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Wang J, Tang K, Wang C, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhu Q. Clinical manifestation score and characterization of cytokines and lymphocytes of dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:229-236. [PMID: 36935113 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231162762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to dimethylacetamide (DMAc) has been reported to cause toxic hepatitis. Sixty spandex workers were included in this study to research the clinical manifestations and expression of cytokines and lymphocytes in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis. Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione and Hugan tablets) were used to treat them. The manifestations including jaundice, asthenia, appetite, nausea, emesis, abdominal distension, yellow urine, and dizziness were scored. The percentages of patients rated as 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-12 points were 33.3%, 43.3%, 21.7%, and 1.7%, respectively, before treatment, and all patients showed 0-3 points after the treatment. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed diffuse intrahepatic hypodensity, intrahepatic calcification, signs of liver injury, and splenomegaly, which improved after therapy. Blood analysis showed that ALT, AST, TBIL, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD3+%, and CD4+/CD8+ statistically decreased after drug treatment. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive linear correlations between ALT and TBIL, AST and TBIL, IL-10 and ATL, IL-10 and AST, IL-10 and TBIL, IFN-γ and IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and CD3+% and ALT. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis reflected an active immune state that decreased after treatment. IL-10 may inhibit the immune response in this disease, as a protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Shengzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qinya Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 612599Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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Woelders H, de Wit AAC, Engel B, Hulsegge B, Grasseau I, Blesbois E, Bernal B, Santiago-Moreno J. Freezing chicken semen: Influence of base medium osmolality, cryoprotectants, cryoprotectant concentration, and cooling rate on post-thaw sperm survival. Cryobiology 2022; 108:67-77. [PMID: 35777425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A classical chicken semen diluent (Lake's 7.1 diluent) was modified to have lowered osmolalities (ranging from 290-410 mOsm/kg). The modified medium with physiological osmolality of 325 mOsm/kg allowed cold storage of fresh semen for several days with very little loss of membrane integrity and motility, while high osmolalities inhibited motility. This modified medium was then used as base for freezing medium to test effects of the type and concentration of cryoprotective agent (CPA), and the cooling rate (CR). A number of CPAs (methylformamide, methylacetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), diethylformamide, and propylene glycol) were first compared by freezing semen with 0.6 mol/l of the respective CPA at a cooling rate of 250°C/min. Post-thaw motility and membrane integrity were highest with DMA and DMF. Finally, in more detailed factorial experiments, semen from individual cocks or pooled semen was frozen using CRs of 4, 50, 250, and 440 °C/min and DMA concentrations ([DMA]) of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.5 mol/l. Straws from each semen sample x treatment combination were divided for semen assessment at three different research groups for sperm motility, membrane integrity, kinked tails, and DNA fragmentation, using microscopy, computer assisted motility analysis, and flow cytometry. There were clear effects of both CR and [DMA] and their interaction. CRs 50 and 250°C/min gave best post-thaw sperm performance. Higher DMA concentrations gave better post-thaw membrane integrity, but concentrations above 1.0 mol/l can decrease sperm velocity or even inhibit sperm motility. Therefore [DMA] may best be 0.6-1.0 mol/l at a CR of 50-250°C/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Woelders
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A A C de Wit
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Hulsegge
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Grasseau
- INRAe 0085 UMR PRC INRAe -CNRS-University François Rabelais-Haras Nationaux, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - E Blesbois
- INRAe 0085 UMR PRC INRAe -CNRS-University François Rabelais-Haras Nationaux, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - B Bernal
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Madrigal-Valverde M, Bittencourt RF, de Lisboa Ribeiro Filho A, Araujo GR, Lents MP, Santos ES, Lima AS, Mattos P. Can amides be alternative cryoprotectors for the preservation of feline semen? Cryobiology 2020; 97:138-143. [PMID: 32976815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a tool for the conservation of the genetic material of animals of genetic importance or for species preservation. In the case of domestic cats, this can be used to generate information about seminal harvest, evaluation and preservation, which is especially important due to its applicability to wild felids. This study evaluated seminal samples harvested by urethral catheterisation from 13 adult domestic cats. Samples were cryopreserved with experimental groups of extenders were defined by the penetrating cryoprotectant: 6% glycerol (GLY6%), 3% dimethylacetamide (DMA3%) and 3% dimethylformamide (DMF3%). The samples were thawed and evaluated by conventional microscopy and by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The structural and functional membrane integrity was assessed by supravital tests (EOS), hypoosmotic swelling tests (HOST) and flow cytometry (FC). There was a correlation (P < 0.05) between total motility and EOS (r = 0.54), HOST and FC (r = -0.62) and total motility and flow cytometry (r = 0.63), indicating that these are complementary parameters that increase the accuracy of the feline sperm quality evaluation post-thaw. The results regarding the structural and functional integrity of the sperm plasma membrane did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups. However, the DMA3% group had a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of morphological changes in the sperm tail compared to samples cryopreserved with GLY6% and DMF3%. Additionally, DMA3% provided lower values of immobile sperm post-thaw when compared to DMF3%. DMA is an interesting alternative to GLY and superior to DMF for the cryopreservation of feline semen at the studied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Madrigal-Valverde
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, CTLSC, 223-21001, San Carlos, Costa Rica; Animal Science Department, University of Costa Rica, Campus Rodrigo Facio, 1501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo F Bittencourt
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil.
| | - Antônio de Lisboa Ribeiro Filho
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Gediendson R Araujo
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Senador Filinto Muller - de 932/933 ao fim, Vila Ipiranga, 79074460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maicon P Lents
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Elisiane S Santos
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Adrielle S Lima
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, Bahía, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40110905, Salvador, Bahía, Brazil
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Jindal AB, Bachhav SS, Devarajan PV. In situ hybrid nano drug delivery system (IHN-DDS) of antiretroviral drug for simultaneous targeting to multiple viral reservoirs: An in vivo proof of concept. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:196-203. [PMID: 28229943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report In situ hybrid nano drug delivery system (IHN-DDS) of nevirapine (NVP) for simultaneous targeting to multiple viral reservoirs. The IHN-DDS system was comprised of a preconcentrate containing NVP, lipid, and a surfactant which when diluted with water resulted in the formation of nanoparticles of size range varied from 70 to 1100nm. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering studies of pellet and supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the IHN-DDS revealed spherical shaped nanoparticles and assembled structures, respectively. Uniform distribution of the NVP in lipid nanoparticles was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biodistribution studies in rats showed significant enhancement of NVP concentration of about 6.1, 5.8 and 3.7 fold in the liver, spleen, and brain, respectively after intravenous administration of IHN-DDS systems compared to plain NVP solution. In conclusion, IHN-DDS systems could be a promising approach for simultaneous multisite targeting and could provide therapeutic benefits in complete eradication of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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Verma HR, Singh KK, Mankhand TR. Liberation of metal clads of waste printed circuit boards by removal of halogenated epoxy resin substrate using dimethylacetamide. Waste Manag 2017; 60:652-659. [PMID: 28041671 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present work reports the evaluation of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent to dissolve the halogenated epoxy resin substrate (HERS) of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Studies revealed that HERS dissolution attributes to the cracking and delamination of WPCB's layers. Variation of the parameters governing the dissolution elucidated that dissolution is directly dependent on temperature and WPCBs concentration in DMAc. The results also showed that increase in the WPCBs size drastically retards the rate of HERS dissolution. After delamination, the spent DMAc was regenerated, and the dissolved HERS was recovered as residue. The chemical structure of regenerated solution and recovered residue were found to be similar to pure DMAc and untreated HERS, respectively. Cyclic usage of regenerated DMAc revealed that 3-5% of DMAc is lost after each usage cycle while its effectiveness to dissolve the HERS remains equivalent to the pure DMAc. The dissolution of HERS ensures the liberation of copper cladded on the surface of WPCBs, and thus the proposed process avoids the requirement of highly energy intensive metal liberation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Ranjan Verma
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Kamalesh K Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Tilak Raj Mankhand
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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Yang CH, Wu TW, Cheng FP, Wang JH, Wu JT. Effects of different cryoprotectants and freezing methods on post-thaw boar semen quality. Reprod Biol 2016; 16:41-6. [PMID: 26952752 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of glycerol (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%) and dimethylacetamide (DMA: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) on post-sperm quality characteristics following semen freezing in dry ice (D) or liquid nitrogen (N). Semen was collected from Duroc boars and was allocated to 32 treatment groups for cryopreservation. Analysis of post-thaw semen quality and fertility after artificial insemination (AI) was used to examine the combinatorial effects of different treatments. The best scores for post-thaw sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm acrosomal integrity were observed in semen frozen in: (a) dry ice in the presence of 5% glycerol and no DMA (16D-treatment); (b) dry ice in the presence of 3% glycerol and no DMA (9D-treatment); and (c) liquid nitrogen in the presence of 3% glycerol and 1% DMA (10N-treatment), with no significant difference observed among these three treatments. The farrowing rates after AI with post-thawed semen after 9D- and 10N-treatments were 33% and 50%, respectively. To summarize, the results of the present study indicated that the freezing extender containing 3% glycerol in combination with the straw-freezing method using dry ice produced the best post-thaw quality parameters of boar semen. Combinations of glycerol and DMA did not enhance the cryosurvival of boar spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsun Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Pang Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Te Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Animal Teaching Hospital, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi City, Taiwan.
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