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Takahashi T, de Jong W, Kakizawa H, Kawase M, Matsushita K, Sato N, Takayanagi A. New frontiers in Japanese Forest Policy: Addressing ecosystem disservices in the 21st century. Ambio 2021; 50:2272-2285. [PMID: 34075556 PMCID: PMC8563906 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests are a potential solution to numerous global environmental issues, and their restoration is widely pursued. Forty percent of Japan's forests are planted forests. This has caused the common occurrence of forest ecosystem disservices in the country, like-wildlife damage, pollinosis, and driftwood damage. Forest policy processes in Japan are characterized by incrementalism, central mobilization, and hegemony of career civil servants. Responses to forest ecosystem disservices have changed the central mobilization policy pattern. Punctuated equilibrium theory can be applied to several policy processes in Japan, but it provides only limited explanation for policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices. The responses are influenced by national governance and public administration traditions and cultures. It is relevant to expand research on policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices, recognizing that ideal responses may require unusual approaches not within traditional policy making or outside of established policy cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takahashi
- School of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Wil de Jong
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakizawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808 Japan
| | - Mari Kawase
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Matsushita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Qatarneh AF, Dupont C, Ruiz-Villanueva V, da Silva Perez D, Ashour RM, Piégay H, Franca MJ. Evaluating river driftwood as a feedstock for biochar production. Waste Manag 2021; 134:197-205. [PMID: 34450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Driftwood in river catchments might pose a hazard for the safety of infrastructures, such as dams and river dwellers, and thus is often removed. Génissiat dam in France presents a case study where annually approximately 1300 tons of driftwood are removed to prevent driftwood sinking and to protect the dam infrastructure. Collected river driftwood is rarely studied for utilization purposes and is commonly combusted or landfilled. However, driftwood can be valorized for biochar production through pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This study follows a novel approach in characterizing river driftwood by identifying the different common genera present at Génissiat dam on the upper Rhône, France. Moreover, the research provides for the first time a comprehensive analysis of river driftwood different physico-chemical properties, such as moisture content, major elemental composition (CHNSO), HHV, and macromolecular composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives). The study shows that the transportation of driftwood through rivers can enhance its properties by reducing the bark content resulting in lower ash content. Results indicate that driftwood can be mixed and further processed as a feedstock regardless of their genera and type for biochar production by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Qatarneh
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Capucine Dupont
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Denilson da Silva Perez
- FCBA, InTechFibres/BIOSENSE Division, Domaine Universitaire, CS 90251, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hervé Piégay
- University of Lyon, CNRS UMR 5600, EVS - ENS Lyon, Lyon F-69363, France
| | - Mário J Franca
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Murphy E, Nistor I, Cornett A, Wilson J, Pilechi A. Fate and transport of coastal driftwood: A critical review. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112649. [PMID: 34198151 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Driftwood originating from natural and anthropogenic sources is abundant in coastal regions and plays an important role in ecosystems, providing habitat, structure, nutrients, and carbon storage. Conversely, large accumulations of driftwood can litter coastal zones, negatively impact coastal ecosystems and pose hazards to navigation, infrastructure and communities. Knowledge of the processes underlying the fate and transport of coastal driftwood is therefore needed to inform sustainable management practices. The present state of understanding is limited, and predominantly founded on studies of rivers and tsunamis, where the spatio-temporal scales and driving processes are significantly different from typical climatic or storm conditions in coastal waters. The authors critically review research on fate and transport of driftwood in coastal waters, and identify research needs and opportunities. Key knowledge gaps relate to: interactions between driftwood, littoral zone hydrodynamics and geomorphology; mechanisms of driftwood rafting and accumulation; and influence of weathering and degradation on mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda Murphy
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ocean, Coastal & River Engineering Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ioan Nistor
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew Cornett
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ocean, Coastal & River Engineering Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jessica Wilson
- Northwest Hydraulic Consultants, North Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abolghasem Pilechi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ocean, Coastal & River Engineering Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Greggio N, Carlini C, Contin A, Soldano M, Marazza D. Exploitable fish waste and stranded beach debris in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy). Waste Manag 2018; 78:566-575. [PMID: 32559946 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within Circular Economy principles, this paper analyses and estimates exploitable marine residues, such as fish waste and stranded debris in beaches and their potential valorisation scenarios. The Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) has been chosen as a case study. Based on the sold fish, about 200 Mg/year of fish waste are produced at the five major fish markets of the Region. Including all regional fish processing plants and retail trade, the estimated availability of fish waste increases up to 30,000 Mg/year. Stranded beach debris collected by mechanical cleaning operations are currently deposited in landfill. About 63,000 Mg/year of sieved debris are collected each year, out of which the recoverable fractions consist of 19,000 Mg/year of organic material, 8,000 Mg/year of shells and 5,200 Mg/year of stones. Classification and valorisation routes for these residual biomasses are proposed and their applicability to other regions discussed. In order to investigate the possible use in anaerobic digestion plants and the effects on biogas production, Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assays have been carried out with fish waste samples and with organic material found in marine debris. Salt content in driftwood has been quantified to assess its potential use in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants. Proposed valorisation routes for shells and stones include the production of calcium carbonate (cement industry, wastewater treatment and mulching) and the application in building industry, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Greggio
- CIRSA Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Carlini
- CIRSA Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Andrea Contin
- CIRSA Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Bologna, Viale B. Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Soldano
- CRPA Lab Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali S.p.A., Viale Timavo 43/2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Diego Marazza
- CIRSA Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Bologna, Viale B. Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Bartocci P, Barbanera M, D'Amico M, Laranci P, Cavalaglio G, Gelosia M, Ingles D, Bidini G, Buratti C, Cotana F, Fantozzi F. Thermal degradation of driftwood: Determination of the concentration of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine and sulfur containing compounds. Waste Manag 2017; 60:151-157. [PMID: 27596944 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The annual production of driftwood in Italy has been estimated to be more than 60,000 tonnes. This wood can be used as an energy source. Particular attention should be paid to its content of alkali and alkaline earth metals, sulfur and chlorine. Few works are available in the literature on this topic. For this reason, the authors propose experimental tests of combustion, gasification and pyrolysis, to evaluate the fate of alkali and alkaline earth metals, sulfur and chlorine in the solid residues and compare the three thermal degradation technologies. The results show a release of alkaline earth metals of about 45% of the initial quantity for gasification and a release of 55% of the initial quantity for combustion (while pyrolysis at 600°C has a very low release). The release of sodium is about 65% for gasification and 80% for combustion. It can be seen that the release of sodium is higher than that of alkaline earth metals; this is due to the divalency of the last ones. Dealing with the release of major elements (chlorine, sulfur and AAEMs) the tests have shown that pyrolysis process is a low emitting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bartocci
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Barbanera
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - M D'Amico
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Laranci
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Cavalaglio
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gelosia
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Ingles
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bidini
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Buratti
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Cotana
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fantozzi
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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Kustatscher E, Falcon-Lang H, Lukeneder A. Early Cretaceous araucarian driftwood from hemipelagic sediments of the Puez area, South Tyrol, Italy. Cretac Res 2013; 41:270-276. [PMID: 27239083 PMCID: PMC4872526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a calcareously permineralised fossil tree-trunk, preserved as driftwood, within hemipelagic sediments of the Cretaceous Puez Formation near Wolkenstein, South Tyrol, Italy. Planktic foraminiferal assemblages recovered from the marls containing the fossil wood indicate a latest middle Albian age. Based on its wood anatomy, the trunk is assigned to Agathoxylon and probably has an affinity with the conifer family Araucariaceae. The wood lacks pronounced tree-rings consistent with tree growth within the broad humid tropical belt that existed at that time. The trunk contains cylindrical chambers filled within faecal pellets, demonstrating that oribatid mites infested the tree, either during life, or shortly after death. Prior to final burial, the tree-trunk drifted out into the open sea for a considerable period as indicated by extensive borings assigned to the ichnospecies Teredolites longissimus and produced by teredinid bivalves. Relatively little is known about the Cretaceous floras of Italy, so this new finding fills a gap in our knowledge of the composition and ecology of the vegetation of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Falcon-Lang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Alexander Lukeneder
- Natural History Museum, Geological-Palaeontological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, Austria
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