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Fukushima K, Itaba N, Kono Y, Okazaki S, Enokida S, Kuranobu N, Murakami J, Enokida M, Nagashima H, Kanzaki S, Namba N, Shiota G. Secreted matrix metalloproteinase-14 is a predictor for antifibrotic effect of IC-2-engineered mesenchymal stem cell sheets on liver fibrosis in mice. Regen Ther 2021; 18:292-301. [PMID: 34504910 PMCID: PMC8399086 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transplantation of IC-2-engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) sheets (IC-2 sheets) was previously reported to potentially reduce liver fibrosis. Methods This study prepared IC-2-engineered cell sheets from multiple lots of BM-MSCs and examined the therapeutic effects of these cell sheets on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. The predictive factors for antifibrotic effect on liver fibrosis were tried to identify in advance. Results Secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 was found to be a useful predictive factor to reduce liver fibrosis. Moreover, the cutoff index of MMP-14 for 30% reduction of liver fibrosis was 0.918 fg/cell, judging from univariate analysis and receiver operating curve analysis. In addition, MMP-13 activity and thioredoxin contents in IC-2 sheets were also inversely correlated with hepatic hydroxyproline contents. Finally, IC-2 was also found to promote MMP-14 secretion from BM-MSCs of elderly patients. Surprisingly, the values of secreted MMP-14 from BM-MSCs of elderly patients were much higher than those of young persons. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the IC-2 sheets would be applicable to clinical use in autologous transplantation for patients with cirrhosis regardless of the patient's age. IC-2- sheets from multiple lots of BM-MSCs ameliorate liver fibrosis in mice. Secreted MMP-14 is a useful predictive marker to reduce liver fibrosis. MMP-13 and thioredoxin in IC-2 sheets were also associated with liver fibrosis. IC-2 also promotes MMP-14 secretion from BM-MSCs of elderly patients.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BM-MSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- C3, complement C3
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorter
- FALD, fontan-associated liver disease
- GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HCC, hepatic cellular carcinoma
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- Hepatic cell sheets
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LC, liver cirrhosis
- MMP-14, matrix metalloproteinase
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Matrix metalloproteinase-14
- Mesenchymal stem cells
- Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitor
- chronic liver injury
- hBM-MNCs, human bone marrow mononuclear cells
- iPS cells, induced pluripotent stem cells
- αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukushima
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Noriko Itaba
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shizuma Okazaki
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinpei Enokida
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Naomi Kuranobu
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Jun Murakami
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Makoto Enokida
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hideki Nagashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Sensory and Motor Organs, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Susumu Kanzaki
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
- Asahigawaso Rehabilitation & Medical Center, Okayama, 703-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Corresponding author. Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. Fax: +81-859-38-6430.
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Calvo B, Rubio F, Fernández M, Tranque P. Dissociation of neonatal and adult mice brain for simultaneous analysis of microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes by flow cytometry. IBRO Rep 2020; 8:36-47. [PMID: 32215337 PMCID: PMC7090101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of neural cells is higher with 30 % Percoll gradient than 30–70 %. Papain enhances combined extraction of microglia, astrocytes and lymphocytes. Dispase II potentiates papain action only in adult brain. Mechanical dissociation isolates neonatal and adult astrocytes better than enzymes. Papain + dispase II alows cell cytometry quantification of glial activation by LPS.
The technical difficulty to isolate microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating immune cells from mouse brain is nowadays a limiting factor in the study of neuroinflammation. Brain isolation requirements are cell-type and animal-age dependent, but current brain dissociation procedures are poorly standardized. This lack of comprehensive studies hampers the selection of optimized methodologies. Thus, we present here a comparative analysis of dissociation methods and Percoll-based separation to identify the most efficient procedure for the combined isolation of healthy microglia, astrocytes and infiltrated leukocytes; distinguishing neonatal and adult mouse brain. Gentle mechanical dissociation and DNase I incubation was supplemented with papain or collagenase II. Dispase II digestion was also used alone or in combination. In addition, cell separation efficiency of 30 % and 30–70 % Percoll gradients was compared. In these experiments, cell yield and integrity of freshly dissociated cells was measured by flow cytometry. We found that papain digestion in combination with dispase II followed by 30 % Percoll separation is the most balanced method to obtain a mixture of microglia, astrocytes and infiltrated immune cells; while addition of dispase II was not an advantage for neonatal brain. These dissociation conditions allowed flow cytometry detection of a slight glial activation triggered by sublethal LPS injection. In conclusion, the enzymes and Percoll density gradients tested here affected differently resting microglia, activated microglia/macrophages, astrocytes and infiltrated lymphocytes. Also, newborn and adult brain showed contrasting reactions to digestion. Our study highlights the strength of flow cytometry for the simultaneous analysis of neuroimmune cell populations once extraction is optimized.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- Astrocytes
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- CaCl2, calcium chloride
- EBSS, Earle's Balanced Salt Solution
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorter
- FSC, forward-scattered light
- Flow cytometry
- Glia reactivity
- HBSS, Hank's Balanced Salt Solution
- LD, lethal dose
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lymphocytes
- MgCl2, magnesium chloride
- MgSO4, magnesium sulfate
- Microglia
- Neuroimmunity
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RT, room temperature
- SIP, stock solution of isotonic Percoll
- SSC, side-scattered light
- i.p, intraperitoneal injection
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Calvo
- Neuroglia Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disorders (IDINE), Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Felipe Rubio
- Neuroglia Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disorders (IDINE), Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Miriam Fernández
- Neuroglia Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disorders (IDINE), Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Tranque
- Neuroglia Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disorders (IDINE), Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
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