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Luo Q, Dwaraka VB, Chen Q, Tong H, Zhu T, Seale K, Raffaele JM, Zheng SC, Mendez TL, Chen Y, Carreras N, Begum S, Mendez K, Voisin S, Eynon N, Lasky-Su JA, Smith R, Teschendorff AE. A meta-analysis of immune-cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes. Genome Med 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 37525279 PMCID: PMC10388560 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cell-type composition of tissues are associated with a wide range of diseases and environmental risk factors and may be causally implicated in disease development and progression. However, these shifts in cell-type fractions are often of a low magnitude, or involve similar cell subtypes, making their reliable identification challenging. DNA methylation profiling in a tissue like blood is a promising approach to discover shifts in cell-type abundance, yet studies have only been performed at a relatively low cellular resolution and in isolation, limiting their power to detect shifts in tissue composition. METHODS Here we derive a DNA methylation reference matrix for 12 immune-cell types in human blood and extensively validate it with flow-cytometric count data and in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data of sorted cells. Using this reference matrix, we perform a directional Stouffer and fixed effects meta-analysis comprising 23,053 blood samples from 22 different cohorts, to comprehensively map associations between the 12 immune-cell fractions and common phenotypes. In a separate cohort of 4386 blood samples, we assess associations between immune-cell fractions and health outcomes. RESULTS Our meta-analysis reveals many associations of cell-type fractions with age, sex, smoking and obesity, many of which we validate with single-cell RNA sequencing. We discover that naïve and regulatory T-cell subsets are higher in women compared to men, while the reverse is true for monocyte, natural killer, basophil, and eosinophil fractions. Decreased natural killer counts associated with smoking, obesity, and stress levels, while an increased count correlates with exercise and sleep. Analysis of health outcomes revealed that increased naïve CD4 + T-cell and N-cell fractions associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality independently of all major epidemiological risk factors and baseline co-morbidity. A machine learning predictor built only with immune-cell fractions achieved a C-index value for all-cause mortality of 0.69 (95%CI 0.67-0.72), which increased to 0.83 (0.80-0.86) upon inclusion of epidemiological risk factors and baseline co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS This work contributes an extensively validated high-resolution DNAm reference matrix for blood, which is made freely available, and uses it to generate a comprehensive map of associations between immune-cell fractions and common phenotypes, including health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Varun B Dwaraka
- TruDiagnostics, 881 Corporate Dr., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Qingwen Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huige Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kirsten Seale
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Joseph M Raffaele
- PhysioAge LLC, 30 Central Park South / Suite 8A, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Shijie C Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tavis L Mendez
- TruDiagnostics, 881 Corporate Dr., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Yulu Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Sofina Begum
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Mendez
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, 3011, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ryan Smith
- TruDiagnostics, 881 Corporate Dr., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA.
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Wang L, Xu C, Hu M, Qiao J, Chen W, Li T, Qian S, Yan M. Spatio-temporal variation in tuberculosis incidence and risk factors for the disease in a region of unbalanced socio-economic development. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1817. [PMID: 34627189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research pointed to a close relationship between the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in aging populations and socio-economic conditions, however there has been lack of studies focused on a region of unbalanced socio-economic development. The aim of this paper is to explore the spatio-temporal variation in TB incidence and examine risk determinants of the disease among aging populations in a typical region. METHODS Data on TB-registered cases between 2009 and 2014, in addition to social-economic factors, were collected for each district/county in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, a region characterized by an aging population and disparities in social-economic development. A Bayesian space-time hierarchy model (BSTHM) was used to reveal spatio-temporal variation in the incidence of TB among the elderly in this region between 2009 to 2014. GeoDetector was applied to measure the determinant power (q statistic) of risk factors for TB among the elderly. RESULTS The incidence of TB among the elderly exhibited geographical spatial heterogeneity, with a higher incidence in underdeveloped rural areas compared with that in urban areas. Hotspots of TB incidence risk among the elderly were mostly located in north-eastern and southern areas in the study region, far from metropolitan areas. Areas with low risk were distributed mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan areas. Social-economic factors had a non-linear influence on elderly TB incidence, with the dominant factors among rural populations being income (q = 0.20) and medical conditions (q = 0.17). These factors had a non-linear interactive effect on the incidence of TB among the elderly, with medical conditions and the level of economic development having the strongest effect (q = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS The findings explain spatio-temporal variation in TB incidence and risk determinants of elderly TB in the presence of disparities in social-economic development. High-risk zones were located mainly in rural areas, far from metropolitan centres. Medical conditions and the economic development level were significantly associated with elderly TB incidence, and these factors had a non-linear interactive effect on elderly TB incidence. The findings can help to optimize the allocation of health resources and to control TB transmission in the aging population in this region.
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Yegorov S, Goremykina M, Ivanova R, Good SV, Babenko D, Shevtsov A, MacDonald KS, Zhunussov Y. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and virologic features of COVID-19 patients in Kazakhstan: A nation-wide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 4:100096. [PMID: 33880458 PMCID: PMC8050615 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earliest coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases in Central Asia were announced in March 2020 by Kazakhstan. Despite the implementation of aggressive measures to curb infection spread, gaps remain in the understanding of the clinical and epidemiologic features of the regional pandemic. METHODS We did a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Kazakhstan between February and April 2020. We compared demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of patients with different COVID-19 severities on admission. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with disease severity and in-hospital death. Whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 analysis was performed in 53 patients. FINDINGS Of the 1072 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in March-April 2020, the median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50) and 484 (45%) were male. On admission, 683 (64%) participants had asymptomatic/mild, 341 (32%) moderate, and 47 (4%) severe-to-critical COVID-19 manifestation; 20 in-hospital deaths (1•87%) were reported by 5 May 2020. Multivariable regression indicated increasing odds of severe disease associated with older age (odds ratio 1•05, 95% CI 1•03-1•07, per year increase; p<0•001), the presence of comorbidities (2•34, 95% CI 1•18-4•85; p=0•017) and elevated white blood cell count (WBC, 1•13, 95% CI 1•00-1•27; p=0•044) on admission, while older age (1•09, 95% CI 1•06-1•13, per year increase; p<0•001) and male sex (5•63, 95% CI 2•06-17•57; p=0•001) were associated with increased odds of in-hospital death. The SARS-CoV-2 isolates grouped into seven phylogenetic lineages, O/B.4.1, S/A.2, S/B.1.1, G/B.1, GH/B.1.255, GH/B.1.3 and GR/B.1.1.10; 87% of the isolates were O and S sub-types descending from early Asian lineages, while the G, GH and GR isolates were related to lineages from Europe and the Americas. INTERPRETATION Older age, comorbidities, increased WBC count, and male sex were risk factors for COVID-19 disease severity and mortality in Kazakhstan. The broad SARS-CoV-2 diversity suggests multiple importations and community-level amplification predating travel restriction. FUNDING Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yegorov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Maiya Goremykina
- Department of Rheumatology and Non-Infectious Diseases, Semey Medical University 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Raifa Ivanova
- Department of Rheumatology and Non-Infectious Diseases, Semey Medical University 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Sara V. Good
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - Dmitriy Babenko
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol St, Karaganda, 100008 Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Shevtsov
- National Centre for Biotechnology, 13/5 Kurgalzhynskoye road, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - COVID-19 Genomics Research Group
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Rheumatology and Non-Infectious Diseases, Semey Medical University 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol St, Karaganda, 100008 Kazakhstan
- National Centre for Biotechnology, 13/5 Kurgalzhynskoye road, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E3L5, Canada
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kelly S. MacDonald
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E3L5, Canada
| | - Yersin Zhunussov
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Semey COVID-19 Epidemiology Research Group
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Rheumatology and Non-Infectious Diseases, Semey Medical University 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
- Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, 40 Gogol St, Karaganda, 100008 Kazakhstan
- National Centre for Biotechnology, 13/5 Kurgalzhynskoye road, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E3L5, Canada
- Department of Public Health, Semey Medical University, 103 Abai street, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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