the findings of this paper will be useful in routine biomonitoring around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepocka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał M Olszyński
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Żelazna-Wieczorek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Çetin T, Solak CN, Yılmaz E. Testing the performance of European diatom indices for evaluating the ecological status in the Kızılırmak basin, Turkey: flowing waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43567-43578. [PMID: 33835341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Kızılırmak River is the longest river (1.355 km) in Turkey and flows into the Black Sea. Main pressures in the basin are waste water discharges, widespread agriculture, livestock activities, and excessive salinity due to the natural formation. In this study, the performance of the most widely used European diatom indices (IPS, IDG, IBD, EPI-D, TDI, and TI) was tested statistically by comparing them with the indicators of organic pollution (biological oxygen demand and ammonium-nitrogen), eutrophication (orthophosphate and nitrate-nitrogen) and salinization (electrical conductivity) in the Kızılırmak basin, Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 97 diatom samples from 33 rivers were collected seasonally in 2014 and 215 species were identified. Principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the "general degradation" in the basin, and linear regression was used to calculate the correlations with diatom indices. As a result, EPI-D, IPS, IBD, and TI were strongly correlated indices, respectively, while IDG and TDI had the lowest correlations with general degradation. Only the EPI-D index was significantly correlated with all environmental variables. Our results showed that the EPI-D index can be used for the ecological status assessment in terms of phytobenthos in the Kızılırmak basin in line with the Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çetin
- General Directorate of Water Management, T.R. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Nadir Solak
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Elif Yılmaz
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Varol M, Balcı M. Characteristics of effluents from trout farms and their impact on water quality and benthic algal assemblages of the receiving stream. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115101. [PMID: 32623272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, characteristics of effluents from three flow-through rainbow trout farms in Turkey and their impact on water quality and epilithic algal communities of the receiving stream were investigated. Water samples were taken monthly from both inlets and outlets of three fish farms, while both water and epilithic algae samples were collected from two stations (upstream and downstream) in the stream. A significant increase from inlets to outlets was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS), NH4-N and total phosphorus (TP) (p < 0.05) due to no effluent treatment processes and high FCR at the fish farms. The daily average total nitrogen (TN) and TP fluxes of the fish farms predicted with the nutritional method were found close to those measured with the hydrological method. Although there were significant increases in COD, TSS, NH4-N, TN, NO3-N, NO2-N, TP and SRP concentrations at the downstream station compared to the upstream station of the receiving stream (p < 0.05), water quality of the downstream station remained in Class I in terms of examined parameters. Trophic Diatomic Index and Biological Diatom Index values indicated that the upstream station had a better water quality than the downstream station. Also, filamentous algae such as Cladophora glomerata, Ulothrix zonata and Stigeoclonium lubricum were observed at the downstream station. In view of the above findings, several suggestions were put forward to protect the water quality of the receiving stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Fisheries, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Balcı
- DSI IX. Regional Directorate, Keban Dam Fisheries Division, Elazığ, Turkey
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Vasiljević B, Simić SB, Paunović M, Zuliani T, Krizmanić J, Marković V, Tomović J. Contribution to the improvement of diatom-based assessments of the ecological status of large rivers - The Sava River Case Study. Sci Total Environ 2017; 605-606:874-883. [PMID: 28686991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Sava River Basin is a major drainage basin of southeastern Europe, significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Our study was focused on diatom communities as an indicator of the ecological status of running waters. We investigated over 937km of the Sava River at 19 sampling sites. Benthic diatom communities and 17 diatom indices were analyzed along with a large set of environmental parameters. CCA revealed that the most important elements along the spatial gradient were As and Si. Our results show that the species Navicula recens (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bertalot and Eolimna minima (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot are very abundant at downstream localities where the highest concentrations of As were measured. The number of motile diatoms increased along the nutrient gradient, i.e. with Si availability. Correlations between diatom indices and selected environmental factors showed that temperature, As, Si and Fe are in significant negative correlation with most diatom indices. Analysis revealed the influence of As and metals in water on diatoms, although their concentrations did not exceed environmental standards. While our findings do not confirm that diatom indices reveal the intensity of pressures solely caused by nutrient and/or organic pollutants, they suggest that in moderately polluted large rivers benthic diatoms are good bioindicators of multiple pressures, and that diatom indices could serve as indicators of the level of overall degradation of an ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božica Vasiljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Snežana B Simić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jelena Krizmanić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vanja Marković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Tomović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Srivastava P, Grover S, Verma J, Khan AS. Applicability and efficacy of diatom indices in water quality evaluation of the Chambal River in Central India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25955-25976. [PMID: 28940082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatom indices have gained considerable popularity in estimation of the trophic state and degree of pollution in lotic ecosystems. However, their applicability and efficacy have rarely been tested in Indian streams and rivers. In the present study, benthic diatom assemblages were sampled at 27 sites along the Chambal River in Central India. PCA revealed three groups of sites, namely, heavily polluted (HVPL), moderately polluted (MDPL), and least polluted (SANT). A total of 100 diatom taxa belonging to 40 genera were identified. Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) was the most abundant species recorded from the least polluted sites with an average relative abundance of 29.52. Nitzschia amphibia (Grunow) was representative of heavily polluted sites (average relative abundance 31.71) whereas moderately polluted sites displayed a dominance of Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kϋtzing) with an average relative abundance of 26.33. CCA was used to explore the relationship between diatom assemblage composition and environmental variables. Seventeen different diatom indices were calculated using diatom assemblage data. The relationship between measured water quality variables and index scores was also investigated. Most of the diatom indices exhibited strong correlations with water quality variables including BOD, COD, conductivity, and nutrients, particularly phosphate. Best results were obtained for TDI and IPS indices which showed a high level of resolution with respect to discrimination of sites on the basis of pollution gradients. Water quality maps for the Chambal River were hence prepared in accordance with these two indices. However, satisfactory results with respect to water quality evaluation were also obtained by the application of EPI-D and IGD indices. The present study suggests that TDI and IPS are applicable for biomonitoring of rivers of Central India. Diatom indices, which are simpler to use such as IGD, may be considered, at least for a coarser evaluation of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201303, India.
| | - Sarika Grover
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Jyoti Verma
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Ambrina Sardar Khan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201303, India
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Bere T. Challenges of diatom-based biological monitoring and assessment of streams in developing countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:5477-5486. [PMID: 26573306 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stream biomonitoring tools are largely lacking for many developing countries, resulting in adoption of tools developed from other countries/regions. In many instances, however, the applicability of adopted tools to the new system has not been explicitly evaluated. The objective of this study was to test the applicability of foreign diatom-based water quality assessment indices to streams in Zimbabwe, with the view to highlight challenges being faced in diatom-based biological monitoring in this developing country. The study evaluated the relationship between measured water quality variables and diatom index scores and observed some degree of concordance between water quality variables and diatom index scores emphasising the importance of diatom indices in characterisation and monitoring of stream ecological conditions in developing countries. However, ecological requirements of some diatom species need to be clarified and incorporated in a diatom-based water quality assessment protocol unique to these regions. Resources should be channelled towards tackling challenges associated with diatom-based biological monitoring, principally taxonomic studies, training of skilled labour and acquiring and maintaining the necessary infrastructure. Meanwhile, simpler coarse taxonomy-based rapid bioassessment protocol, which is less time and resource consuming and requires less specialised manpower, can be developed for the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taurai Bere
- Department of Freshwater and Fishery Science, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Off Harare-Chirundu Rd, P.Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.
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