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Gigante E, Paradis V, Ronot M, Cauchy F, Soubrane O, Ganne-Carrié N, Nault JC. New insights into the pathophysiology and clinical care of rare primary liver cancers. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100174. [PMID: 33205035 PMCID: PMC7653076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocholangiocarcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, hepatic haemangioendothelioma and hepatic angiosarcoma represent less than 5% of primary liver cancers. Fibrolamellar carcinoma and hepatic haemangioendothelioma are driven by unique somatic genetic alterations (DNAJB1-PRKCA and CAMTA1-WWTR1 fusions, respectively), while the pathogenesis of hepatocholangiocarcinoma remains more complex, as suggested by its histological diversity. Histology is the gold standard for diagnosis, which remains challenging even in an expert centre because of the low incidences of these liver cancers. Resection, when feasible, is the cornerstone of treatment, together with liver transplantation for hepatic haemangioendothelioma. The role of locoregional therapies and systemic treatments remains poorly studied. In this review, we aim to describe the recent advances in terms of diagnosis and clinical management of these rare primary liver cancers.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-Fluorouracil
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- APHE, arterial phase hyperenhancement
- CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound
- CK, cytokeratin
- CLC, cholangiolocellular carcinoma
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridisation
- FLC, fibrolamellar carcinoma
- Fibrolamellar carcinoma
- HAS, hepatic angiosarcoma
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HEH, hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
- HepPar1, hepatocyte specific antigen antibody
- Hepatic angiosarcoma
- Hepatic hemangioendothelioma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocholangiocarcinoma
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LI-RADS, liver imaging reporting and data system
- LT, liver transplantation
- Mixed tumor
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR
- SIRT, selective internal radiation therapy
- TACE, transarterial chemoembolisation
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cHCC-CCA, combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma
- iCCA, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Gigante
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
- Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149 « De l'inflammation au cancer », Paris, France
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149 « De l'inflammation au cancer », Paris, France
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Nord-Val-de-Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Ronot
- Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149 « De l'inflammation au cancer », Paris, France
- Service de radiologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Nord-Val-de-Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - François Cauchy
- Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149 « De l'inflammation au cancer », Paris, France
- Service de chirurgie hépato-bilio-pancréatique et transplantation hépatique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Nord-Val-de-Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation, Inserm, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1149 « De l'inflammation au cancer », Paris, France
- Service de chirurgie hépato-bilio-pancréatique et transplantation hépatique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Nord-Val-de-Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, INSERM UMR 1138, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, INSERM UMR 1138, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, F-75006, Paris, France
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Forbes CM, Flannigan R, Schlegel PN. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and male infertility: Current status and future directions. Arab J Urol 2018; 16:171-80. [PMID: 29713548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarise the current state of research into spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) therapies with a focus on future directions, as SSCs show promise as a source for preserving or initiating fertility in otherwise infertile men. Materials and methods We performed a search for publications addressing spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in the treatment of male infertility. The search engines PubMed and Google Scholar were used from 1990 to 2017. Search terms were relevant for spermatogonial stem cell therapies. Titles of publications were screened for relevance; abstracts were read, if related and full papers were reviewed for directly pertinent original research. Results In all, 58 papers were found to be relevant to this review, and were included in appropriate subheadings. This review discusses the various techniques that SSCs are being investigated to treat forms of male infertility. Conclusions Evidence does not yet support clinical application of SSCs in humans. However, significant progress in the in vitro and in vivo development of SSCs, including differentiation into functional germ cells, gives reason for cautious optimism for future research.
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Key Words
- ART, assisted reproductive technologies
- Allograft
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- Bcl6b, B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 6B
- CD(24)(34), cluster of differentiation (24)(34)
- FGF2, Fibroblast growth factor 2
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridisation
- Fertility preservation
- GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- ID4, inhibitor of differentiation 4
- KS, Klinefelter syndrome
- Male infertility
- Non-obstructive azoospermia
- Onco-fertility
- PGC, primordial germ cells
- PLZF, promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger
- PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
- RA(R), retinoic acid (receptor)
- SPG, spermatogonia
- SSC, spermatogonial stem cell
- Stem cell therapy
- Stra8, stimulated by RA 8
- ZBTB, zinc finger and broad complex/Tramtrack/bric-a-brac
- c-Kit, KIT Proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase
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Hammam O, Nour HH, Mosaad M, Akl M, Khalil H, Al Ganzory H, Hindawi A. The clinical significance of HER2 protein amplification/expression in urinary bladder lesion. Arab J Urol 2015; 13:146-52. [PMID: 26413337 PMCID: PMC4561918 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate HER2 oncoprotein expression by both immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in different benign and malignant bladder lesions, and the effect of bilharzial infestation on this expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective controlled study, 72 patients were classified into a control group, and groups with cystitis, urothelial carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). HER2 was detected using standard IHC staining and FISH in all groups. The correlation of HER2 expression with tumour type, stage and grade in relation to normal urothelium and cystitis was assessed. The effect of schistosomal infestation was evaluated. RESULTS HER2 expression was statistically significantly higher in patients with malignant lesions than in the other groups, and in high-stage and -grade tumours than in low-stage and -grade tumours. The use of FISH increased the detection of HER2-positive tumours. Schistosomal infestation did not affect HER2 expression in patients with transitional cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION High-stage and -grade bladder malignancies expressed HER2 much more than did benign lesions. FISH is more sensitive for detecting HER2 expression. The treatment of HER2-positive tumours might benefit from novel targeted-treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Hammam
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza Egypt
| | - Hani H Nour
- Urology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza Egypt
| | - Maha Mosaad
- Pathology Department, Kasr El Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Maha Akl
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza Egypt
| | - Heba Khalil
- Pathology Department, Kasr El Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Hindawi
- Pathology Department, Kasr El Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Eid N, Enani S, Walton G, Corona G, Costabile A, Gibson G, Rowland I, Spencer JPE. The impact of date palm fruits and their component polyphenols, on gut microbial ecology, bacterial metabolites and colon cancer cell proliferation. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e46. [PMID: 26101614 PMCID: PMC4473134 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a rich source of dietary fibre and polyphenols. We have investigated gut bacterial changes induced by the whole date fruit extract (digested date extract; DDE) and its polyphenol-rich extract (date polyphenol extract; DPE) using faecal, pH-controlled, mixed batch cultures mimicking the distal part of the human large intestine, and utilising an array of microbial group-specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes. Fluorescence microscopic enumeration indicated that there was a significant increase in the growth of bifidobacteria in response to both treatments, whilst whole dates also increased bacteroides at 24 h and the total bacterial counts at later fermentation time points when compared with DPE alone. Bacterial metabolism of whole date fruit led to the production of SCFA, with acetate significantly increasing following bacterial incubation with DDE. In addition, the production of flavonoid aglycones (myricetin, luteolin, quercetin and apigenin) and the anthocyanidin petunidin in less than 1 h was also observed. Lastly, the potential of DDE, DPE and metabolites to inhibit Caco-2 cell growth was investigated, indicating that both were capable of potentially acting as antiproliferative agents in vitro, following a 48 h exposure. This potential to inhibit growth was reduced following fermentation. Together these data suggest that consumption of date fruits may enhance colon health by increasing beneficial bacterial growth and inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. This is an early suggestion that date intake by humans may aid in the maintenance of bowel health and even the reduction of colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Eid
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Sumia Enani
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Adele Costabile
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Glenn Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Jeremy P. E. Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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