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Masnadi MS, McGaughy K, Falls J, Tarnoczi T. LCA model validation of SAGD facilities with real operation data as a collaborative example between model developers and industry. iScience 2022; 26:105859. [PMID: 36685036 PMCID: PMC9845793 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a notable disagreement between life cycle GHG emission estimates reported by research communities and key energy sector stakeholders as many LCA models are not validated against real operation data. This is originated from lack of collaboration and knowledge exchange between model developers and company experts. We present a pragmatic procedure for engaging company experts to advance the assumptions, models, and information used in an open-source LCA simulator (OPGEE). Using real operation and local emission factor data, two oil sands SAGD fields GHG emissions are compared rigorously against the scope 1 and 2 reported emissions. By introducing consistent region-specific input data, system boundaries, and assumptions, OPGEE carbon intensity estimates are within 1%-5% of reported data by companies. The system boundary expansion (e.g., expanding from direct emissions to also include offsite emissions from natural gas co-production, diluent source emission) impacts the GHG intensities estimates for both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Masnadi
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara St, 940 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence
| | - Kyle McGaughy
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O’Hara St, 940 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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2
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Abstract
Reducing CO2 emissions from coal-fired electricity generation in China is critical to limit global warming. Long-term projections of China's electricity supply tend to assume that coal generation will be a mainstay of China's electricity system through 2050, due to limitations in the scalability of hydropower, nuclear, and natural gas generation and the commercial availability of carbon capture and storage. This paper examines the resource, economic, and institutional implications of reducing and replacing coal generation in China with mostly renewable energy and energy storage by 2040. We find that the scale of solar, wind, and storage resources needed to do so is on the order of 100–150 GW/year of solar and wind capacity and 15 GW/year of energy storage from 2020 to 2025, growing to 250 GW/year and 90 GW/year, respectively, from 2025 to 2040. We then also evaluate the sensitivities if coal plants are retired by 2050. Retiring all coal generation capacity by 2040 is feasible in China New electricity demand should be met with noncoal generation All coal plants should be replaced by the end of its original depreciation time A rapid scale-up in solar, wind, and storage resources is needed
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrich Kahrl
- 3rdRail Inc., Berkeley, CA 94702, United States.,University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jiang Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.,University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Xu Liu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.,Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.,North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Li Y, Song X, Luo X, Ke Z, Zou Y. Design, synthesis, and physicochemical study of a biomass-derived CO 2 sorbent 2,5-furan-bis(iminoguanidine). iScience 2021; 24:102263. [PMID: 33796847 PMCID: PMC7995611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the concept of biomass-based direct air capture is proposed, and the aminoguanidine CO2 chemical sorbent 2,5-furan-bis(iminoguanidine) (FuBIG) was designed, synthesized, and elucidated for the physicochemical properties in the process of CO2 capture and release. Results showed that the aqueous solution of FuBIG could readily capture CO2 from ambient air and provided an insoluble tetrahydrated carbonate salt FuBIGH2(CO3) (H2O)4 with a second order kinetics. Hydrogen binding modes of iminoguanidine cations with carbonate ions and water were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Equilibrium constant (K) and the enthalpies (ΔH) for CO2 absorption/release were obtained by thermodynamic and kinetic analysis (K7 = 5.97 × 104, ΔH7 = -116.1 kJ/mol, ΔH8 = 209.31 kJ/mol), and the CO2-release process was conformed to the geometrical phase-boundary model (1-(1-α)1/3 = kt). It was found that the FuBIGH2(CO3) (H2O)4 can release CO2 spontaneously in DMSO without heating. Zebrafish models revealed a favorable biocompatibility of FuBIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xianheng Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
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4
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Qin L, Yang L, Yang J, Weber R, Ranguelova K, Liu X, Lin B, Li C, Zheng M, Liu G. Photoinduced formation of persistent free radicals, hydrogen radicals, and hydroxyl radicals from catechol on atmospheric particulate matter. iScience 2021; 24:102193. [PMID: 33718842 PMCID: PMC7920856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechol is speculated to be a potential precursor of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in the atmosphere. EPFRs absorbed on PM2.5 have attracted public attention because their toxicity is similar to cigarette smoke. In this study, we found that catechol could produce EPFRs, which were oxygen-centered phenoxy and semiquinone radicals. These free radical species had half-lives of up to 382 days. CaO, CuO, and Fe2O3 markedly promoted EPFR formation from catechol. The valence states of Cu and Fe changed during the photochemical reactions of catechol but no valence state changed for Ca. Alkaline nature of CaO is possibly the key for promoting the free radical formations through acid-base reactions with catechol. In addition to hydroxyl free radicals, hydrogen free radicals and superoxide anions formed from the photochemical reactions of catechol were first discovered. This is of concern because of the adverse effects of these free radicals on human health. Photochemical mechanism of persistent free radicals from catechol was clarified Significant free radicals were formed via photochemical reactions of catechol •H and O2•− were first discovered from the photochemical reactions of catechol This study is important for better recognizing DNA damage of air inhalation of PM2.5
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Ralph Weber
- Bruker BioSpin Corp, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Roberts P, Buhrich A, Caetano-Andrade V, Cosgrove R, Fairbairn A, Florin SA, Vanwezer N, Boivin N, Hunter B, Mosquito D, Turpin G, Ferrier Å. Reimagining the relationship between Gondwanan forests and Aboriginal land management in Australia's "Wet Tropics". iScience 2021; 24:102190. [PMID: 33718840 PMCID: PMC7921842 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Wet Tropics" of Australia host a unique variety of plant lineages that trace their origins to the super-continent of Gondwanaland. While these "ancient" evolutionary records are rightly emphasized in current management of the region, multidisciplinary research and lobbying by Rainforest Aboriginal Peoples have also demonstrated the significance of the cultural heritage of the "Wet Tropics." Here, we evaluate the existing archeological, paleoenvironmental, and historical evidence to demonstrate the diverse ways in which these forests are globally significant, not only for their ecological heritage but also for their preservation of traces of millennia of anthropogenic activities, including active burning and food tree manipulation. We argue that detailed paleoecological, ethnobotanical, and archeological studies, working within the framework of growing national and world heritage initiatives and active application of traditional knowledge, offer the best opportunities for sustainable management of these unique environments in the face of increasingly catastrophic climate change and bushfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alice Buhrich
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Victor Caetano-Andrade
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
| | - Richard Cosgrove
- Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Fairbairn
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - S. Anna Florin
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nils Vanwezer
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barry Hunter
- Djabugay Aboriginal Corporation, Kuranda, Australia
| | - Desley Mosquito
- Wabubadda Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC, Jirrbal Aboriginal People, Atherton, Australia
| | - Gerry Turpin
- Tropical Indigenous Ethnobotany Centre, Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD 4879, Australia
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Mount Coot-tha Botanical Gardens, Mount Cooth-tha Road, Toowong, QLD 4066, Australia
| | - Åsa Ferrier
- Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Ghirardelli A, Tarolli P, Kameswari Rajasekaran M, Mudbhatkal A, Macklin MG, Masin R. Organic contaminants in Ganga basin: from the Green Revolution to the emerging concerns of modern India. iScience 2021; 24:102122. [PMID: 33665550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ganga basin includes some of the most densely populated areas in the world, in a region characterized by extremely high demographic and economic growth rates. Although anthropogenic pressure in this area is increasing, the pollution status of the Ganga is still poorly studied and understood. In the light of this, we have carried out a systematic literature review of the sources, levels and spatiotemporal distribution of organic pollutants in surface water and sediment of the Ganga basin, including for the first time emerging contaminants (ECs). We have identified 61 publications over the past thirty years, with data on a total of 271 organic compounds, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, and by-products, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). The most studied organic contaminants are pesticides, whereas knowledge of industrial compounds and PPCPs, among which some of the major ECs, is highly fragmentary. Most studies focus on the main channel of the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Gomti, and the deltaic region, while most of the Ganga's major tributaries, and the entire southern part of the catchment, have not been investigated. Hotspots of contamination coincide with major urban agglomerations, including Delhi, Kolkata, Kanpur, Varanasi, and Patna. Pesticides levels have decreased at most of the sites over recent decades, while potentially harmful concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds (OTCs), and some PPCPs have been detected in the last ten years. Considering the limited geographical coverage of sampling and number of analyzed compounds, this review highlights the need for a more careful selection of locations, compounds and environmental matrices, prioritizing PPCPs and catchment-scale, source-to-sink studies.
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Fu T, Knittelfelder O, Geffard O, Clément Y, Testet E, Elie N, Touboul D, Abbaci K, Shevchenko A, Lemoine J, Chaumot A, Salvador A, Degli-Esposti D, Ayciriex S. Shotgun lipidomics and mass spectrometry imaging unveil diversity and dynamics in Gammarus fossarum lipid composition. iScience 2021; 24:102115. [PMID: 33615205 PMCID: PMC7881238 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel species are playing an indispensable role in monitoring environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Many pollutants found in water prove to be endocrine disrupting chemicals that could cause disruptions in lipid homeostasis in aquatic species. A comprehensive profiling of the lipidome of these species is thus an essential step toward understanding the mechanism of toxicity induced by pollutants. Both the composition and spatial distribution of lipids in freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum were extensively examined herein. The baseline lipidome of gammarids of different sex and reproductive stages was established by high throughput shotgun lipidomics. Spatial lipid mapping by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging led to the discovery of sulfate-based lipids in hepatopancreas and their accumulation in mature oocytes. A diverse and dynamic lipid composition in G. fossarum was uncovered, which deepens our understanding of the biochemical changes during development and which could serve as a reference for future ecotoxicological studies. Baseline lipidome profiling of G. fossarum of different sex and reproductive stages Spatial localization of lipids in gammarid tissue by mass spectrometry imaging SIMS imaging guided discovery of sulfate-based lipids in hepatopancreas epithelium Disclosure of a dynamic lipid composition in maturing female oocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yohann Clément
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Testet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Khedidja Abbaci
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Lemoine
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Ecotoxicology Team, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Corresponding author
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8
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Ward JW, Michalek JJ, Samaras C, Azevedo IL, Henao A, Rames C, Wenzel T. The impact of Uber and Lyft on vehicle ownership, fuel economy, and transit across U.S. cities. iScience 2021; 24:101933. [PMID: 33532711 PMCID: PMC7835256 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimate the effects of transportation network companies (TNCs) Uber and Lyft on vehicle ownership, fleet average fuel economy, and transit use in U.S. urban areas using a set of difference-in-difference propensity score-weighted regression models that exploit staggered market entry across the U.S. from 2011 to 2017. We find evidence that TNC entry into urban areas causes an average 0.7% increase in vehicle registrations with significant heterogeneity in these effects across urban areas: TNC entry produces larger vehicle ownership increases in urban areas with higher initial ownership (car-dependent cities) and in urban areas with lower population growth (where TNC-induced vehicle adoption outpaces population growth). We also find no statistically significant average effect of TNC entry on fuel economy or transit use but find evidence of heterogeneity in these effects across urban areas, including larger transit ridership reductions after TNC entry in areas with higher income and more childless households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Ward
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Michalek
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Constantine Samaras
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Inês L. Azevedo
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Clement Rames
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Tom Wenzel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Jing R, Hastings A, Guo M. Sustainable Design of Urban Rooftop Food-Energy-Land Nexus. iScience 2020; 23:101743. [PMID: 33225248 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban rooftop functional design offers a promising option to enable multi-function urban land-use to deliver multiple ecosystem services, e.g., food production by rooftop agriculture and energy supply by installing photovoltaic (PV) panels. To identify the best rooftop utilization strategy considering multiple decision criteria and understand the impact of rooftop solution on the design of urban energy systems, we propose a whole system modeling framework that integrates biogeochemical simulation and multi-objective energy system optimization. We apply the framework to evaluate three rooftop agriculture options, namely, basic rooftop farming, unconditioned greenhouse, and conditioned greenhouse, and one rooftop energy supply option, i.e., PV panels, for an urban energy eco-design case in Shanghai, China. Enabling rooftop agriculture options brings more flexibility to the design and operation of energy systems. PV panels provide cost-optimal solutions, whereas conditioned greenhouse potentially delivers environmentally sustainable land-use by contributing to climate regulation ecosystem services. Propose a holistic approach for optimizing urban rooftop multi-functional land-use Biogeochemical simulations are integrated with energy system design optimization Rooftop agriculture options can increase the flexibility of energy system design PV is a cost-optimal option, and conditioned greenhouse offers a GHG-optimal option
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10
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Wen X, Chen YH, Li R, Ge MH, Yin SW, Wu JJ, Huang JH, Liu H, Wang PZ, Gross E, Wu ZX. Signal Decoding for Glutamate Modulating Egg Laying Oppositely in Caenorhabditis elegans under Varied Environmental Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101588. [PMID: 33089099 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals' ability to sense environmental cues and to integrate this information to control fecundity is vital for continuing the species lineage. In this study, we observed that the sensory neurons Amphid neuron (ASHs and ADLs) differentially regulate egg-laying behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans under varied environmental conditions via distinct neuronal circuits. Under standard culture conditions, ASHs tonically release a small amount of glutamate and inhibit Hermaphrodite specific motor neuron (HSN) activities and egg laying via a highly sensitive Glutamate receptor (GLR)-5 receptor. In contrast, under Cu2+ stimulation, ASHs and ADLs may release a large amount of glutamate and inhibit Amphid interneuron (AIA) interneurons via low-sensitivity Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GLC)-3 receptor, thus removing the inhibitory roles of AIAs on HSN activity and egg laying. However, directly measuring the amount of glutamate released by sensory neurons under different conditions and assaying the binding kinetics of receptors with the neurotransmitter are still required to support this study directly. Short-term exposure of CuSO4 evokes hyperactive egg laying ASHs inhibit HSNs and egg laying via GLR-5 receptor under no Cu2+ treatment AIA interneurons suppress HSNs and thus egg laying through ACR-14 signaling Under noxious Cu2+ treatment, ASHs and ADLs suppress AIAs and augment egg laying
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11
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de Jonge PA, von Meijenfeldt FB, Costa AR, Nobrega FL, Brouns SJ, Dutilh BE. Adsorption Sequencing as a Rapid Method to Link Environmental Bacteriophages to Hosts. iScience 2020; 23:101439. [PMID: 32823052 PMCID: PMC7452251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An important viromics challenge is associating bacteriophages to hosts. To address this, we developed adsorption sequencing (AdsorpSeq), a readily implementable method to measure phages that are preferentially adsorbed to specific host cell envelopes. AdsorpSeq thus captures the key initial infection cycle step. Phages are added to cell envelopes, adsorbed phages are isolated through gel electrophoresis, after which adsorbed phage DNA is sequenced and compared with the full virome. Here, we show that AdsorpSeq allows for separation of phages based on receptor-adsorbing capabilities. Next, we applied AdsorpSeq to identify phages in a wastewater virome that adsorb to cell envelopes of nine bacteria, including important pathogens. We detected 26 adsorbed phages including common and rare members of the virome, a minority being related to previously characterized phages. We conclude that AdsorpSeq is an effective new tool for rapid characterization of environmental phage adsorption, with a proof-of-principle application to Gram-negative host cell envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. de Jonge
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Rita Costa
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Franklin L. Nobrega
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Stan J.J. Brouns
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Barron A, Sparks TD. Commercial Marine-Degradable Polymers for Flexible Packaging. iScience 2020; 23:101353. [PMID: 32745984 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is entering the world's oceans at alarming rates and is expected to outweigh fish populations by 2050. This plastic waste originates from land-based applications, like consumer product packaging, and is composed of high-durability polyolefins. These conventional plastics possess desirable properties, including high chemical stability, moisture barrier, and thermoplastic characteristics. Unfortunately, if these materials reach marine environments, they fragment into microplastics that cannot be biologically assimilated. The aim of this review is to investigate commercial polymers that are biodegradable in marine environments but have comparable product stability and moisture barrier properties to polyolefins. Among commercially available biopolymers, thermoplastic starches (TPS) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been shown to biodegrade in marine environments. Moreover, these biopolymers are thermoplastics and possess similar thermoforming properties to polyolefins. At present, TPS and PHAs have limitations, including chemical instability, limited moisture barrier properties, and high production costs. To replace conventional polymers with PHAs and TPS, these properties must be improved.
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Adjonou K, Abotsi KE, Segla KN, Rabiou H, Houetchegnon T, Sourou KNB, Johnson BN, Ouinsavi CAIN, Kokutse AD, Mahamane A, Kokou K. Vulnerability of African Rosewood ( Pterocarpus erinaceus, Fabaceae) natural stands to climate change and implications for silviculture in West Africa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04031. [PMID: 32518851 PMCID: PMC7270547 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterocarpus erinaceus is a native tree species of the Guineo-Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian zones where natural stands are under constant pressure and heavily exploited for timber, animal feeding and others uses. A part from the overexploitation, climate change could also become a serious threat to the species natural distribution. For that purposes, this study aims to assess the vulnerability of P. erinaceus potential niche to climate change within its natural distribution area in West Africa. Niche predictions are based on 6,981 natural occurrence of the species and 19 global bioclimatic variables available through WorldClim. The future niche of the species is predicted according to three concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) of BC model for 2050 and 2070, thanks to Maxent software. P. erinaceus is currently reported from Senegal to Cameroon. Its potential niche covers the Sudano-Sahelian zone and the Dahomey gap on approximately 17.42% of the total area of these countries. In general, the niche of the species is not sensitive to climate change, regardless of the climate scenario and the year. Compared to its initial niche, the niche of the species will increase from 22.33% to 43.61% in 2050 and from 27.12% to 53.61% in 2070. However, this ecological expansion observed mainly in the Gulf of Guinea, will be associated with a considerable decrease in the Sahel and central Nigeria. This study shows the importance of promoting the development of innovative silvicultural strategies for the extension and restoration of natural stands of P. erinaceus in order to meet sustainably the timber needs of the West African region. It helps also to strengthening the roles of natural forests in providing ecosystem services and mitigating climate change effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossi Adjonou
- Laboratory of Forest Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Komla Elikplim Abotsi
- Laboratory of Forest Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Kossi Novinyo Segla
- Laboratory of Forest Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Habou Rabiou
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Diffa, Diffa, Niger
| | - Towanou Houetchegnon
- Laboratory of Forestry Studies and Research, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - K N Bienvenue Sourou
- Laboratory of Forestry Studies and Research, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | | | | | - Adzo Dzifa Kokutse
- Laboratory of Forest Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Ali Mahamane
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Diffa, Diffa, Niger
| | - Kouami Kokou
- Laboratory of Forest Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé (Togo), Lomé, Togo
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14
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Gallaway BJ, Raborn SW, Picariello L, Putman NF. Changes in Shrimping Effort in the Gulf of Mexico and the Impacts to Red Snapper. iScience 2020; 23:101111. [PMID: 32438320 PMCID: PMC7240115 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a complex management landscape and decades of overfishing, Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) stocks have grown substantially in the Gulf of Mexico and restrictions on the fisheries that catch them are being loosened. This year, annual shrimping effort was allowed to increase by 21% after National Marine Fisheries Service scientists concluded that the resulting bycatch of Red Snapper would only reduce the annual allowable catch in other fisheries by ∼1% and have no impact on population growth. Nonetheless, the recreational fishing sector intensely campaigned against this rule, fueled by wild mischaracterization of shrimp trawl bycatch in media outlets targeting anglers. Here, we aim to elevate the debates surrounding Red Snapper management by presenting scientific and historical context for the potential impacts from shrimping. We discuss our views of the current problems facing Red Snapper and key ecological questions to address for more effective management of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Raborn
- LGL Ecological Research Associates Inc., Bryan, TX 77802, USA
| | - Laura Picariello
- Texas Sea Grant, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Nathan F Putman
- LGL Ecological Research Associates Inc., Bryan, TX 77802, USA.
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15
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Igweze ZN, Ekhator OC, Orisakwe OE. A pediatric health risk assessment of children's toys imported from China into Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03732. [PMID: 32322724 PMCID: PMC7171521 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade liberalization led to the flooding of the Nigerian markets with ''made in China'' children's toys. Information about metal contamination in toys is vital to ensure the safety of children's product. This is a pediatric health risk assessment of three toxic metals (Pb, Cd and As) in children toys purchased from Nigerian market. Thirty cheap ''made in China'' toys were purchased from stores in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Three toxic metals (Pb, Cd and As) in the thirty toys samples were determined by absorption spectrophotometry. Pb, Cd and As were present in all the toys at levels below the limits set by EU. The oral and dermal exposure risk assessment showed no significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogen health risks of public health concern. Some ''made in China'' toys imported into Nigeria may not add to the body burden of these metals in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelinjo Nkeiruka Igweze
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Osazuwa Clinton Ekhator
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria
| | - Orish E. Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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16
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Xie Y, Sengupta M, Liu Y, Long H, Min Q, Liu W, Habte A. A Physics-Based DNI Model Assessing All-Sky Circumsolar Radiation. iScience 2020; 23:100893. [PMID: 32088395 PMCID: PMC7038471 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By investigating the long-term observations at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP), we find that the routinely used Beer-Bouguer-Lambert law and the models that empirically separate direct normal irradiance (DNI) from measurements of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) have dramatic and unexpected bias in computing cloudy-sky DNI. This bias has led to tremendous uncertainty in estimating the electricity generation by solar energy conversion systems. To effectively reduce the bias, this study proposes a physical solution of all-sky DNI that computes solar radiation in the infinite-narrow beam along the sun direction and the scattered radiation falls within the circumsolar region. In sharp contrast with the other DNI models, this method uses a finite-surface integration algorithm that computes solar radiation in differential solid angles and efficiently infers its contribution to a surface perpendicular to the sun direction. The new model substantially reduces the uncertainty in DNI by a factor of 2–7. A dramatic and unexpected bias is found in the routine computation of DNI A physics-based model is developed to integrate circumsolar radiances DNI computation comprises scattered radiation in circumsolar region This new model leads to a remarkable improvement in assessing DNI
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Manajit Sengupta
- Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Yangang Liu
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 99 Rochester St., Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| | - Hai Long
- Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Qilong Min
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, 251 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Weijia Liu
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 99 Rochester St., Upton, NY 11973, USA; School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Aron Habte
- Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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17
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Huang H, D'Odorico P. Critical Transitions in Plant-Pollinator Systems Induced by Positive Inbreeding-Reward-Pollinator Feedbacks. iScience 2020; 23:100819. [PMID: 31981922 PMCID: PMC6976937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In many regions of the world pollinator populations are rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to disrupt major ecosystem functions and services. These changes in pollinator abundance may be prone to critical transitions with abrupt shifts to a state strongly depleted both in pollinator and vegetation abundance. Here we develop a process-based model to investigate the effect of a positive pollinator-vegetation feedback, whereby an initial decline in plant density increases selfing thereby reducing floral resources and negatively affecting pollinators. We show that a decline in resource availability and an increase in disturbance intensity can induce an abrupt shift in vegetation and pollinator dynamics and potentially lead to the collapse of plant-pollinator systems. Thus, endogenous feedbacks can induce strong non-linearities in plant-pollinator dynamics, making them vulnerable to critical transitions to a state depleted of both plants and pollinators in response to resource deficiency and natural or anthropogenic disturbance. Increased selfing in plants reduces nectar quality and pollinator visitation Bistability can emerge from endogenous positive pollinator-vegetation feedbacks Plant-pollinator dynamics may exhibit critical transitions under global change
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Paolo D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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18
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He J, Dai Q, Qi Y, Wu Z, Fang Q, Su P, Huang M, Burgess JG, Ke C, Feng D. Aggregation Pheromone for an Invasive Mussel Consists of a Precise Combination of Three Common Purines. iScience 2019; 19:691-702. [PMID: 31473589 PMCID: PMC6728611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine benthic invertebrates have a pelagic larval phase, after which they settle preferentially on or near conspecific adults, forming aggregations. Although settlement pheromones from conspecific adults have been implicated as critical drivers of aggregation for more than 30 years, surprisingly few have been unambiguously identified. Here we show that in the invasive dreissenid mussel Mytilopsis sallei (an ecological and economic pest), three common purines (adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine) released from adults in a synergistic and precise ratio (1:1.125:3.25) serve as an aggregation pheromone by inducing conspecific larval settlement and metamorphosis. Our results demonstrate that simple common metabolites can function as species-specific pheromones when present in precise combinations. This study provides important insights into our understanding of the ecology and communication processes of invasive organisms and indicates that the combination and ratio of purines might be critical for purine-based signaling systems that are fundamental and widespread in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuxuan Qi
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qianyun Fang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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19
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Huang Z. Drifting with Flow versus Self-Migrating-How Do Young Anadromous Fish Move to the Sea? iScience 2019; 19:772-785. [PMID: 31494493 PMCID: PMC6734002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The downriver migration process of young anadromous fish has a far-reaching impact on their survival rate and the efficacy of hatchery-reared fish release, but it is poorly understood. Moreover, the impact of dams on the fish remains unclear. The Chinese sturgeon is an anadromous and dam-affected fish in the Yangtze River. Here, we propose a novel theoretical framework to reveal the migration process of young Chinese sturgeon. We clarify the effects of active swimming of fish and water flow on the downriver migration and the parametric traits of the migrational stages. Then, we show that the young fish migrate downriver along the inshore waters in a gradually transforming manner from passive drift to active swimming. Lastly, we evaluate the impact of the Gezhouba Dam (GD) on the migration of the young fish, as well as demonstrate the life cycles of Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River pre- and post-GD. The migration process of young fish depends on their age and the local water flow Weak swing or swimming of larvae plays a crucial role in fish survival in the river Young fish move in a gradually transforming manner—passive drift to active swimming The Dam causes juveniles to reach the estuary earlier, which pose a mortality risk
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Huang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
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20
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Laurel BJ, Copeman LA, Iseri P, Spencer ML, Hutchinson G, Nordtug T, Donald CE, Meier S, Allan SE, Boyd DT, Ylitalo GM, Cameron JR, French BL, Linbo TL, Scholz NL, Incardona JP. Embryonic Crude Oil Exposure Impairs Growth and Lipid Allocation in a Keystone Arctic Forage Fish. iScience 2019; 19:1101-1113. [PMID: 31536959 PMCID: PMC6831839 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As Arctic ice recedes, future oil spills pose increasing risk to keystone species and the ecosystems they support. We show that Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an energy-rich forage fish for marine mammals, seabirds, and other fish, are highly sensitive to developmental impacts of crude oil. Transient oil exposures ≥300 μg/L during mid-organogenesis disrupted the normal patterning of the jaw as well as the formation and function of the heart, in a manner expected to be lethal to post-hatch larvae. More importantly, we found that exposure to lower levels of oil caused a dysregulation of lipid metabolism and growth that persisted in morphologically normal juveniles. As lipid content is critical for overwinter survival and recruitment, we anticipate Polar cod losses following Arctic oil spills as a consequence of both near-term and delayed mortality. These losses will likely influence energy flow within Arctic food webs in ways that are as-yet poorly understood. Polar cod eggs are buoyant and accumulate crude oil droplets on the chorion Crude oil disrupts embryonic cardiac function and larval lipid metabolism Juvenile growth and lipid content are reduced following brief embryonic oil exposure Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic to cod in parts per trillion concentrations
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Laurel
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA.
| | - Louise A Copeman
- Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Paul Iseri
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Mara L Spencer
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Greg Hutchinson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E Allan
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Daryle T Boyd
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James R Cameron
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara L French
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tiffany L Linbo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Dai J, Fidalgo de Cortalezzi M. Influence of pH, ionic strength and natural organic matter concentration on a MIP-Fluorescent sensor for the quantification of DNT in water. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01922. [PMID: 31245645 PMCID: PMC6582050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of sample water chemistry on a carbon dot labeled molecularly imprinted polymer (AC-MIP) sensor for the detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) was investigated. Hydrogel MIP films were fabricated and tested in DNT solutions in various matrices, representative of natural water conditions, to assess applicability of the sensors to real water samples. The effect of pH, natural organic matter (NOM), ionic strength and cation type on the swelling of the hydrogel and fluorescence quenching was investigated. An increase in ionic strength from 1 mM to 100 mM produced a quenching amount of MIPs decreased of about 19% and 30% with NaCl and CaCl2 respectively. In the range of pH tested, from 4 to 9, quenching was higher at basic environment for both MIPs and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) due to increased hydrogel swelling. NOM contributed to the background quenching, but the effect could be addressed by an adjusted calibration equation. In both lake and tap water, DNT concentrations read by the sensors were close to the values measured by HPLC, within 72%–105% of true values. The AC-MIP films fabricated in this work are promising materials for the detection of water contamination in the field and the quantitative analysis of DNT concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maria Fidalgo de Cortalezzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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22
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Khan SM, Gomes J, Krewski DR. Radon interventions around the globe: A systematic review. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01737. [PMID: 31193708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radon is the primary source of environmental radiation exposure posing a significant human health risk in cold countries. In Canada, most provinces have revised building codes by 2017, requiring construction solutions to avoid radon in all new buildings. While various construction solutions and remediation techniques have been proposed and evaluated, the question about the best method that would effectively reduce radon in a variety of contexts remained unanswered. Radon practitioners, officials of radon control programs, and businesses offering radon testing and mitigation services, builders, property managers, homeowners and residents also have similar queries. Objective This paper systematically reviewed both experimental and observational studies (S) with radon interventions (I) used globally in residential houses (P) compared to other residential or model houses (C) to evaluate relative mitigation effectiveness (O) that could guide selecting the best radon reduction strategy for residential buildings. Methods Two researchers searched fifteen academic bibliographic and grey literature databases for radon intervention studies conducted around the world, with particular emphasis on areas of North America and Europe published from 1990 to 2018. Interventions in residential and model houses were included, but studies piloted purely in the lab were excluded; the PRISMA checklist was used to synthesize data; Cochrane and Hamilton tools were used to evaluate study quality. Results Studies around the globe have investigated a variety of construction solutions, radon mitigation and remediation systems with different levels of effectiveness. In most cases, sub-slab or sump depressurization system (SSDS) with active ventilation technique was found more effective in achieving a significant and sustained radon reduction than the passive methods such as sealing, membrane, block and beam, simple ventilation, or filtration. The choice of an optimal strategy largely depends on the factors related to the initial radon level, routes of entry, building design and age, as well as other geologic, atmospheric, and climatic conditions. Conclusion Although an active SSDS is the best mitigation systems, at places, it needs to be combined with another system and installed by a trained radon professional considering the pertinent factors to ensure radon level continues to remain below the action level. This study did not conduct any economic evaluation of the mitigation measures. Future review with studies on the implementation of new building codes will provide updated evidence. Recommendation For the practical implementation of radon mitigation, training of the construction industry, information provision for residents, the establishment of public funds, incorporation of radon-prone areas in the land utilization maps, and enacting building codes deemed essential.
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Mahgoub AM. The impact of five environmental factors on species distribution and weed community structure in the coastal farmland and adjacent territories in the northwest delta region, Egypt. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01441. [PMID: 31025008 PMCID: PMC6475875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the soil type and its properties cannot be denied as one of the major environmental factors affecting the weed community structure in an area, but what is the effect of the other environmental factors as the prevailing climate, crop type, urbanization and crop sustainability? What is the order of importance for their impact? The present study aims to measure these concepts. A sample area (3500 km2) was selected in the Northwest Delta, Egypt. 473 species recorded and four VSG or vegetative sociation groups (weed communities) identified using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The diversity of the 4 VSG was calculated. PCA used to get a view for the influence of these five variables (environmental factors) on species distribution and variability of weed community structure, summarize the relationships among variables and investigate the proximity among samples and how they relate to variables. The measurement of the degree of seasonal bias of species added more clarification for the impact of crop type. ANOVA followed by Tukey's test showed the significance of 9 soil variables and determined which of the pairs were statistically significant. The results of the study revealed that the prevailing climate was the most impacting factor on species distribution and weed community structure followed by urbanization, crop type, soil type and crop sustainability, respectively.
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24
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Kim C, Kim J, Joo S, Bu Y, Liu M, Cho J, Kim G. Efficient CO 2 Utilization via a Hybrid Na-CO 2 System Based on CO 2 Dissolution. iScience 2018; 9:278-85. [PMID: 30447646 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies have been extensively studied to utilize carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, as a resource. So far, however, effective technologies have not been proposed owing to the low efficiency conversion rate and high energy requirements. Here, we present a hybrid Na-CO2 cell that can continuously produce electrical energy and hydrogen through efficient CO2 conversion with stable operation for over 1,000 hr from spontaneous CO2 dissolution in aqueous solution. In addition, this system has the advantage of not regenerating CO2 during charging process, unlike aprotic metal-CO2 cells. This system could serve as a novel CO2 utilization technology and high-value-added electrical energy and hydrogen production device.
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25
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Calahan D, Osenbaugh E, Adey W. Expanded algal cultivation can reverse key planetary boundary transgressions. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00538. [PMID: 29560453 PMCID: PMC5857643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity is degrading multiple ecosystem services, potentially irreversibly. Two of the most important human impacts are excess agricultural nutrient loading in our fresh and estuarine waters and excess carbon dioxide in our oceans and atmosphere. Large-scale global intervention is required to slow, halt, and eventually reverse these stresses. Cultivating attached polyculture algae within controlled open-field photobioreactors is a practical technique for exploiting the ubiquity and high primary productivity of algae to capture and recycle the pollutants driving humanity into unsafe regimes of biogeochemical cycling, ocean acidification, and global warming. Expanded globally and appropriately distributed, algal cultivation is capable of removing excess nutrients from global environments, while additionally sequestering appreciable excess carbon. While obviously a major capital and operational investment, such a project is comparable in magnitude to the construction and maintenance of the global road transportation network. Beyond direct amelioration of critical threats, expanded algal cultivation would produce a major new commodity flow of biomass, potentially useful either as a valuable organic commodity itself, or used to reduce the scale of the problem by improving soils, slowing or reversing the loss of arable land. A 100 year project to expand algal cultivation to completely recycle excess global agricultural N and P would, when fully operational, require gross global expenses no greater than $2.3 × 1012 yr−1, (3.0% of the 2016 global domestic product) and less than 1.9 × 107 ha (4.7 × 107 ac), 0.38% of the land area used globally to grow food. The biomass generated embodies renewable energy equivalent to 2.8% of global primary energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Calahan
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | | | - Walter Adey
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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Tatarko J, van Donk SJ, Ascough JC 2nd, Walker DG. Application of the WEPS and SWEEP models to non-agricultural disturbed lands. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00215. [PMID: 28018984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wind erosion not only affects agricultural productivity but also soil, air, and water quality. Dust and specifically particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM-10) has adverse effects on respiratory health and also reduces visibility along roadways, resulting in auto accidents. The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) was developed by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service to simulate wind erosion and provide for conservation planning on cultivated agricultural lands. A companion product, known as the Single-Event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP), has also been developed which consists of the stand-alone WEPS erosion submodel combined with a graphical interface to simulate soil loss from single (i.e., daily) wind storm events. In addition to agricultural lands, wind driven dust emissions also occur from other anthropogenic sources such as construction sites, mined and reclaimed areas, landfills, and other disturbed lands. Although developed for agricultural fields, WEPS and SWEEP are useful tools for simulating erosion by wind for non-agricultural lands where typical agricultural practices are not employed. On disturbed lands, WEPS can be applied for simulating long-term (i.e., multi-year) erosion control strategies. SWEEP on the other hand was developed specifically for disturbed lands and can simulate potential soil loss for site- and date-specific planned surface conditions and control practices. This paper presents novel applications of WEPS and SWEEP for developing erosion control strategies on non-agricultural disturbed lands. Erosion control planning with WEPS and SWEEP using water and other dust suppressants, wind barriers, straw mulch, re-vegetation, and other management practices is demonstrated herein through the use of comparative simulation scenarios. The scenarios confirm the efficacy of the WEPS and SWEEP models as valuable tools for supporting the design of erosion control plans for disturbed lands that are not only cost-effective but also incorporate a science-based approach to risk assessment.
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Ward TJ, Delaloye N, Adams ER, Ware D, Vanek D, Knuth R, Hester CL, Marra NN, Holian A. Air Toxics Under the Big Sky: Examining the Effectiveness of Authentic Scientific Research on High School Students' Science Skills and Interest. Int J Sci Educ 2016; 38:905-921. [PMID: 28286375 PMCID: PMC5342838 DOI: 10.1080/09500693.2016.1167984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air Toxics Under the Big Sky is an environmental science outreach/education program that incorporates the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) 8 Practices with the goal of promoting knowledge and understanding of authentic scientific research in high school classrooms through air quality research. A quasi-experimental design was used in order to understand: 1) how the program affects student understanding of scientific inquiry and research and 2) how the open inquiry learning opportunities provided by the program increase student interest in science as a career path. Treatment students received instruction related to air pollution (airborne particulate matter), associated health concerns, and training on how to operate air quality testing equipment. They then participated in a yearlong scientific research project in which they developed and tested hypotheses through research of their own design regarding the sources and concentrations of air pollution in their homes and communities. Results from an external evaluation revealed that treatment students developed a deeper understanding of scientific research than did comparison students, as measured by their ability to generate good hypotheses and research designs, and equally expressed an increased interest in pursuing a career in science. These results emphasize the value of and need for authentic science learning opportunities in the modern science classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Ward
- University of Montana, Skaggs Building 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-4092
| | - Naomi Delaloye
- University of Montana, Skaggs Building 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-2046
| | - Earle Raymond Adams
- University of Montana, Department of Chemistry, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-4196
| | - Desirae Ware
- University of Montana, Skaggs Building 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-4055
| | - Diana Vanek
- University of Montana, 4030 Sourdough Rd., Bozeman, MT 59715, (406) 546-4254
| | | | - Carolyn Laurie Hester
- University of Montana, Skaggs Building 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-4055
| | - Nancy Noel Marra
- Phi Delta Kappa, AAUW, 348 E. Iowa Dr. Boise, ID 83706, (406)240-3502
| | - Andrij Holian
- University of Montana, Skaggs Building 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, (406) 243-4018
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