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Wang X, Jia S, Xu YJ, Liu Z, Mao B. Dual stable isotopes to rethink the watershed-scale spatiotemporal interaction between surface water and groundwater. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119728. [PMID: 38086122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between groundwater and surface water, including their recharge relationship and ratio, is crucial for water cycling, management, and pollution control. However, accurately estimating their spatiotemporal interaction at the watershed scale remains challenging. In this study, we used dual stable isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, d-excess, and lc-excess) and hydrochemistry methods to rethink spatiotemporal interaction at the Yiluo River watershed in central China. We collected 20 groundwater and 40 surface water samples over four periods in two seasons (dry and wet). Our results showed that in the downstream region, groundwater recharged surface water in the dry season while surface water recharged groundwater in the wet season, with average recharge ratios of 89.82% and 90.02%, respectively. In the midstream region, surface water recharged groundwater in both seasons with average ratios of 93.79% and 91.35%. In contrast, in the upstream region, groundwater recharged surface water in both seasons with ratios of 67.35% and 76.89%. Seasonal changes in the recharge relationship between surface water and groundwater in the downstream region also been found. Our findings provide valuable insights for watershed-scale water resource and pollution management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Shunqing Jia
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 227 Highland Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Zejun Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Boyang Mao
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zhou J, Hu M, Liu M, Yuan J, Ni M, Zhou Z, Chen D. Combining the multivariate statistics and dual stable isotopes methods for nitrogen source identification in coastal rivers of Hangzhou Bay, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:82903-82916. [PMID: 35759093 PMCID: PMC9244199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal rivers contributed the majority of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads to coastal waters, often resulting in eutrophication and hypoxia zones. Accurate N source identification is critical for optimizing coastal river N pollution control strategies. Based on a 2-year seasonal record of dual stable isotopes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and water quality parameters, this study combined the dual stable isotope-based MixSIAR model and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model to elucidate N dynamics and sources in two coastal rivers of Hangzhou Bay. Water quality/trophic level indices indicated light-to-moderate eutrophication status for the studied rivers. Spatio-temporal variability of water quality was associated with seasonal agricultural, aquaculture, and domestic activities, as well as the seasonal precipitation pattern. The APCS-MLR model identified soil + domestic wastewater (69.5%) and aquaculture tailwater (22.2%) as the major nitrogen pollution sources. The dual stable isotope-based MixSIAR model identified soil N, aquaculture tailwater, domestic wastewater, and atmospheric deposition N contributions of 35.3 ±21.1%, 29.7 ±17.2%, 27.9 ±14.5%, and 7.2 ±11.4% to riverine [Formula: see text] in the Cao'e River (CER) and 34.4 ±21.3%, 29.5 ±17.2%, 27.4 ±14.7%, and 8.7 ±12.8% in the Jiantang River (JTR), respectively. The APCS-MLR model and the dual stable isotope-based MixSIAR model showed consistent results for riverine N source identification. Combining these two methods for riverine N source identifications effectively distinguished the mix-source components from the APCS-MLR method and alleviated the high cost of stable isotope analysis, thereby providing reliable N source apportionment results with low requirements for water quality sampling and isotope analysis costs. This study highlights the importance of soil N management and aquaculture tailwater treatment in coastal river N pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minpeng Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kang X, Niu Y, Yu H, Gou P, Hou Q, Lu X, Wu Y. Effect of rainfall-runoff process on sources and transformations of nitrate using a combined approach of dual isotopes, hydrochemical and Bayesian model in the Dagang River basin. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155674. [PMID: 35523324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of agricultural nitrogen through inflow rivers is crucial for lake aquatic environment conservation, while nitrate is the main form of non-point source pollution of agricultural nitrogen in watersheds. Therefore, understanding the nitrate sources and transformation in the intensive-agricultural region was particularly concerned. Nitrate sources and transformation varied largely during some crucial periods or events. However, low-resolution sampling campaigns increased some uncertainties due to without considering the effect of key driving factors for identifying nitrate transformations and sources. In our study, high-frequency sampling and analysis of nitrogen and oxygen isotope, hydrochemical and Bayesian model was conducted at the Dagang River to capture nitrate sources and transformations and identify its response to rainfall-runoff process at the event scale. In addition, the N cycle process was refined by comparing the variation and relationship of water quality factors and isotopes before, during, and after rainfall. We found that nitrate and major ions derived from similar agricultural activities caused by anthropogenic factors, such as domestic sewage from rural residents and livestock waste, through field survey and principal component analysis. The δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in Dagang River ranged from +0.05‰ to +9.94‰ and + 1.49‰ to +11.64‰, respectively. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate isotopes and hydrochemical compositions of river water suggested that nitrification was the dominant nitrate transformation process although the mixing effect occurred in some periods, especially during, and after the rainfall. The relationship between NO3-/Cl- and Cl- ratios suggested the occurrence of denitrification in downstream of the river basin after the rainfall. The results of Bayesian model showed that livestock manure and groundwater contributed to the most (66.4 ± 31.9%) nitrate, which indicated the necessity to establish its regulatory policy to avoid the overuse of livestock manure and groundwater in Dagang River. This study benefit for developing concrete and legible management and conservation strategies for decreasing the effect of anthropogenic nitrogen loading on lake eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Peng Gou
- Research Center of Big Data Technology, Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314000, China; Advanced Institute of Big Data, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinyao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Ryu HS, Kang TW, Kim K, Nam TH, Han YU, Kim J, Kim MS, Lim H, Seo KA, Lee K, Yoon SH, Hwang SH, Na EH, Lee JH. Tracking nitrate sources in agricultural-urban watershed using dual stable isotope and Bayesian mixing model approach: Considering N transformation by Lagrangian sampling. J Environ Manage 2021; 300:113693. [PMID: 34547573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A dual isotopes approach and the Bayesian isotope mixing model were applied to trace nitrogen pollution sources and to quantify their relative contribution to river water quality. We focused on two points to enhance the applicability of the method: 1) Direct measurement on the end-members to distinguish "sewage" and "manure" which used to be grouped in one pollution source as their isotope ranges overlap; 2) The Lagrangian sampling method was applied to consider the transport of nitrogen pollutants in a long river so that any fractionation process can be dealt with in the given Bayesian modeling framework. The results of the analysis confirmed the NO3- isotope composition in the river of interest to be within the range of NO3- with origins in "NH4+ in fertilizer", "Soil N", and "Manure and sewage" pollution. This suggests that nitrogen pollution is mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources. The δ18O NO3 value follows the range +2.5∼+15.0‰, implying that NO3- in the river is mainly derived from nitrification, and possible nitrification in groundwater or waterfront other than surface water. The ratio of the concentration of δ15N NO3 to that of δ18O NO3, and the corresponding regression equation indicates that the denitrification effect in surface water was insignificant during the study period. From the results of the contribution ratio of each source, improving the water quality of the discharge from the sewage treatment plants was proved to be the key factor to reduce nitrogen pollution in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Seong Ryu
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Daegu, 43008, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Woo Kang
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghyun Kim
- Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hui Nam
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Un Han
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejung Lim
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ae Seo
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyounghee Lee
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Hee Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Hong Hwang
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Na
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Kyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Hu M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Dahlgren RA, Chen D. Coupling stable isotopes and water chemistry to assess the role of hydrological and biogeochemical processes on riverine nitrogen sources. Water Res 2019; 150:418-430. [PMID: 30557828 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Accurate source identification is critical for optimizing water pollution control strategies. Although the dual stable isotope (15N-NO3-/18O-NO3-) approach has been widely applied for differentiating riverine nitrogen (N) sources, the relatively short-term (<1 yr) 15N-NO3-/18O-NO3- records typically used in previous studies often hinders rigorous assessment due to high temporal variability associated with watershed N dynamics. Estimated contributions of legacy N sources in soils and groundwater to riverine N export by modeling approaches in many previous studies also lack validation from complementary information, such as multiple stable isotopes. This study integrated three years of multiple stable isotope (15N-NO3-/18O-NO3- and 2H-H2O/18O-H2O) and hydrochemistry measurements for river water, groundwater and rainfall to elucidate N dynamics and sources in the Yongan watershed (2474 km2) of eastern China. Nonpoint source N pollution dominated and displayed considerable seasonal and spatial variability in N forms and concentrations. Information from δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- indicated that riverine N dynamics were regulated by contributing sources, nitrification and denitrification, as well as hydrological processes. For the three examined catchments and entire watershed, slow subsurface and groundwater flows accounted for >75% of river discharge and were likely the major hydrological pathways for N delivery to the river. Riverine NO3- sources varied with dominant land use (p < 0.001), with the highest contributions of groundwater (60%), wastewater (35%), and soil (50%) occurring in agricultural, residential and forest catchments, respectively. For the entire watershed, groundwater (∼50%) and soil N (>30%) were the dominant riverine NO3- sources, implying considerable potential for N pollution legacy effects. Results were consistent with observed nitrous oxide dynamics and N sources identified in previous modeling studies. As the first attempt to apply multiple isotope tracers for exploring and quantifying N transformation and transport pathways, this study provides an integrated approach for verifying and understanding the N pollution legacy effects observed in many watersheds worldwide. This study highlights that river N pollution control in many watersheds requires particular attention to groundwater restoration and soil N management in addition to N input control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang J, Fu B, Lu N, Zhang L. Seasonal variation in water uptake patterns of three plant species based on stable isotopes in the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:27-37. [PMID: 28734247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water is a limiting factor and significant driving force for ecosystem processes in arid and semi-arid areas. Knowledge of plant water uptake pattern is indispensable for understanding soil-plant interactions and species coexistence. The 'Grain for Green' project that started in 1999 in the Loess Plateau of China has led to large scale vegetation change. However, little is known about the water uptake patterns of the main plant species that inhabit in this region. In this study, the seasonal variations in water uptake patterns of three representative plant species, Stipa bungeana, Artemisia gmelinii and Vitex negundo, that are widely distributed in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, were identified by using dual stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O in plant and soil water coupled with a Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR. The soil water at the 0-120cm depth contributed 79.54±6.05% and 79.94±8.81% of the total water uptake of S. bungeana and A. gmelinii, respectively, in the growing season. The 0-40cm soil contributed the most water in July (74.20±15.20%), and the largest proportion of water (33.10±15.20%) was derived from 120-300cm soils in August for A. gmelinii. However, V. negundo obtained water predominantly from surface soil horizons (0-40cm) and then switched to deep soil layers (120-300cm) as the season progressed. This suggested that V. negundo has a greater degree of ecological plasticity as it could explore water sources from deeper soils as the water stress increased. This capacity can mainly be attributed to its functionally dimorphic root system. V. negundo may have a competitive advantage when encountering short-term drought. The ecological plasticity of plant water use needs to be considered in plant species selection and ecological management and restoration of the arid and semi-arid ecosystems in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Ma Y, Song X. Using stable isotopes to determine seasonal variations in water uptake of summer maize under different fertilization treatments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550:471-483. [PMID: 26845183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization and water both affect root water uptake in the nutrient and water cycle of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Continuum (SPAC). In this study, dual stable isotopes (D and (18)O) were used to determine seasonal variations in water uptake patterns of summer maize under different fertilization treatments in Beijing, China during 2013-2014. The contributions of soil water at different depths to water uptake were quantified by the MixSIAR Bayesian mixing model. Water uptake was mainly sourced from soil water in the 0-20cm depth at the seeding (67.7%), jointing (60.5%), tasseling (47.5%), dough (41.4%), and harvest (43.9%) stages, and the 20-50cm depth at the milk stage (32.8%). Different levels of fertilization application led to considerable differences in the proportional contribution of soil water at 0-20cm (6.0-58.5%) and 20-50cm (6.1-26.3%). There was little difference of contributions in the deep layers (50-200cm) among treatments in 2013, whereas differences were observed in 50-90cm at the milk stage and 50-200cm at the dough stage during 2014. The main water uptake depth was concentrated in the upper soil layers (0-50cm) during the wet season (2013), whereas a seasonal drought in 2014 promoted the contribution of soil water in deep layers. The contribution of soil water was significantly and positively correlated with the proportions of root length (r=0.753, p<0.01). The changes of soil water distribution were consistent with the seasonal variation in water uptake patterns. The present study identified water sources for summer maize under varying fertilization treatments and provided scientific implications for fertilization and irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China.
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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