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Anderson K, Braoudakis G, Kvist S. Genetic variation, pseudocryptic diversity, and phylogeny of Erpobdella (Annelida: Hirudinida: Erpobdelliformes), with emphasis on Canadian species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106688. [PMID: 31747540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leeches of the family Erpobdellidae are important members of benthic freshwater environments, where they are voracious predators of other invertebrates and an important source of nutrition for several species of vertebrates. Beset by a lack of reliable diagnostic morphological characters and destructive identification processes, molecular approaches have, in recent years, been employed to illuminate the relationships within this family, and DNA barcoding has been employed for identification purposes. However, an understanding of the levels of genetic variation across the geographic distributions of members of the genus is still lacking. Herein, we sequence the mitochondrial COI locus for 249 newly collected North American individuals, representing 5 species, as well as mitochondrial 12S rDNA, nuclear 18S rDNA, and nuclear 28S rDNA for a select subset of these. Our COI dataset was leveraged to detect potential cryptic species, and to calculate genetic distances as a proxy for the degree of gene flow between populations. Augmented by numerous sequences from GenBank, the multilocus dataset was used to reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis for worldwide members of the genus. Beyond corroborating previous overarching phylogenetic frameworks, our results show that an undescribed species that is morphologically and genetically similar to Erpobdella punctata exists in sympatry with this species - the new species has likely been overlooked in previous studies due to its morphological similarity with Erpobdella punctata. Erpobdella bucera is reported from Canada for the first time; and Erpobdella microstoma is newly reported from Saskatchewan and placed in a phylogeny for the first time. Finally, we find evidence for genetic structure in both E. cf. punctata and Erpobdella obscura that is correlated with major river drainage basin boundaries in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Anderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2B4, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada.
| | - Georgina Braoudakis
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2B4, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada
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Jiménez-Armenta J, Oceguera-Figueroa A. Leeches from Mexico City, remnants of the ancient lake. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:632-642. [PMID: 31072187 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1606217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic barcodes (partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were generated for freshwater leeches that inhabit the Mexico Basin, upon which Mexico City and its metropolitan area have developed. Once a continuous lake, the basin has passed through continuous events of artificial desiccation in the last 500 years so that it is currently conformed by a few and highly modified and polluted isolated freshwater bodies. Six species of leeches from three families were collected in five localities. Current sequence databases were able to determine five of the six species collected for this study with the only exception of Haemopis caballeroi, for which no sequence data are available in public repositories. Taxonomic assignment of cocoons was possible via comparison of barcode sequences. We discuss the presence of a population of Erpobdella ochoterenai in Tecocomulco Lake that bares high genetic divergence from its conspecifics, which may indicate it is an undescribed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-Armenta
- a Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico.,b Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán , México
| | - A Oceguera-Figueroa
- a Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
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Grabicova K, Grabic R, Blaha M, Kumar V, Cerveny D, Fedorova G, Randak T. Presence of pharmaceuticals in benthic fauna living in a small stream affected by effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant. Water Res 2015; 72:145-53. [PMID: 25283339 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms can be affected not only via polluted water but also via their food. In the present study, we examined bioaccumulation of seventy pharmaceuticals in two benthic organisms, Hydropsyche sp. and Erpobdella octoculata in a small stream affected by the effluent from a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Prachatice (South Bohemia region, Czech Republic). Furthermore, water samples from similar locations were analyzed for all seventy pharmaceuticals. In water samples from a control locality situated upstream of the STP, ten of the seventy pharmaceuticals were found with average total concentrations of 200 ng L(-1). In water samples collected at STP-affected sites (downstream the STP's effluent), twenty-nine, twenty-seven and twenty-nine pharmaceuticals were determined at average total concentrations of 2000, 2100 and 1700 ng L(-1), respectively. Six of the seventy pharmaceuticals (azithromycin, citalopram, clarithromycin, clotrimazole, sertraline, and verapamil) were found in Hydropsyche. Four pharmaceuticals (clotrimazole, diclofenac, sertraline, and valsartan) were detected in Erpobdella. Using evaluation criterion bioconcentration factor (BCF) is higher than 2000 we can assign azithromycin and sertraline as bioaccumulative pharmaceuticals. Even pharmaceuticals present at low levels in water were found in benthic organisms at relatively high concentrations (up to 85 ng g(-1) w.w. for azithromycin). Consequently, the uptake of pharmaceuticals via the food web could be an important exposure pathway for the wild fish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grabicova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Blaha
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vimal Kumar
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Macova S, Harustiakova D, Kolarova J, Machova J, Zlabek V, Vykusova B, Randak T, Velisek J, Poleszczuk G, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J, Svobodova Z. Leeches as Sensor-bioindicators of River Contamination by PCBs. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:1807-20. [PMID: 22573988 PMCID: PMC3345870 DOI: 10.3390/s90301807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of leeches of the genus Erpobdella as a means of assessing polychlorinated biphenyl contamination of watercourses. The River Skalice, heavily contaminated with PCBs, was selected as a model. The source of contamination was a road gravel processing factory in Rožmitál pod Třemšínem from which an estimated 1 metric ton of PCBs leaked in 1986. Levels of PCB were measured in leeches collected between 1992 to 2003 from 11 sites covering about 50 km of the river (the first sampling site upstream to the source of contamination and 10 sites downstream). The PCB indicator congeners IUPA no. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180 were measured. Levels were highest at the four sampling sites nearest the source of pollution. The highest values of PCB congeners were found in 1992. PCB content decreased from 1992 to 2003 and with distance from the source. The study indicated that leeches of the genus Erpobdella are a suitable bioindicator of contamination in the surface layer of river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Macova
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Danka Harustiakova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolarova
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Machova
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Vykusova
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Gorzyslaw Poleszczuk
- Szczecin University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, ul. Felczaka 3A, 71–412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodnany, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
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